diff mbox

[01/16,v3] core: move pkg-utils.mk to support/

Message ID baf402ac561bf88a4f0262b463f165f91c00cb75.1468750623.git.yann.morin.1998@free.fr
State Accepted
Headers show

Commit Message

Yann E. MORIN July 17, 2016, 10:34 a.m. UTC
pkg-utils.mk contains various definitions that are used in the package
infrastructures and packages themselves.

However, those definitions can be useful in other parts of Buildroot,
and are already used in a few places that are not related to the package
infrastructure. Also, $(sep) will be needed early in the Makefile when
we eventually support multiple br2-external trees.

Since this file only contains definitions, we can include it anytime.

So, consider that file to no longer be specific to the package infras:
  - move it to support and rename it,
  - move a few similar definitions from the main Makefile to that file.

Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@uclibc.org>
---
 Makefile              |  10 +----
 package/pkg-utils.mk  |  96 -------------------------------------------
 support/misc/utils.mk | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 support/misc/utils.mk

Comments

Romain Naour July 24, 2016, 8:43 p.m. UTC | #1
Hi Yann,

Le 17/07/2016 à 12:34, Yann E. MORIN a écrit :
> pkg-utils.mk contains various definitions that are used in the package
> infrastructures and packages themselves.
> 
> However, those definitions can be useful in other parts of Buildroot,
> and are already used in a few places that are not related to the package
> infrastructure. Also, $(sep) will be needed early in the Makefile when
> we eventually support multiple br2-external trees.
> 
> Since this file only contains definitions, we can include it anytime.
> 
> So, consider that file to no longer be specific to the package infras:
>   - move it to support and rename it,
>   - move a few similar definitions from the main Makefile to that file.

Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>

Best regards,
Romain

> 
> Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
> Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
> Cc: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@uclibc.org>
> ---
>  Makefile              |  10 +----
>  package/pkg-utils.mk  |  96 -------------------------------------------
>  support/misc/utils.mk | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 support/misc/utils.mk
> 
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index 027f21c..af2d982 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -106,14 +106,8 @@ else ifneq ($(filter-out $(nobuild_targets),$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
>  BR_BUILDING = y
>  endif
>  
> -# Strip quotes and then whitespaces
> -qstrip = $(strip $(subst ",,$(1)))
> -#"))
> -
> -# Variables for use in Make constructs
> -comma := ,
> -empty :=
> -space := $(empty) $(empty)
> +# Include some helper macros and variables
> +include support/misc/utils.mk
>  
>  ifneq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
>  O := output
> diff --git a/package/pkg-utils.mk b/package/pkg-utils.mk
> index c61b3b6..28db481 100644
> --- a/package/pkg-utils.mk
> +++ b/package/pkg-utils.mk
> @@ -5,43 +5,6 @@
>  #
>  ################################################################################
>  
> -# Case conversion macros. This is inspired by the 'up' macro from gmsl
> -# (http://gmsl.sf.net). It is optimised very heavily because these macros
> -# are used a lot. It is about 5 times faster than forking a shell and tr.
> -#
> -# The caseconvert-helper creates a definition of the case conversion macro.
> -# After expansion by the outer $(eval ), the UPPERCASE macro is defined as:
> -# $(strip $(eval __tmp := $(1))  $(eval __tmp := $(subst a,A,$(__tmp))) ... )
> -# In other words, every letter is substituted one by one.
> -#
> -# The caseconvert-helper allows us to create this definition out of the
> -# [FROM] and [TO] lists, so we don't need to write down every substition
> -# manually. The uses of $ and $$ quoting are chosen in order to do as
> -# much expansion as possible up-front.
> -#
> -# Note that it would be possible to conceive a slightly more optimal
> -# implementation that avoids the use of __tmp, but that would be even
> -# more unreadable and is not worth the effort.
> -
> -[FROM] := a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z - .
> -[TO]   := A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _ _
> -
> -define caseconvert-helper
> -$(1) = $$(strip \
> -	$$(eval __tmp := $$(1))\
> -	$(foreach c, $(2),\
> -		$$(eval __tmp := $$(subst $(word 1,$(subst :, ,$c)),$(word 2,$(subst :, ,$c)),$$(__tmp))))\
> -	$$(__tmp))
> -endef
> -
> -$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,UPPERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([FROM])),$([TO]))))
> -$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,LOWERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([TO])),$([FROM]))))
> -
> -# Sanitize macro cleans up generic strings so it can be used as a filename
> -# and in rules. Particularly useful for VCS version strings, that can contain
> -# slashes, colons (OK in filenames but not in rules), and spaces.
> -sanitize = $(subst $(space),_,$(subst :,_,$(subst /,_,$(strip $(1)))))
> -
>  #
>  # Manipulation of .config files based on the Kconfig
>  # infrastructure. Used by the BusyBox package, the Linux kernel
> @@ -82,65 +45,6 @@ INFLATE.tar  = cat
>  # suitable-extractor(filename): returns extractor based on suffix
>  suitable-extractor = $(INFLATE$(suffix $(1)))
>  
> -# MESSAGE Macro -- display a message in bold type
> -MESSAGE = echo "$(TERM_BOLD)>>> $($(PKG)_NAME) $($(PKG)_VERSION) $(call qstrip,$(1))$(TERM_RESET)"
> -TERM_BOLD := $(shell tput smso 2>/dev/null)
> -TERM_RESET := $(shell tput rmso 2>/dev/null)
> -
> -# Utility functions for 'find'
> -# findfileclauses(filelist) => -name 'X' -o -name 'Y'
> -findfileclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -name '%',$(1)))
> -# finddirclauses(base, dirlist) => -path 'base/dirX' -o -path 'base/dirY'
> -finddirclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -path '$(1)/%',$(2)))
> -
> -# Miscellaneous utility functions
> -# notfirstword(wordlist): returns all but the first word in wordlist
> -notfirstword = $(wordlist 2,$(words $(1)),$(1))
> -
> -# Needed for the foreach loops to loop over the list of hooks, so that
> -# each hook call is properly separated by a newline.
> -define sep
> -
> -
> -endef
> -
> -PERCENT = %
> -QUOTE = '
> -# ' # Meh... syntax-highlighting
> -
> -# This macro properly escapes a command string, then prints it with printf:
> -#
> -#   - first, backslash '\' are self-escaped, so that they do not escape
> -#     the following char and so that printf properly outputs a backslash;
> -#
> -#   - next, single quotes are escaped by closing an existing one, adding
> -#     an escaped one, and re-openning a new one (see below for the reason);
> -#
> -#   - then '%' signs are self-escaped so that the printf does not interpret
> -#     them as a format specifier, in case the variable contains an actual
> -#     printf with a format;
> -#
> -#   - finally, $(sep) is replaced with the literal '\n' so that make does
> -#     not break on the so-expanded variable, but so that the printf does
> -#     correctly output an LF.
> -#
> -# Note: this must be escaped in this order to avoid over-escaping the
> -# previously escaped elements.
> -#
> -# Once everything has been escaped, it is passed between single quotes
> -# (that's why the single-quotes are escaped they way they are, above,
> -# and why the dollar sign is not escaped) to printf(1). A trailing
> -# newline is apended, too.
> -#
> -# Note: leading or trailing spaces are *not* stripped.
> -#
> -define PRINTF
> -	printf '$(subst $(sep),\n,\
> -			$(subst $(PERCENT),$(PERCENT)$(PERCENT),\
> -				$(subst $(QUOTE),$(QUOTE)\$(QUOTE)$(QUOTE),\
> -					$(subst \,\\,$(1)))))\n'
> -endef
> -
>  # check-deprecated-variable -- throw an error on deprecated variables
>  # example:
>  #   $(eval $(call check-deprecated-variable,FOO_MAKE_OPT,FOO_MAKE_OPTS))
> diff --git a/support/misc/utils.mk b/support/misc/utils.mk
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..990a3d1
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/support/misc/utils.mk
> @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
> +################################################################################
> +#
> +# This file contains various utility macros and variables used about
> +# everywhere in make constructs.
> +#
> +################################################################################
> +
> +# Strip quotes and then whitespaces
> +qstrip = $(strip $(subst ",,$(1)))
> +#"))
> +
> +# Variables for use in Make constructs
> +comma := ,
> +empty :=
> +space := $(empty) $(empty)
> +
> +# Case conversion macros. This is inspired by the 'up' macro from gmsl
> +# (http://gmsl.sf.net). It is optimised very heavily because these macros
> +# are used a lot. It is about 5 times faster than forking a shell and tr.
> +#
> +# The caseconvert-helper creates a definition of the case conversion macro.
> +# After expansion by the outer $(eval ), the UPPERCASE macro is defined as:
> +# $(strip $(eval __tmp := $(1))  $(eval __tmp := $(subst a,A,$(__tmp))) ... )
> +# In other words, every letter is substituted one by one.
> +#
> +# The caseconvert-helper allows us to create this definition out of the
> +# [FROM] and [TO] lists, so we don't need to write down every substition
> +# manually. The uses of $ and $$ quoting are chosen in order to do as
> +# much expansion as possible up-front.
> +#
> +# Note that it would be possible to conceive a slightly more optimal
> +# implementation that avoids the use of __tmp, but that would be even
> +# more unreadable and is not worth the effort.
> +
> +[FROM] := a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z - .
> +[TO]   := A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _ _
> +
> +define caseconvert-helper
> +$(1) = $$(strip \
> +	$$(eval __tmp := $$(1))\
> +	$(foreach c, $(2),\
> +		$$(eval __tmp := $$(subst $(word 1,$(subst :, ,$c)),$(word 2,$(subst :, ,$c)),$$(__tmp))))\
> +	$$(__tmp))
> +endef
> +
> +$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,UPPERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([FROM])),$([TO]))))
> +$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,LOWERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([TO])),$([FROM]))))
> +
> +# Sanitize macro cleans up generic strings so it can be used as a filename
> +# and in rules. Particularly useful for VCS version strings, that can contain
> +# slashes, colons (OK in filenames but not in rules), and spaces.
> +sanitize = $(subst $(space),_,$(subst :,_,$(subst /,_,$(strip $(1)))))
> +
> +# MESSAGE Macro -- display a message in bold type
> +MESSAGE = echo "$(TERM_BOLD)>>> $($(PKG)_NAME) $($(PKG)_VERSION) $(call qstrip,$(1))$(TERM_RESET)"
> +TERM_BOLD := $(shell tput smso 2>/dev/null)
> +TERM_RESET := $(shell tput rmso 2>/dev/null)
> +
> +# Utility functions for 'find'
> +# findfileclauses(filelist) => -name 'X' -o -name 'Y'
> +findfileclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -name '%',$(1)))
> +# finddirclauses(base, dirlist) => -path 'base/dirX' -o -path 'base/dirY'
> +finddirclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -path '$(1)/%',$(2)))
> +
> +# Miscellaneous utility functions
> +# notfirstword(wordlist): returns all but the first word in wordlist
> +notfirstword = $(wordlist 2,$(words $(1)),$(1))
> +
> +# Needed for the foreach loops to loop over the list of hooks, so that
> +# each hook call is properly separated by a newline.
> +define sep
> +
> +
> +endef
> +
> +PERCENT = %
> +QUOTE = '
> +# ' # Meh... syntax-highlighting
> +
> +# This macro properly escapes a command string, then prints it with printf:
> +#
> +#   - first, backslash '\' are self-escaped, so that they do not escape
> +#     the following char and so that printf properly outputs a backslash;
> +#
> +#   - next, single quotes are escaped by closing an existing one, adding
> +#     an escaped one, and re-openning a new one (see below for the reason);
> +#
> +#   - then '%' signs are self-escaped so that the printf does not interpret
> +#     them as a format specifier, in case the variable contains an actual
> +#     printf with a format;
> +#
> +#   - finally, $(sep) is replaced with the literal '\n' so that make does
> +#     not break on the so-expanded variable, but so that the printf does
> +#     correctly output an LF.
> +#
> +# Note: this must be escaped in this order to avoid over-escaping the
> +# previously escaped elements.
> +#
> +# Once everything has been escaped, it is passed between single quotes
> +# (that's why the single-quotes are escaped they way they are, above,
> +# and why the dollar sign is not escaped) to printf(1). A trailing
> +# newline is apended, too.
> +#
> +# Note: leading or trailing spaces are *not* stripped.
> +#
> +define PRINTF
> +	printf '$(subst $(sep),\n,\
> +		$(subst $(PERCENT),$(PERCENT)$(PERCENT),\
> +			$(subst $(QUOTE),$(QUOTE)\$(QUOTE)$(QUOTE),\
> +				$(subst \,\\,$(1)))))\n'
> +endef
>
Thomas Petazzoni Aug. 27, 2016, 2:11 p.m. UTC | #2
Hello,

On Sun, 17 Jul 2016 12:34:21 +0200, Yann E. MORIN wrote:
> pkg-utils.mk contains various definitions that are used in the package
> infrastructures and packages themselves.
> 
> However, those definitions can be useful in other parts of Buildroot,
> and are already used in a few places that are not related to the package
> infrastructure. Also, $(sep) will be needed early in the Makefile when
> we eventually support multiple br2-external trees.
> 
> Since this file only contains definitions, we can include it anytime.
> 
> So, consider that file to no longer be specific to the package infras:
>   - move it to support and rename it,
>   - move a few similar definitions from the main Makefile to that file.
> 
> Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
> Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
> Cc: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@uclibc.org>
> ---
>  Makefile              |  10 +----
>  package/pkg-utils.mk  |  96 -------------------------------------------
>  support/misc/utils.mk | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 support/misc/utils.mk

Applied to next, thanks. I'm glad to see a few lines disappearing from
the main Makefile. Sadly, the remaining of your series adds some more
lines to this file :-/

Thomas
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 027f21c..af2d982 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -106,14 +106,8 @@  else ifneq ($(filter-out $(nobuild_targets),$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
 BR_BUILDING = y
 endif
 
-# Strip quotes and then whitespaces
-qstrip = $(strip $(subst ",,$(1)))
-#"))
-
-# Variables for use in Make constructs
-comma := ,
-empty :=
-space := $(empty) $(empty)
+# Include some helper macros and variables
+include support/misc/utils.mk
 
 ifneq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
 O := output
diff --git a/package/pkg-utils.mk b/package/pkg-utils.mk
index c61b3b6..28db481 100644
--- a/package/pkg-utils.mk
+++ b/package/pkg-utils.mk
@@ -5,43 +5,6 @@ 
 #
 ################################################################################
 
-# Case conversion macros. This is inspired by the 'up' macro from gmsl
-# (http://gmsl.sf.net). It is optimised very heavily because these macros
-# are used a lot. It is about 5 times faster than forking a shell and tr.
-#
-# The caseconvert-helper creates a definition of the case conversion macro.
-# After expansion by the outer $(eval ), the UPPERCASE macro is defined as:
-# $(strip $(eval __tmp := $(1))  $(eval __tmp := $(subst a,A,$(__tmp))) ... )
-# In other words, every letter is substituted one by one.
-#
-# The caseconvert-helper allows us to create this definition out of the
-# [FROM] and [TO] lists, so we don't need to write down every substition
-# manually. The uses of $ and $$ quoting are chosen in order to do as
-# much expansion as possible up-front.
-#
-# Note that it would be possible to conceive a slightly more optimal
-# implementation that avoids the use of __tmp, but that would be even
-# more unreadable and is not worth the effort.
-
-[FROM] := a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z - .
-[TO]   := A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _ _
-
-define caseconvert-helper
-$(1) = $$(strip \
-	$$(eval __tmp := $$(1))\
-	$(foreach c, $(2),\
-		$$(eval __tmp := $$(subst $(word 1,$(subst :, ,$c)),$(word 2,$(subst :, ,$c)),$$(__tmp))))\
-	$$(__tmp))
-endef
-
-$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,UPPERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([FROM])),$([TO]))))
-$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,LOWERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([TO])),$([FROM]))))
-
-# Sanitize macro cleans up generic strings so it can be used as a filename
-# and in rules. Particularly useful for VCS version strings, that can contain
-# slashes, colons (OK in filenames but not in rules), and spaces.
-sanitize = $(subst $(space),_,$(subst :,_,$(subst /,_,$(strip $(1)))))
-
 #
 # Manipulation of .config files based on the Kconfig
 # infrastructure. Used by the BusyBox package, the Linux kernel
@@ -82,65 +45,6 @@  INFLATE.tar  = cat
 # suitable-extractor(filename): returns extractor based on suffix
 suitable-extractor = $(INFLATE$(suffix $(1)))
 
-# MESSAGE Macro -- display a message in bold type
-MESSAGE = echo "$(TERM_BOLD)>>> $($(PKG)_NAME) $($(PKG)_VERSION) $(call qstrip,$(1))$(TERM_RESET)"
-TERM_BOLD := $(shell tput smso 2>/dev/null)
-TERM_RESET := $(shell tput rmso 2>/dev/null)
-
-# Utility functions for 'find'
-# findfileclauses(filelist) => -name 'X' -o -name 'Y'
-findfileclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -name '%',$(1)))
-# finddirclauses(base, dirlist) => -path 'base/dirX' -o -path 'base/dirY'
-finddirclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -path '$(1)/%',$(2)))
-
-# Miscellaneous utility functions
-# notfirstword(wordlist): returns all but the first word in wordlist
-notfirstword = $(wordlist 2,$(words $(1)),$(1))
-
-# Needed for the foreach loops to loop over the list of hooks, so that
-# each hook call is properly separated by a newline.
-define sep
-
-
-endef
-
-PERCENT = %
-QUOTE = '
-# ' # Meh... syntax-highlighting
-
-# This macro properly escapes a command string, then prints it with printf:
-#
-#   - first, backslash '\' are self-escaped, so that they do not escape
-#     the following char and so that printf properly outputs a backslash;
-#
-#   - next, single quotes are escaped by closing an existing one, adding
-#     an escaped one, and re-openning a new one (see below for the reason);
-#
-#   - then '%' signs are self-escaped so that the printf does not interpret
-#     them as a format specifier, in case the variable contains an actual
-#     printf with a format;
-#
-#   - finally, $(sep) is replaced with the literal '\n' so that make does
-#     not break on the so-expanded variable, but so that the printf does
-#     correctly output an LF.
-#
-# Note: this must be escaped in this order to avoid over-escaping the
-# previously escaped elements.
-#
-# Once everything has been escaped, it is passed between single quotes
-# (that's why the single-quotes are escaped they way they are, above,
-# and why the dollar sign is not escaped) to printf(1). A trailing
-# newline is apended, too.
-#
-# Note: leading or trailing spaces are *not* stripped.
-#
-define PRINTF
-	printf '$(subst $(sep),\n,\
-			$(subst $(PERCENT),$(PERCENT)$(PERCENT),\
-				$(subst $(QUOTE),$(QUOTE)\$(QUOTE)$(QUOTE),\
-					$(subst \,\\,$(1)))))\n'
-endef
-
 # check-deprecated-variable -- throw an error on deprecated variables
 # example:
 #   $(eval $(call check-deprecated-variable,FOO_MAKE_OPT,FOO_MAKE_OPTS))
diff --git a/support/misc/utils.mk b/support/misc/utils.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..990a3d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/support/misc/utils.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ 
+################################################################################
+#
+# This file contains various utility macros and variables used about
+# everywhere in make constructs.
+#
+################################################################################
+
+# Strip quotes and then whitespaces
+qstrip = $(strip $(subst ",,$(1)))
+#"))
+
+# Variables for use in Make constructs
+comma := ,
+empty :=
+space := $(empty) $(empty)
+
+# Case conversion macros. This is inspired by the 'up' macro from gmsl
+# (http://gmsl.sf.net). It is optimised very heavily because these macros
+# are used a lot. It is about 5 times faster than forking a shell and tr.
+#
+# The caseconvert-helper creates a definition of the case conversion macro.
+# After expansion by the outer $(eval ), the UPPERCASE macro is defined as:
+# $(strip $(eval __tmp := $(1))  $(eval __tmp := $(subst a,A,$(__tmp))) ... )
+# In other words, every letter is substituted one by one.
+#
+# The caseconvert-helper allows us to create this definition out of the
+# [FROM] and [TO] lists, so we don't need to write down every substition
+# manually. The uses of $ and $$ quoting are chosen in order to do as
+# much expansion as possible up-front.
+#
+# Note that it would be possible to conceive a slightly more optimal
+# implementation that avoids the use of __tmp, but that would be even
+# more unreadable and is not worth the effort.
+
+[FROM] := a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z - .
+[TO]   := A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _ _
+
+define caseconvert-helper
+$(1) = $$(strip \
+	$$(eval __tmp := $$(1))\
+	$(foreach c, $(2),\
+		$$(eval __tmp := $$(subst $(word 1,$(subst :, ,$c)),$(word 2,$(subst :, ,$c)),$$(__tmp))))\
+	$$(__tmp))
+endef
+
+$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,UPPERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([FROM])),$([TO]))))
+$(eval $(call caseconvert-helper,LOWERCASE,$(join $(addsuffix :,$([TO])),$([FROM]))))
+
+# Sanitize macro cleans up generic strings so it can be used as a filename
+# and in rules. Particularly useful for VCS version strings, that can contain
+# slashes, colons (OK in filenames but not in rules), and spaces.
+sanitize = $(subst $(space),_,$(subst :,_,$(subst /,_,$(strip $(1)))))
+
+# MESSAGE Macro -- display a message in bold type
+MESSAGE = echo "$(TERM_BOLD)>>> $($(PKG)_NAME) $($(PKG)_VERSION) $(call qstrip,$(1))$(TERM_RESET)"
+TERM_BOLD := $(shell tput smso 2>/dev/null)
+TERM_RESET := $(shell tput rmso 2>/dev/null)
+
+# Utility functions for 'find'
+# findfileclauses(filelist) => -name 'X' -o -name 'Y'
+findfileclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -name '%',$(1)))
+# finddirclauses(base, dirlist) => -path 'base/dirX' -o -path 'base/dirY'
+finddirclauses = $(call notfirstword,$(patsubst %,-o -path '$(1)/%',$(2)))
+
+# Miscellaneous utility functions
+# notfirstword(wordlist): returns all but the first word in wordlist
+notfirstword = $(wordlist 2,$(words $(1)),$(1))
+
+# Needed for the foreach loops to loop over the list of hooks, so that
+# each hook call is properly separated by a newline.
+define sep
+
+
+endef
+
+PERCENT = %
+QUOTE = '
+# ' # Meh... syntax-highlighting
+
+# This macro properly escapes a command string, then prints it with printf:
+#
+#   - first, backslash '\' are self-escaped, so that they do not escape
+#     the following char and so that printf properly outputs a backslash;
+#
+#   - next, single quotes are escaped by closing an existing one, adding
+#     an escaped one, and re-openning a new one (see below for the reason);
+#
+#   - then '%' signs are self-escaped so that the printf does not interpret
+#     them as a format specifier, in case the variable contains an actual
+#     printf with a format;
+#
+#   - finally, $(sep) is replaced with the literal '\n' so that make does
+#     not break on the so-expanded variable, but so that the printf does
+#     correctly output an LF.
+#
+# Note: this must be escaped in this order to avoid over-escaping the
+# previously escaped elements.
+#
+# Once everything has been escaped, it is passed between single quotes
+# (that's why the single-quotes are escaped they way they are, above,
+# and why the dollar sign is not escaped) to printf(1). A trailing
+# newline is apended, too.
+#
+# Note: leading or trailing spaces are *not* stripped.
+#
+define PRINTF
+	printf '$(subst $(sep),\n,\
+		$(subst $(PERCENT),$(PERCENT)$(PERCENT),\
+			$(subst $(QUOTE),$(QUOTE)\$(QUOTE)$(QUOTE),\
+				$(subst \,\\,$(1)))))\n'
+endef