@@ -1832,6 +1832,7 @@ struct file_system_type {
struct lock_class_key i_lock_key;
struct lock_class_key i_mutex_key;
struct lock_class_key i_mutex_dir_key;
+ struct lock_class_key i_security_lock_key;
};
#define MODULE_ALIAS_FS(NAME) MODULE_ALIAS("fs-" NAME) diff --git a/security/selinux/hooks.c b/security/selinux/hooks.c index 4b34847..bc0c1fc 100644
@@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ static int inode_alloc_security(struct inode *inode)
return -ENOMEM;
mutex_init(&isec->lock);
+ lockdep_set_class(&isec->lock,
+ &inode->i_sb->s_type->i_security_lock_key);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&isec->list);
isec->inode = inode;
isec->sid = SECINITSID_UNLABELED;
Dear Marc The dead lock warning issue we already fix. But test this security.* xattr patch, we found this problem: After enable SELINUX If we call getxattr("/system/bin/test", XATTR_NAME_SELINUX, NULL, 0), the return value is large than 0; But if we call getxattr("/system/bin/test", XATTR_NAME_CAPS, NULL, 0), it will has errno with ENODATA It seems like not support security.capability? Thanks Best regards. - Kun Chen (陈昆) -----邮件原件----- 发件人: Marc Kleine-Budde [mailto:mkl@pengutronix.de] 发送时间: 2014年2月15日 18:11 收件人: Kun Chen (陈昆); artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com 抄送: Linger Lee (李界鋒); linux-mtd 主题: Re: 答复: [PATCH 6/6] selinux: do not confuse lockdep On 02/15/2014 07:55 AM, Kun Chen (陈昆) wrote: > In our platform, we apply the xattr patch and get this lock warning > which same as you described in > http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-mtd/2013-February/045818.ht > ml > > Does this lock warning already has patch now? Taking this discussion to the linux-mtd list. Have you applied the whole series I've send you? Look at the end of this mail for the patch. Marc > > Our lock warning message: > > [ 18.069796]-(1)[1:init]------------------------------------------------------- > [ 18.070697]-(1)[1:init]init/1 is trying to acquire lock: > [ 18.071358]-(1)[1:init] (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#7){+.+...}, at: [<c02a6dd4>] ubifs_init_security+0x34/0x6c > [ 18.072583]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.072587]-(1)[1:init]but task is already holding lock: > [ 18.073548]-(1)[1:init] (&ui->ui_mutex){+.+...}, at: [<c027a894>] ubifs_mkdir+0xb4/0x224 > [ 18.074557]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.074561]-(1)[1:init]which lock already depends on the new lock. > [ 18.074567]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.075935]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.075939]-(1)[1:init]the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: > [ 18.077107]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.077111]-(1)[1:init]-> #1 (&ui->ui_mutex){+.+...}: > [ 18.078039]-(1)[1:init] [<c00d2b10>] __lock_acquire+0x1518/0x1b1c > [ 18.078863]-(1)[1:init] [<c00d36b8>] lock_acquire+0xac/0x14c > [ 18.079634]-(1)[1:init] [<c0836928>] mutex_lock_nested+0x6c/0x560 > [ 18.080458]-(1)[1:init] [<c0277de4>] ubifs_setattr+0xf8/0x408 > [ 18.081238]-(1)[1:init] [<c019c94c>] notify_change+0x1fc/0x31c > [ 18.082030]-(1)[1:init] [<c017f1dc>] chmod_common+0x70/0x90 > [ 18.082789]-(1)[1:init] [<c017fdac>] sys_fchmodat+0x3c/0x54 > [ 18.083549]-(1)[1:init] [<c017fdec>] sys_chmod+0x28/0x2c > [ 18.084275]-(1)[1:init] [<c000e480>] ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x40 > [ 18.085068]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.085072]-(1)[1:init]-> #0 (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#7){+.+...}: > [ 18.086141]-(1)[1:init] [<c082b3a8>] print_circular_bug+0x68/0x2c4 > [ 18.086976]-(1)[1:init] [<c00d2bac>] __lock_acquire+0x15b4/0x1b1c > [ 18.087800]-(1)[1:init] [<c00d36b8>] lock_acquire+0xac/0x14c > [ 18.088571]-(1)[1:init] [<c0836928>] mutex_lock_nested+0x6c/0x560 > [ 18.089395]-(1)[1:init] [<c02a6dd4>] ubifs_init_security+0x34/0x6c > [ 18.090230]-(1)[1:init] [<c027a930>] ubifs_mkdir+0x150/0x224 > [ 18.091000]-(1)[1:init] [<c018d128>] vfs_mkdir+0xc8/0x144 > [ 18.091737]-(1)[1:init] [<c0191330>] sys_mkdirat+0xb8/0xc8 > [ 18.092486]-(1)[1:init] [<c0191368>] sys_mkdir+0x28/0x2c > [ 18.093213]-(1)[1:init] [<c000e480>] ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x40 > [ 18.094005]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.094009]-(1)[1:init]other info that might help us debug this: > [ 18.094015]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.095362]-(1)[1:init] Possible unsafe locking scenario: > [ 18.095367]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.096338]-(1)[1:init] CPU0 CPU1 > [ 18.097021]-(1)[1:init] ---- ---- > [ 18.097704]-(1)[1:init] lock(&ui->ui_mutex); > [ 18.098247]-(1)[1:init] lock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#7); > [ 18.099244]-(1)[1:init] lock(&ui->ui_mutex); > [ 18.100101]-(1)[1:init] lock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#7); > [ 18.100784]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.100789]-(1)[1:init] *** DEADLOCK *** > [ 18.100794]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.101882]-(1)[1:init][Caution!] init/1 is runable state > [ 18.102555]-(1)[1:init]2 locks held by init/1: > [ 18.103106]-(1)[1:init] #0: (&type->i_mutex_dir_key#3/1){+.+.+.}, at: [<c018fd7c>] kern_path_create+0x74/0xfc > [ 18.104353]-(1)[1:init] #1: (&ui->ui_mutex){+.+...}, at: [<c027a894>] ubifs_mkdir+0xb4/0x224 > [ 18.105416]-(1)[1:init] > [ 18.105420]-(1)[1:init]stack backtrace: > [ 18.106196]-(1)[1:init]Backtrace: > [ 18.106633]-(1)[1:init][<c0012848>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x114) from [<c082a18c>] (dump_stack+0x20/0x24) > [ 18.107802]-(1)[1:init] r6:c0e8e244 r5:c0e8e134 r4:c0e8e244 r3:271ae95f > [ 18.108636]-(1)[1:init][<c082a16c>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x24) from [<c082b5b4>] (print_circular_bug+0x274/0x2c4) > [ 18.109871]-(1)[1:init][<c082b340>] (print_circular_bug+0x0/0x2c4) from [<c00d2bac>] (__lock_acquire+0x15b4/0x1b1c) > [ 18.111183]-(1)[1:init][<c00d15f8>] (__lock_acquire+0x0/0x1b1c) from [<c00d36b8>] (lock_acquire+0xac/0x14c) > [ 18.112408]-(1)[1:init][<c00d360c>] (lock_acquire+0x0/0x14c) from [<c0836928>] (mutex_lock_nested+0x6c/0x560) > [ 18.113655]-(1)[1:init][<c08368bc>] (mutex_lock_nested+0x0/0x560) from [<c02a6dd4>] (ubifs_init_security+0x34/0x6c) > [ 18.114966]-(1)[1:init][<c02a6da0>] (ubifs_init_security+0x0/0x6c) from [<c027a930>] (ubifs_mkdir+0x150/0x224) > [ 18.116211]-(1)[1:init] r7:dcf12000 r6:dc1edb10 r5:df861ef4 r4:dbfe1b10 > [ 18.117046]-(1)[1:init][<c027a7e0>] (ubifs_mkdir+0x0/0x224) from [<c018d128>] (vfs_mkdir+0xc8/0x144) > [ 18.118192]-(1)[1:init][<c018d060>] (vfs_mkdir+0x0/0x144) from [<c0191330>] (sys_mkdirat+0xb8/0xc8) > [ 18.119317]-(1)[1:init] r8:c000e704 r7:00000027 r6:000001f8 r5:00000000 r4:dbfe4150 > [ 18.120283]-(1)[1:init][<c0191278>] (sys_mkdirat+0x0/0xc8) from [<c0191368>] (sys_mkdir+0x28/0x2c) > [ 18.121396]-(1)[1:init] r6:00000005 r5:0004f7c4 r4:000001f8 > [ 18.122102]-(1)[1:init][<c0191340>] (sys_mkdir+0x0/0x2c) from [<c000e480>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x40) > Best regards. > > - Kun Chen (陈昆) > > -----邮件原件----- > 发件人: Marc Kleine-Budde [mailto:mkl@pengutronix.de] > 发送时间: 2014年2月14日 21:49 > 收件人: artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com > 抄送: Kun Chen (陈昆) > 主题: Re: [PATCH 6/6] selinux: do not confuse lockdep > > On 02/14/2014 02:41 PM, Artem Bityutskiy wrote: >> On Fri, 2014-02-14 at 11:50 +0100, Marc Kleine-Budde wrote: >>> From: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> >>> >>> Selinux has per-inode mutexes called 'isec->lock', and they are >>> initialized in the same place, which makes lockdep treat all of the >>> them as if they were identical. However, locking rules may be a >>> little bit different depending on the file-system, so we should put >>> these locks to separate classes, just like we do for 'i_mutex'. >>> Namely, we should put them to per-FS type classes, which is exactly what this patch does. >>> >>> The problem this patch intends to fix is a strange lockdep warning, >>> which I, frankly speaking, do not really understand, but I believe >>> the root-cause should be fixed by this patch. >> >> I wonder, why this patch is not in upstream? Does it work, BTW? :-) >> You could try to re-send it to selinux maintainers. > > $customer changes priorities, no time to test. But I hope Kun Chen can take over. > > Marc > From 10270a6b9899790ead4cc8d44c41cc1dc9dc5087 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2013 09:07:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] selinux: do not confuse lockdep Selinux has per-inode mutexes called 'isec->lock', and they are initialized in the same place, which makes lockdep treat all of the them as if they were identical. However, locking rules may be a little bit different depending on the file-system, so we should put these locks to separate classes, just like we do for 'i_mutex'. Namely, we should put them to per-FS type classes, which is exactly what this patch does. The problem this patch intends to fix is a strange lockdep warning, which I, frankly speaking, do not really understand, but I believe the root-cause should be fixed by this patch. Look at the stacktrace #4: here we have 'debugfs_create_dir()' [ 5.390312] ====================================================== [ 5.396500] [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] [ 5.402781] 3.8.0-rc6-00005-g4f7e39d #49 Not tainted [ 5.407750] ------------------------------------------------------- [ 5.414031] systemd/1 is trying to acquire lock: [ 5.418656] (&c->tnc_mutex){+.+...}, at: [<c01552d0>] ubifs_tnc_locate+0x30/0x198 [ 5.426343] [ 5.426343] but task is already holding lock: [ 5.432218] (&isec->lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<c018e298>] inode_doinit_with_dentry+0x8c/0x55c [ 5.440375] [ 5.440375] which lock already depends on the new lock. [ 5.440375] [ 5.448593] [ 5.448593] the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: [ 5.456093] -> #4 (&isec->lock){+.+.+.}: [ 5.460250] [<c004e8e8>] lock_acquire+0x64/0x78 [ 5.465437] [<c0355d5c>] mutex_lock_nested+0x5c/0x2ec [ 5.471125] [<c018e298>] inode_doinit_with_dentry+0x8c/0x55c [ 5.477437] [<c0189bd8>] security_d_instantiate+0x1c/0x34 [ 5.483500] [<c017a614>] debugfs_mknod.part.15.constprop.18+0x94/0x128 [ 5.490656] [<c017a858>] __create_file+0x1b0/0x25c [ 5.496093] [<c017a98c>] debugfs_create_dir+0x1c/0x28 [ 5.501781] [<c0491ce8>] pinctrl_init+0x1c/0xd0 [ 5.506968] [<c0008900>] do_one_initcall+0x108/0x17c [ 5.512593] [<c0483858>] kernel_init_freeable+0xec/0x1b4 [ 5.518562] [<c034f398>] kernel_init+0x8/0xe4 [ 5.523562] [<c0009448>] ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c [ 5.528812] -> #3 (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#2){+.+.+.}: [ 5.534312] [<c004e8e8>] lock_acquire+0x64/0x78 [ 5.539468] [<c0355d5c>] mutex_lock_nested+0x5c/0x2ec [ 5.545187] [<c017a6f8>] __create_file+0x50/0x25c [ 5.550531] [<c017a98c>] debugfs_create_dir+0x1c/0x28 [ 5.556218] [<c026cfc4>] clk_debug_create_subtree+0x1c/0x108 [ 5.562500] [<c0495bfc>] clk_debug_init+0x68/0xc0 [ 5.567875] [<c0008900>] do_one_initcall+0x108/0x17c [ 5.573468] [<c0483858>] kernel_init_freeable+0xec/0x1b4 [ 5.579437] [<c034f398>] kernel_init+0x8/0xe4 [ 5.584437] [<c0009448>] ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c [ 5.589687] -> #2 (prepare_lock){+.+.+.}: [ 5.593937] [<c004e8e8>] lock_acquire+0x64/0x78 [ 5.599125] [<c0355d5c>] mutex_lock_nested+0x5c/0x2ec [ 5.604812] [<c026d400>] clk_prepare+0x18/0x38 [ 5.609906] [<c023a2f8>] __gpmi_enable_clk+0x30/0xb0 [ 5.615531] [<c023a7bc>] gpmi_begin+0x18/0x530 [ 5.620625] [<c0239244>] gpmi_select_chip+0x3c/0x54 [ 5.626156] [<c02341ac>] nand_do_read_ops+0x7c/0x3e4 [ 5.631750] [<c023483c>] nand_read+0x50/0x74 [ 5.636656] [<c02198e4>] part_read+0x5c/0xa4 [ 5.641593] [<c0217404>] mtd_read+0x84/0xb8 [ 5.646406] [<c02450cc>] ubi_io_read+0xa0/0x2c0 [ 5.651593] [<c0242640>] ubi_eba_read_leb+0x190/0x424 [ 5.657281] [<c0241b18>] ubi_leb_read+0xac/0x120 [ 5.662562] [<c01503e4>] ubifs_leb_read+0x28/0x8c [ 5.667906] [<c0151f74>] ubifs_read_node+0x98/0x2a0 [ 5.673437] [<c014e780>] ubifs_read_sb_node+0x54/0x78 [ 5.679125] [<c014f444>] ubifs_read_superblock+0xc60/0x163c [ 5.685343] [<c014d64c>] ubifs_mount+0x800/0x171c [ 5.690687] [<c00b5740>] mount_fs+0x44/0x184 [ 5.695593] [<c00cd7ec>] vfs_kern_mount+0x4c/0xc0 [ 5.700968] [<c00cf394>] do_mount+0x18c/0x8d0 [ 5.705968] [<c00cfb5c>] sys_mount+0x84/0xb8 [ 5.710875] [<c0483bc8>] mount_block_root+0x118/0x258 [ 5.716562] [<c0483eac>] prepare_namespace+0x8c/0x17c [ 5.722281] [<c034f398>] kernel_init+0x8/0xe4 [ 5.727281] [<c0009448>] ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c [ 5.732531] -> #1 (&le->mutex){++++..}: [ 5.736625] [<c004e8e8>] lock_acquire+0x64/0x78 [ 5.741812] [<c0356468>] down_read+0x40/0x54 [ 5.746718] [<c02424e4>] ubi_eba_read_leb+0x34/0x424 [ 5.752312] [<c0241b18>] ubi_leb_read+0xac/0x120 [ 5.757562] [<c01503e4>] ubifs_leb_read+0x28/0x8c [ 5.762937] [<c0151f74>] ubifs_read_node+0x98/0x2a0 [ 5.768437] [<c016edc0>] ubifs_load_znode+0x88/0x560 [ 5.774062] [<c0155254>] ubifs_lookup_level0+0x190/0x1dc [ 5.780031] [<c01552e4>] ubifs_tnc_locate+0x44/0x198 [ 5.785656] [<c014c614>] ubifs_iget+0x6c/0x8a4 [ 5.790718] [<c014da64>] ubifs_mount+0xc18/0x171c [ 5.796093] [<c00b5740>] mount_fs+0x44/0x184 [ 5.801000] [<c00cd7ec>] vfs_kern_mount+0x4c/0xc0 [ 5.806343] [<c00cf394>] do_mount+0x18c/0x8d0 [ 5.811343] [<c00cfb5c>] sys_mount+0x84/0xb8 [ 5.816250] [<c0483bc8>] mount_block_root+0x118/0x258 [ 5.821968] [<c0483eac>] prepare_namespace+0x8c/0x17c [ 5.827656] [<c034f398>] kernel_init+0x8/0xe4 [ 5.832656] [<c0009448>] ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c [ 5.837906] -> #0 (&c->tnc_mutex){+.+...}: [ 5.842250] [<c004de48>] __lock_acquire+0x14ec/0x1b08 [ 5.847968] [<c004e8e8>] lock_acquire+0x64/0x78 [ 5.853125] [<c0355d5c>] mutex_lock_nested+0x5c/0x2ec [ 5.858812] [<c01552d0>] ubifs_tnc_locate+0x30/0x198 [ 5.864437] [<c0155a48>] ubifs_tnc_lookup_nm+0x28/0x150 [ 5.870312] [<c016fc18>] ubifs_getxattr+0xc0/0x254 [ 5.875750] [<c018e468>] inode_doinit_with_dentry+0x25c/0x55c [ 5.882125] [<c018f1a8>] sb_finish_set_opts+0xa4/0x21c [ 5.887906] [<c019055c>] selinux_set_mnt_opts+0x2ec/0x4b8 [ 5.893968] [<c01907dc>] superblock_doinit+0xb4/0xc0 [ 5.899562] [<c00b51f4>] iterate_supers+0xb4/0xdc [ 5.904906] [<c01a02e8>] security_load_policy+0x248/0x3c4 [ 5.910968] [<c0194994>] sel_write_load+0x9c/0x6a0 [ 5.916406] [<c00b2148>] vfs_write+0xa0/0x17c [ 5.921406] [<c00b2450>] sys_write+0x3c/0x70 [ 5.926343] [<c00093a0>] ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x38 [ 5.931781] [ 5.931781] other info that might help us debug this: [ 5.931781] [ 5.939781] Chain exists of: &c->tnc_mutex --> &sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#2 --> &isec->lock [ 5.948500] Possible unsafe locking scenario: [ 5.948500] [ 5.954437] CPU0 CPU1 [ 5.958968] ---- ---- [ 5.963500] lock(&isec->lock); [ 5.966781] lock(&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#2); [ 5.973843] lock(&isec->lock); [ 5.979625] lock(&c->tnc_mutex); [ 5.983062] [ 5.983062] *** DEADLOCK *** [ 5.983062] [ 5.989000] 4 locks held by systemd/1: [ 5.992781] #0: (sel_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<c0194918>] sel_write_load+0x20/0x6a0 [ 6.000343] #1: (&type->s_umount_key#26){.+.+..}, at: [<c00b51d0>] iterate_supers+0x90/0xdc [ 6.008968] #2: (&sbsec->lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<c01902d4>] selinux_set_mnt_opts+0x64/0x4b8 [ 6.017343] #3: (&isec->lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<c018e298>] inode_doinit_with_dentry+0x8c/0x55c [ 6.025937] [ 6.025937] stack backtrace: [ 6.030375] [<c000d0f0>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xf0) from [<c0351a2c>] (print_circular_bug+0x25c/0x2a8) [ 6.039843] [<c0351a2c>] (print_circular_bug+0x25c/0x2a8) from [<c004de48>] (__lock_acquire+0x14ec/0x1b08) [ 6.049531] [<c004de48>] (__lock_acquire+0x14ec/0x1b08) from [<c004e8e8>] (lock_acquire+0x64/0x78) [ 6.058531] [<c004e8e8>] (lock_acquire+0x64/0x78) from [<c0355d5c>] (mutex_lock_nested+0x5c/0x2ec) [ 6.067531] [<c0355d5c>] (mutex_lock_nested+0x5c/0x2ec) from [<c01552d0>] (ubifs_tnc_locate+0x30/0x198) [ 6.076968] [<c01552d0>] (ubifs_tnc_locate+0x30/0x198) from [<c0155a48>] (ubifs_tnc_lookup_nm+0x28/0x150) [ 6.086593] [<c0155a48>] (ubifs_tnc_lookup_nm+0x28/0x150) from [<c016fc18>] (ubifs_getxattr+0xc0/0x254) [ 6.096031] [<c016fc18>] (ubifs_getxattr+0xc0/0x254) from [<c018e468>] (inode_doinit_with_dentry+0x25c/0x55c) [ 6.105968] [<c018e468>] (inode_doinit_with_dentry+0x25c/0x55c) from [<c018f1a8>] (sb_finish_set_opts+0xa4/0x21c) [ 6.116281] [<c018f1a8>] (sb_finish_set_opts+0xa4/0x21c) from [<c019055c>] (selinux_set_mnt_opts+0x2ec/0x4b8) [ 6.126218] [<c019055c>] (selinux_set_mnt_opts+0x2ec/0x4b8) from [<c01907dc>] (superblock_doinit+0xb4/0xc0) [ 6.136000] [<c01907dc>] (superblock_doinit+0xb4/0xc0) from [<c00b51f4>] (iterate_supers+0xb4/0xdc) [ 6.145093] [<c00b51f4>] (iterate_supers+0xb4/0xdc) from [<c01a02e8>] (security_load_policy+0x248/0x3c4) [ 6.154625] [<c01a02e8>] (security_load_policy+0x248/0x3c4) from [<c0194994>] (sel_write_load+0x9c/0x6a0) [ 6.164218] [<c0194994>] (sel_write_load+0x9c/0x6a0) from [<c00b2148>] (vfs_write+0xa0/0x17c) [ 6.172781] [<c00b2148>] (vfs_write+0xa0/0x17c) from [<c00b2450>] (sys_write+0x3c/0x70) [ 6.180843] [<c00b2450>] (sys_write+0x3c/0x70) from [<c00093a0>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x38) Reported-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> --- include/linux/fs.h | 1 + security/selinux/hooks.c | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+) -- 1.8.5.3 -- Pengutronix e.K. | Marc Kleine-Budde | Industrial Linux Solutions | Phone: +49-231-2826-924 | Vertretung West/Dortmund | Fax: +49-5121-206917-5555 | Amtsgericht Hildesheim, HRA 2686 | http://www.pengutronix.de | ************* Email Confidentiality Notice ******************** The information contained in this e-mail message (including any attachments) may be confidential, proprietary, privileged, or otherwise exempt from disclosure under applicable laws. It is intended to be conveyed only to the designated recipient(s). Any use, dissemination, distribution, printing, retaining or copying of this e-mail (including its attachments) by unintended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you are not an intended recipient of this e-mail, or believe that you have received this e-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately (by replying to this e-mail), delete any and all copies of this e-mail (including any attachments) from your system, and do not disclose the content of this e-mail to any other person. Thank you!