From patchwork Fri Jan 21 14:22:55 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= X-Patchwork-Id: 1582594 Return-Path: X-Original-To: incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: patchwork-incoming@bilbo.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: bilbo.ozlabs.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=k20201202 header.b=GkAZx8DD; dkim-atps=neutral Authentication-Results: ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=vger.kernel.org (client-ip=23.128.96.18; helo=vger.kernel.org; envelope-from=linux-pci-owner@vger.kernel.org; receiver=) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by bilbo.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4JgM7f6NSVz9t3b for ; Sat, 22 Jan 2022 01:23:58 +1100 (AEDT) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S235440AbiAUOX4 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:56 -0500 Received: from dfw.source.kernel.org ([139.178.84.217]:58862 "EHLO dfw.source.kernel.org" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S232297AbiAUOX4 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:56 -0500 Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by dfw.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id E454B6160D for ; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:55 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 2BA68C340E3; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:55 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1642775035; bh=Klw5dhSRcs51iQIRsovc8n92re/IQSrM3/hD0WnxPeM=; h=From:To:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=GkAZx8DDrOjCjZNZPxP1oBL5H2Z2F2uj0+l90RTomQYmoE9s/6m5+nF8yw53UkS32 YnoPpT6Ki6OeZlV3fgpYqNzcYIDPLjhNOBK0OJeRKVecEJJHcu+k4804QbS6oFIH4z GUivGG15EvgPTEmEzgeWZTHZeARuUaJKHi2FqrriKaiX89+gYHpLOb9FdnQ3jrG9Or LnaOvXdRPq4aGbGnUxaRW92lN3oQnw3TyYGDd1xAQcnS3USvDcT+9OPzGq1kAVt70p LHE2kzOJgO25UEqxOUXN5iZFioirvisy1xr6QJkPir3y+AThu3feMreVyJFRxdLo1C xMVh94cHnVrSg== Received: by pali.im (Postfix) id 1AEACB8A; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:23:53 +0100 (CET) From: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= To: Martin Mares , Bjorn Helgaas , =?utf-8?q?Krzysztof_Wilczy=C5=84ski?= , Matthew Wilcox , linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH pciutils 1/4] libpci: Add new option PCI_FILL_PARENT Date: Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:22:55 +0100 Message-Id: <20220121142258.28170-2-pali@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.20.1 In-Reply-To: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> References: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org This change extends libpci and allows providers to fill parent pci_dev. This is useful to retrieve topology as it is reported by the system itself. --- lib/pci.h | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/lib/pci.h b/lib/pci.h index c13387e2b4b1..de031f7a416b 100644 --- a/lib/pci.h +++ b/lib/pci.h @@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ struct pci_dev { u8 prog_if; /* Programming interface for device_class */ u8 rev_id; /* Revision id */ u16 subsys_vendor_id, subsys_id; /* Subsystem vendor id and subsystem id */ + struct pci_dev *parent; /* Parent device */ /* Fields used internally */ struct pci_access *access; @@ -217,6 +218,7 @@ char *pci_get_string_property(struct pci_dev *d, u32 prop) PCI_ABI; #define PCI_FILL_REVID 0x00040000 #define PCI_FILL_SUBSYS 0x00080000 #define PCI_FILL_DRIVER 0x00100000 +#define PCI_FILL_PARENT 0x00200000 void pci_setup_cache(struct pci_dev *, u8 *cache, int len) PCI_ABI; From patchwork Fri Jan 21 14:22:56 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= X-Patchwork-Id: 1582598 Return-Path: X-Original-To: incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: patchwork-incoming@bilbo.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: bilbo.ozlabs.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=k20201202 header.b=TY3+IsnS; dkim-atps=neutral Authentication-Results: ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=vger.kernel.org (client-ip=23.128.96.18; helo=vger.kernel.org; envelope-from=linux-pci-owner@vger.kernel.org; receiver=) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by bilbo.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4JgM7h1vvKz9t3b for ; Sat, 22 Jan 2022 01:24:00 +1100 (AEDT) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1350657AbiAUOX7 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:59 -0500 Received: from ams.source.kernel.org ([145.40.68.75]:55140 "EHLO ams.source.kernel.org" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1350730AbiAUOX6 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:58 -0500 Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ams.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8B94FB81FF8 for ; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:57 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 2CC75C340E1; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:56 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1642775036; bh=7WrJz6dlTRk2aHPY75u60v8JhqO+CiYno/zQsi8r9jc=; h=From:To:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=TY3+IsnSiEehTLocCtVG2joPKuXI1U/OS5fL8ljGzLssY87Jy6h48ccWCKS96dSya 0/grcFSLEqEVzyvQqTv+xwOLunbXeB8OwwNrOGFqQnrHxdNjmYgufUhsrNPeJSwN7L obZNjhFGEggh8SEyCBfL7aLd/xKV3xQaLm1LF5gjojRrMxUyrkSsh0FThWFaIeCNvr 3T6/8TKoc+uy+T6z2FnyIWODtuvN/aFviQBID1KAbFUjzwAEXg5ETgYRqaocDqaCa5 lgsiHbJqj33vxUhkNwzRa+pBFkPyo6j81ewcp8rLWB5FODgKEXsYRRtUcB0HkmtFbq nwzKuFTOIQByg== Received: by pali.im (Postfix) id 19D52C83; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:23:54 +0100 (CET) From: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= To: Martin Mares , Bjorn Helgaas , =?utf-8?q?Krzysztof_Wilczy=C5=84ski?= , Matthew Wilcox , linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH pciutils 2/4] libpci: sysfs: Implement support for PCI_FILL_PARENT Date: Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:22:56 +0100 Message-Id: <20220121142258.28170-3-pali@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.20.1 In-Reply-To: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> References: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org --- lib/sysfs.c | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+) diff --git a/lib/sysfs.c b/lib/sysfs.c index 0dbd127ff53b..1db1b1a7752b 100644 --- a/lib/sysfs.c +++ b/lib/sysfs.c @@ -390,6 +390,37 @@ sysfs_fill_info(struct pci_dev *d, unsigned int flags) { done |= sysfs_get_resources(d); } + if (flags & PCI_FILL_PARENT) + { + unsigned int domain, bus, dev, func; + char *path_abs, *path_canon, *name; + char path_rel[OBJNAMELEN]; + struct pci_dev *parent; + + /* Construct sysfs path for parent device */ + sysfs_obj_name(d, "..", path_rel); + path_abs = realpath(path_rel, NULL); + name = path_abs ? strrchr(path_abs, '/') : NULL; + name = name ? name+1 : name; + parent = NULL; + + if (name && sscanf(name, "%x:%x:%x.%d", &domain, &bus, &dev, &func) == 4 && domain <= 0x7fffffff) + for (parent = d->access->devices; parent; parent = parent->next) + if (parent->domain == (int)domain && parent->bus == bus && parent->dev == dev && parent->func == func) + break; + + if (parent) + { + /* Check if parsed BDF address from parent sysfs device is really expected PCI device */ + sysfs_obj_name(parent, ".", path_rel); + path_canon = realpath(path_rel, NULL); + if (path_canon && strcmp(path_canon, path_abs) == 0) + { + d->parent = parent; + done |= PCI_FILL_PARENT; + } + } + } } if (flags & PCI_FILL_PHYS_SLOT) From patchwork Fri Jan 21 14:22:57 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= X-Patchwork-Id: 1582595 Return-Path: X-Original-To: incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: patchwork-incoming@bilbo.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: bilbo.ozlabs.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=k20201202 header.b=KR+RXWiZ; dkim-atps=neutral Authentication-Results: ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=vger.kernel.org (client-ip=23.128.96.18; helo=vger.kernel.org; envelope-from=linux-pci-owner@vger.kernel.org; receiver=) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by bilbo.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4JgM7g1dT1z9t56 for ; Sat, 22 Jan 2022 01:23:59 +1100 (AEDT) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S232297AbiAUOX5 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:57 -0500 Received: from dfw.source.kernel.org ([139.178.84.217]:58864 "EHLO dfw.source.kernel.org" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1348447AbiAUOX4 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:56 -0500 Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by dfw.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6906D6177B for ; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:56 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 7A536C340E4; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:55 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1642775035; bh=/rRXL3o6paA/dIKr32VMbOl5DpJyeuJvD3889oiPYps=; h=From:To:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=KR+RXWiZYDGHX5zjua6l4va4rKIpi7xF1xCp2+VZeu2P1c1HVLV2hv7yxnB2zImCs 0Fm5SVhEuC6SaRi5T8FpvPOICBGXifAQZVuO5oFrp3sUmuGoV5kCw+tWWoLEkn9+yb JINKalMBcvfqCsV2xJe1BU0B7fnoN99C+dDu88iGG+Y7YgfZkAXN1VfF8mSawFWFuZ rWt0JE5ldY52ziAVpul15MFWfNCicjfTXGVR9P2d7SiQ17iYulzjpHCZS8+atHz0xC YsPeW9u1yKmn4zTC4hlZLtb99/VWnGeQtjeqNWdpMIzYwR2TBj78tymDFqptW5SmCh o20QeXyxtqaDQ== Received: by pali.im (Postfix) id 31D73857; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:23:55 +0100 (CET) From: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= To: Martin Mares , Bjorn Helgaas , =?utf-8?q?Krzysztof_Wilczy=C5=84ski?= , Matthew Wilcox , linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH pciutils 3/4] lspci: Build tree based on PCI_FILL_PARENT information Date: Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:22:57 +0100 Message-Id: <20220121142258.28170-4-pali@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.20.1 In-Reply-To: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> References: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Topology reported by system (libpci provider) may be different from topology built based on primary/secondary/subordinate numbers from PCI bridges by lspci. This happens for example when some non-compliant PCI-to-PCI bridge with Type 0 header (e.g. Marvell one) is available in the system. So add additional edges reported by libpci when building tree in lspci. --- ls-tree.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- lspci.c | 2 +- 2 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/ls-tree.c b/ls-tree.c index aaa1ee99d9f2..fede581156e4 100644 --- a/ls-tree.c +++ b/ls-tree.c @@ -25,6 +25,19 @@ find_bus(struct bridge *b, unsigned int domain, unsigned int n) return bus; } +static struct device * +find_device(struct pci_dev *dd) +{ + struct device *d; + + if (!dd) + return NULL; + for (d=first_dev; d; d=d->next) + if (d->dev == dd) + break; + return d; +} + static struct bus * new_bus(struct bridge *b, unsigned int domain, unsigned int n) { @@ -47,9 +60,20 @@ static void insert_dev(struct device *d, struct bridge *b) { struct pci_dev *p = d->dev; - struct bus *bus; + struct device *parent = NULL; + struct bus *bus = NULL; + + if (p->known_fields & PCI_FILL_PARENT) + parent = find_device(p->parent); - if (! (bus = find_bus(b, p->domain, p->bus))) + if (parent && parent->bridge) + { + bus = parent->bridge->first_bus; + if (!bus) + bus = new_bus(parent->bridge, p->domain, p->bus); + } + + if (!bus && ! (bus = find_bus(b, p->domain, p->bus))) { struct bridge *c; for (c=b->child; c; c=c->next) @@ -113,14 +137,47 @@ grow_tree(void) b->primary, b->secondary, b->subordinate); } } + + /* Append additional bridges reported by libpci via d->parent */ + + for (d=first_dev; d; d=d->next) + { + struct device *parent = NULL; + if (d->dev->known_fields & PCI_FILL_PARENT) + parent = find_device(d->dev->parent); + if (!parent || parent->bridge) + continue; + b = xmalloc(sizeof(struct bridge)); + b->domain = parent->dev->domain; + b->primary = parent->dev->bus; + b->secondary = d->dev->bus; + /* At this stage subordinate number is unknown, so set it to secondary bus number. */ + b->subordinate = b->secondary; + *last_br = b; + last_br = &b->chain; + b->next = b->child = NULL; + b->first_bus = NULL; + b->last_bus = NULL; + b->br_dev = parent; + parent->bridge = b; + pacc->debug("Tree: bridge %04x:%02x:%02x.%d\n", b->domain, + parent->dev->bus, parent->dev->dev, parent->dev->func); + } *last_br = NULL; /* Create a bridge tree */ for (b=&host_bridge; b; b=b->chain) { - struct bridge *c, *best; - best = NULL; + struct device *br_dev = b->br_dev; + struct bridge *c, *best = NULL; + struct device *parent = NULL; + + if (br_dev && (br_dev->dev->known_fields & PCI_FILL_PARENT)) + parent = find_device(br_dev->dev->parent); + if (parent) + best = parent->bridge; + if (!best) for (c=&host_bridge; c; c=c->chain) if (c != b && (c == &host_bridge || b->domain == c->domain) && b->primary >= c->secondary && b->primary <= c->subordinate && diff --git a/lspci.c b/lspci.c index c4e6c93bc67a..b18ccba89049 100644 --- a/lspci.c +++ b/lspci.c @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ scan_device(struct pci_dev *p) d->config_cached += 64; } pci_setup_cache(p, d->config, d->config_cached); - pci_fill_info(p, PCI_FILL_IDENT | PCI_FILL_CLASS | PCI_FILL_PROGIF | PCI_FILL_REVID | PCI_FILL_SUBSYS); + pci_fill_info(p, PCI_FILL_IDENT | PCI_FILL_CLASS | PCI_FILL_PROGIF | PCI_FILL_REVID | PCI_FILL_SUBSYS | (need_topology ? PCI_FILL_PARENT : 0)); return d; } From patchwork Fri Jan 21 14:22:58 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= X-Patchwork-Id: 1582597 Return-Path: X-Original-To: incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: patchwork-incoming@bilbo.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: bilbo.ozlabs.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=k20201202 header.b=YmI9p9YH; dkim-atps=neutral Authentication-Results: ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=vger.kernel.org (client-ip=23.128.96.18; helo=vger.kernel.org; envelope-from=linux-pci-owner@vger.kernel.org; receiver=) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by bilbo.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4JgM7g6fWYz9t56 for ; Sat, 22 Jan 2022 01:23:59 +1100 (AEDT) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1350792AbiAUOX6 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:58 -0500 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:43028 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1350657AbiAUOX6 (ORCPT ); Fri, 21 Jan 2022 09:23:58 -0500 Received: from dfw.source.kernel.org (dfw.source.kernel.org [IPv6:2604:1380:4641:c500::1]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BFC3DC06173B for ; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 06:23:57 -0800 (PST) Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by dfw.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6886F61348 for ; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:57 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id B304BC340EA; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 14:23:56 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1642775036; bh=uYhY1xO6bt5KgpSsQlYQZMVvnFbEIGRLfU6nay64No8=; h=From:To:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=YmI9p9YHP1dqG9RPOZ5akTceWujJGlzz9lyoFzsLClOB6hF1Ie8pVoCfY5vPBvo4U pIfJV8TD4pa+LFQSpbXSBxoqOo4vofWy+543wRl5k8086AXjBddA8CfcIpD43yoXwS lyNruK4/KGnBjRAxzz0R1PBGn9KrRJ3q3wbuXfx3tL7audBD9Ddl8cWx3wwmWPvgq5 xJUr2N+eGze4NFILjdo/JO273cOnUfosHKXJf5DTPGsPvvat8E5UdBrFRei8Tza08T E1N/1lMOBbJRXQgGFzU6YEvzXp4hN9ifmiHq/22Ca494yPwwjdfds3NWzRllI55xhV zcXyMgrsl07UQ== Received: by pali.im (Postfix) id 6C0BD857; Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:23:56 +0100 (CET) From: =?utf-8?q?Pali_Roh=C3=A1r?= To: Martin Mares , Bjorn Helgaas , =?utf-8?q?Krzysztof_Wilczy=C5=84ski?= , Matthew Wilcox , linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH pciutils 4/4] lspci: Do not show -[00]- bus in tree output Date: Fri, 21 Jan 2022 15:22:58 +0100 Message-Id: <20220121142258.28170-5-pali@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.20.1 In-Reply-To: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> References: <20220121142258.28170-1-pali@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Secondary or subordinate bus cannot be zero. Zero value could indicate either invalid secondary bus value or the fact that secondary bus value was not filled or indicates non-compliant PCI-to-PCI bridge. This change makes tree output better readable when bus numbers are not known or not provided. --- ls-tree.c | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/ls-tree.c b/ls-tree.c index fede581156e4..f8154a2b034a 100644 --- a/ls-tree.c +++ b/ls-tree.c @@ -258,7 +258,9 @@ show_tree_dev(struct device *d, char *line, char *p) for (b=&host_bridge; b; b=b->chain) if (b->br_dev == d) { - if (b->secondary == b->subordinate) + if (b->secondary == 0) + p = tree_printf(line, p, "-"); + else if (b->secondary == b->subordinate) p = tree_printf(line, p, "-[%02x]-", b->secondary); else p = tree_printf(line, p, "-[%02x-%02x]-", b->secondary, b->subordinate);