new file mode 100644
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+.\" Copyright (C) 2022 Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
+.\"
+.TH printf.h 3head 2022-09-18 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
+.SH NAME
+printf.h,
+\%register_printf_specifier,
+\%register_printf_modifier,
+\%register_printf_type,
+\%printf_function,
+\%printf_arginfo_size_function,
+\%printf_va_arg_function,
+\%printf_info,
+\%PA_INT,
+\%PA_CHAR,
+\%PA_WCHAR,
+\%PA_STRING,
+\%PA_WSTRING,
+\%PA_POINTER,
+\%PA_FLOAT,
+\%PA_DOUBLE,
+\%PA_LAST,
+\%PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG,
+\%PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE,
+\%PA_FLAG_LONG,
+\%PA_FLAG_SHORT,
+\%PA_FLAG_PTR
+\- define custom behavior for printf-like functions
+.SH LIBRARY
+Standard C library
+.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include <printf.h>
+.PP
+.BI "int register_printf_specifier(int " spec ", printf_function " func ,
+.BI " printf_arginfo_size_function " arginfo );
+.BI "int register_printf_modifier(const wchar_t *" str );
+.BI "int register_printf_type(printf_va_arg_function " fct );
+.fi
+.SS Callbacks
+.nf
+.BI "typedef int printf_function(FILE *" stream ", const struct printf_info *" info ,
+.BI " const void *const " args []);
+.BI "typedef int printf_arginfo_size_function(const struct printf_info *" info ,
+.BI " size_t " n ", int " argtypes [ n "], int " size [ n ]);
+.BI "typedef void printf_va_arg_function(void *" mem ", va_list *" ap );
+.fi
+.SS Types
+.EX
+.B struct printf_info
+.B {
+.BR " int prec; " "// Precision"
+.BR " int width; " "// Width"
+.BR " wchar_t spec; " "// Format letter"
+.BR " unsigned int is_long_double:1;" "// " L " or " ll " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int is_short:1; " "// " h " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int is_long:1; " "// " l " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int alt:1; " "// " # " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int space:1; " "// Space flag"
+.BR " unsigned int left:1; " "// " - " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int showsign:1; " "// " + " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int group:1; " "// " ' " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int extra:1; " "// For special use"
+.BR " unsigned int is_char:1; " "// " hh " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int wide:1; " "// True for wide character streams"
+.BR " unsigned int i18n:1; " "// " I " flag"
+.BR " unsigned int is_binary128:1; " "/* Floating-point argument is"
+.BR " " " ABI-compatible with"
+.BR " " " IEC 60559 binary128 */"
+.BR " unsigned short user; " "// Bits for user-installed modifiers"
+.BR " wchar_t pad; " "// Padding character"
+.B };
+.EE
+.SS Constants
+.EX
+.B enum
+.BR "{ " "// C type:"
+.BR " PA_INT, " "// " int
+.BR " PA_CHAR, " "// " int ", cast to " char
+.BR " PA_WCHAR, " "// " wchar_t
+.BR " PA_STRING, " "// " "const char *" ", a " '\e0' "-terminated string"
+.BR " PA_WSTRING," "// " "const wchar_t *" ", wide character " L'\e0' "-terminated string"
+.BR " PA_POINTER," "// " "void *"
+.BR " PA_FLOAT, " "// " float
+.BR " PA_DOUBLE, " "// " double
+.BR " PA_LAST
+.B };
+.PP
+.BR "#define PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG " "/* ... */"
+.BR "#define PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE " "/* ... */"
+.BR "#define PA_FLAG_LONG " "/* ... */"
+.BR "#define PA_FLAG_SHORT " "/* ... */"
+.BR "#define PA_FLAG_PTR " "/* ... */"
+.EE
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+These functions serve to extend and/or modify the behavior of the
+.BR printf (3)
+family of functions.
+.SS register_printf_specifier()
+This function registers a custom conversion specifier for the
+.BR printf (3)
+family of functions.
+.TP
+.I spec
+The character which will be used as a conversion specifier in the format string.
+.TP
+.I func
+Callback function that will be executed by the
+.BR printf (3)
+family of functions
+to format the input arguments into the output
+.IR stream .
+.RS
+.TP
+.I stream
+Output stream where the formatted output should be printed.
+This stream transparently represents the output,
+even in the case of functions that write to a string.
+.TP
+.I info
+Structure that holds context information,
+including the modifiers specified in the format string.
+This holds the same contents as in
+.IR arginfo .
+.TP
+.I args
+Array of pointers to the arguments to the
+.BR printf (3)\c
+-like function.
+.RE
+.TP
+.I arginfo
+Callback function that will be executed by the
+.BR printf (3)
+family of functions
+to know how many arguments should be parsed for the custom specifier
+and also their types.
+.RS
+.TP
+.I info
+Structure that holds context information,
+including the modifiers specified in the format string.
+This holds the same contents as in
+.IR func .
+.TP
+.I n
+Number of arguments remaining to be parsed.
+.TP
+.I argtypes
+This array should be set to
+define the type of each of the arguments that will be parsed.
+Each element in the array represents one of the arguments to be parsed,
+in the same order that they are passed to the
+.BR printf (3)\c
+-like function.
+Each element should be set to a base type
+.RB ( PA_ *)
+from the enum above,
+or a custom one,
+and optionally ORed with an appropriate length modifier
+.RB ( PA_FLAG_ *).
+.TP
+.I size
+For user-defined types,
+the size of the type (in bytes) should also be specified through this array.
+Otherwise, leave it unused.
+.RE
+.PP
+.I arginfo
+is called before
+.IR func ,
+and prepares some information needed to call
+.IR func .
+.SS register_printf_modifier()
+TODO
+.SS register_printf_type()
+TODO
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+.BR \%register_printf_specifier (),
+.BR \%register_printf_modifier (),
+and
+.BR \%register_printf_type ()
+return zero on success, or \-1 on error.
+.SS Callbacks
+The callback of type
+.I printf_function
+should return the number of characters written,
+or \-1 on error.
+.PP
+The callback of type
+.I \%printf_arginfo_size_function
+should return the number of arguments to be parsed by this specifier.
+It also passes information about the type of those arguments
+to the caller through
+.IR argtypes .
+On error, it should return \-1.
+.SH ERRORS
+.TP
+.B EINVAL
+The specifier was not a valid character.
+.SH VERSIONS
+.BR \%register_printf_function (3)
+is an older function similar to
+.BR \%register_printf_specifier,
+and is now deprecated.
+That function can't handle user-defined types.
+.PP
+.BR \%register_printf_specifier ()
+superseeds
+.BR \%register_printf_function (3).
+.SH STANDARDS
+These nonstandard functions are present in glibc.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+The following example program registers the 'b' and 'B' specifiers
+to print integers in binary format,
+mirroring rules for other unsigned conversion specifiers like 'x' and 'u'.
+This can be used to print in binary prior to C23.
+.PP
+.\" SRC BEGIN (register_printf_specifier.c)
+.EX
+/* This code is in the public domain */
+
+#include <err.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+#include <printf.h>
+
+#define GROUP_SEP '_'
+
+struct Printf_Pad {
+ char ch;
+ size_t len;
+};
+
+static int b_printf(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
+ const void *const args[]);
+static int b_arginf_sz(const struct printf_info *info,
+ size_t n, int argtypes[n], int size[n]);
+
+static uintmax_t b_value(const struct printf_info *info,
+ const void *arg);
+static size_t b_bin_repr(char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
+ const struct printf_info *info, const void *arg);
+static size_t b_bin_len(const struct printf_info *info,
+ ptrdiff_t min_len);
+static size_t b_pad_len(const struct printf_info *info,
+ ptrdiff_t bin_len);
+static ssize_t b_print_prefix(FILE *stream,
+ const struct printf_info *info);
+static ssize_t b_pad_zeros(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
+ ptrdiff_t min_len);
+static ssize_t b_print_number(FILE *stream,
+ const struct printf_info *info,
+ const char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
+ size_t min_len, size_t bin_len);
+static char pad_ch(const struct printf_info *info);
+static ssize_t pad_spaces(FILE *stream, size_t pad_len);
+
+int
+main(void)
+{
+ if (register_printf_specifier('b', b_printf, b_arginf_sz) == -1)
+ err(EXIT_FAILURE, "register_printf_specifier('b', ...)");
+ if (register_printf_specifier('B', b_printf, b_arginf_sz) == -1)
+ err(EXIT_FAILURE, "register_printf_specifier('B', ...)");
+
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%llb;\en", 0x5Ellu);
+ printf("%lB;\en", 0x5Elu);
+ printf("%b;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("%hB;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("%hhb;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("%jb;\en", (uintmax_t)0x5E);
+ printf("%zb;\en", (size_t)0x5E);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%#b;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("%#B;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%10b;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("%010b;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("%.10b;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%\-10B;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%'B;\en", 0x5Eu);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%#16.12b;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%\-#'20.12b;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%#'020B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%#020B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%'020B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%020B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%#021B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%'021B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%021B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%#022B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%'022B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%022B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%#023B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%'023B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%023B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%\-#'19.11b;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%#'019B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%#019B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+ printf("%'019B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%019B;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("%#016b;\en", 0xAB);
+ printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+b_printf(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
+ const void *const args[])
+{
+ char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH];
+ size_t min_len, bin_len;
+ ssize_t len, tmp;
+ struct Printf_Pad pad = {0};
+
+ len = 0;
+
+ min_len = b_bin_repr(bin, info, args[0]);
+ bin_len = b_bin_len(info, min_len);
+
+ pad.ch = pad_ch(info);
+ if (pad.ch == ' ')
+ pad.len = b_pad_len(info, bin_len);
+
+ /* Padding with ' ' (right aligned) */
+ if ((pad.ch == ' ') && !info->left) {
+ tmp = pad_spaces(stream, pad.len);
+ if (tmp == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len += tmp;
+ }
+
+ /* "0b"/"0B" prefix */
+ if (info->alt) {
+ tmp = b_print_prefix(stream, info);
+ if (tmp == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len += tmp;
+ }
+
+ /* Padding with '0' */
+ if (pad.ch == '0') {
+ tmp = b_pad_zeros(stream, info, min_len);
+ if (tmp == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len += tmp;
+ }
+
+ /* Print number (including leading 0s to fill precision) */
+ tmp = b_print_number(stream, info, bin, min_len, bin_len);
+ if (tmp == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len += tmp;
+
+ /* Padding with ' ' (left aligned) */
+ if (info\->left) {
+ tmp = pad_spaces(stream, pad.len);
+ if (tmp == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len += tmp;
+ }
+
+ return len;
+}
+
+static int
+b_arginf_sz(const struct printf_info *info, size_t n, int argtypes[n],
+ [[maybe_unused]] int size[n])
+{
+ if (n < 1)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (info\->is_long_double)
+ argtypes[0] = PA_INT | PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG;
+ else if (info\->is_long)
+ argtypes[0] = PA_INT | PA_FLAG_LONG;
+ else
+ argtypes[0] = PA_INT;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static uintmax_t
+b_value(const struct printf_info *info, const void *arg)
+{
+ if (info\->is_long_double)
+ return *(const unsigned long long *)arg;
+ if (info\->is_long)
+ return *(const unsigned long *)arg;
+
+ /* short and char are both promoted to int */
+ return *(const unsigned int *)arg;
+}
+
+static size_t
+b_bin_repr(char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
+ const struct printf_info *info, const void *arg)
+{
+ size_t min_len;
+ uintmax_t val;
+
+ val = b_value(info, arg);
+
+ bin[0] = '0';
+ for (min_len = 0; val; min_len++) {
+ bin[min_len] = '0' + (val % 2);
+ val >>= 1;
+ }
+
+ return MAX(min_len, 1);
+}
+
+static size_t
+b_bin_len(const struct printf_info *info, ptrdiff_t min_len)
+{
+ return MAX(info\->prec, min_len);
+}
+
+static size_t
+b_pad_len(const struct printf_info *info, ptrdiff_t bin_len)
+{
+ ptrdiff_t pad_len;
+
+ pad_len = info\->width \- bin_len;
+ if (info\->alt)
+ pad_len \-= 2;
+ if (info\->group)
+ pad_len \-= (bin_len \- 1) / 4;
+
+ return MAX(pad_len, 0);
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+b_print_prefix(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info)
+{
+ ssize_t len;
+
+ len = 0;
+ if (fputc('0', stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+ if (fputc(info\->spec, stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+
+ return len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+b_pad_zeros(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
+ ptrdiff_t min_len)
+{
+ ssize_t len;
+ ptrdiff_t tmp;
+
+ len = 0;
+ tmp = info\->width \- (info\->alt * 2);
+ if (info\->group)
+ tmp \-= tmp / 5 \- !(tmp % 5);
+ for (ptrdiff_t i = tmp \- 1; i > min_len \- 1; i\-\-) {
+ if (fputc('0', stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+
+ if (!info\->group || (i % 4))
+ continue;
+ if (fputc(GROUP_SEP, stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+ }
+
+ return len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+b_print_number(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
+ const char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
+ size_t min_len, size_t bin_len)
+{
+ ssize_t len;
+
+ len = 0;
+
+ /* Print leading zeros to fill precision */
+ for (size_t i = bin_len \- 1; i > min_len \- 1; i\-\-) {
+ if (fputc('0', stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+
+ if (!info\->group || (i % 4))
+ continue;
+ if (fputc(GROUP_SEP, stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+ }
+
+ /* Print number */
+ for (size_t i = min_len \- 1; i < min_len; i\-\-) {
+ if (fputc(bin[i], stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+
+ if (!info\->group || (i % 4) || !i)
+ continue;
+ if (fputc(GROUP_SEP, stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+ }
+
+ return len;
+}
+
+static char
+pad_ch(const struct printf_info *info)
+{
+ if ((info\->prec != \-1) || (info\->pad == ' ') || info\->left)
+ return ' ';
+ return '0';
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+pad_spaces(FILE *stream, size_t pad_len)
+{
+ ssize_t len;
+
+ len = 0;
+ for (size_t i = pad_len - 1; i < pad_len; i\-\-) {
+ if (fputc(' ', stream) == EOF)
+ return EOF;
+ len++;
+ }
+
+ return len;
+}
+.EE
+.\" SRC END
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR asprintf (3),
+.BR printf (3),
+.BR wprintf (3)
Suggested-by: Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de> Cc: <Radisson97@gmx.de> Cc: "G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com> Cc: <libc-alpha@sourceware.org> Signed-off-by: Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com> --- man3head/printf.h.3head | 561 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 561 insertions(+) create mode 100644 man3head/printf.h.3head