diff mbox series

[7/7,libgomp,amdgcn] GCN Libgomp Plugin

Message ID 8c5112624e3cd17dd478d0ca5a59b2d24d1b16a5.1573560401.git.ams@codesourcery.com
State New
Headers show
Series AMD GCN Offloading Support | expand

Commit Message

Andrew Stubbs Nov. 12, 2019, 1:29 p.m. UTC
This patch contributes the GCN libgomp plugin, with the various
configure and make bits to go with it.

This implementation is a much-cleaned-up version of the one present on the
openacc-gcc-9-branch.

OK to commit?

Thanks

Andrew


2019-11-12  Andrew Stubbs  <ams@codesourcery.com>

	libgomp/
	* plugin/Makefrag.am: Add amdgcn plugin support.
	* plugin/configfrag.ac: Likewise.
	* plugin/plugin-gcn.c: New file.
	* configure: Regenerate.
---
 libgomp/plugin/Makefrag.am   |   14 +
 libgomp/plugin/configfrag.ac |   35 +
 libgomp/plugin/plugin-gcn.c  | 3985 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 4034 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 libgomp/plugin/plugin-gcn.c

Comments

Jakub Jelinek Nov. 12, 2019, 2:01 p.m. UTC | #1
On Tue, Nov 12, 2019 at 01:29:16PM +0000, Andrew Stubbs wrote:
> 2019-11-12  Andrew Stubbs  <ams@codesourcery.com>
> 
> 	libgomp/
> 	* plugin/Makefrag.am: Add amdgcn plugin support.
> 	* plugin/configfrag.ac: Likewise.
> 	* plugin/plugin-gcn.c: New file.
> 	* configure: Regenerate.

I'm a little bit worried about the elf.h include, not all targets might have
it, but perhaps that can be resolved incrementally if somebody reports it.

Ok.

	Jakub
Andrew Stubbs Nov. 12, 2019, 2:40 p.m. UTC | #2
On 12/11/2019 14:01, Jakub Jelinek wrote:
> On Tue, Nov 12, 2019 at 01:29:16PM +0000, Andrew Stubbs wrote:
>> 2019-11-12  Andrew Stubbs  <ams@codesourcery.com>
>>
>> 	libgomp/
>> 	* plugin/Makefrag.am: Add amdgcn plugin support.
>> 	* plugin/configfrag.ac: Likewise.
>> 	* plugin/plugin-gcn.c: New file.
>> 	* configure: Regenerate.
> 
> I'm a little bit worried about the elf.h include, not all targets might have
> it, but perhaps that can be resolved incrementally if somebody reports it.

We only support running on x86_64 hosts that have the ROCm tools 
installed. Access to elf.h ought not to be a big deal.

When we move to HSACO v3 binaries then we should be able to drop the 
manual relocation handling, so this will go away then.

Thanks

Andrew
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/libgomp/plugin/Makefrag.am b/libgomp/plugin/Makefrag.am
index 168ef59de41..45ed043e333 100644
--- a/libgomp/plugin/Makefrag.am
+++ b/libgomp/plugin/Makefrag.am
@@ -52,3 +52,17 @@  libgomp_plugin_hsa_la_LDFLAGS += $(PLUGIN_HSA_LDFLAGS)
 libgomp_plugin_hsa_la_LIBADD = libgomp.la $(PLUGIN_HSA_LIBS)
 libgomp_plugin_hsa_la_LIBTOOLFLAGS = --tag=disable-static
 endif
+
+if PLUGIN_GCN
+# AMD GCN plugin
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_version_info = -version-info $(libtool_VERSION)
+toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES += libgomp-plugin-gcn.la
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_la_SOURCES = plugin/plugin-gcn.c
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_la_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(PLUGIN_GCN_CPPFLAGS) \
+	-D_GNU_SOURCE
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_la_LDFLAGS = $(libgomp_plugin_gcn_version_info) \
+	$(lt_host_flags)
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_la_LDFLAGS += $(PLUGIN_GCN_LDFLAGS)
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_la_LIBADD = libgomp.la $(PLUGIN_GCN_LIBS)
+libgomp_plugin_gcn_la_LIBTOOLFLAGS = --tag=disable-static
+endif
diff --git a/libgomp/plugin/configfrag.ac b/libgomp/plugin/configfrag.ac
index 9718ac752e2..424ec6c96b2 100644
--- a/libgomp/plugin/configfrag.ac
+++ b/libgomp/plugin/configfrag.ac
@@ -137,6 +137,15 @@  AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_HSA_CPPFLAGS)
 AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_HSA_LDFLAGS)
 AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_HSA_LIBS)
 
+PLUGIN_GCN=0
+PLUGIN_GCN_CPPFLAGS=
+PLUGIN_GCN_LDFLAGS=
+PLUGIN_GCN_LIBS=
+AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_GCN)
+AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_GCN_CPPFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_GCN_LDFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(PLUGIN_GCN_LIBS)
+
 # Parse '--enable-offload-targets', figure out the corresponding libgomp
 # plugins, and configure to find the corresponding offload compilers.
 # 'offload_plugins' and 'offload_targets' will be populated in the same order.
@@ -237,6 +246,29 @@  if test x"$enable_offload_targets" != x; then
             ;;
         esac
         ;;
+
+      amdgcn*)
+	case "${target}" in
+	  x86_64-*-*)
+	    case " ${CC} ${CFLAGS} " in
+	      *" -m32 "*)
+		PLUGIN_GCN=0
+		;;
+	      *)
+		tgt_plugin=gcn
+		PLUGIN_GCN=$tgt
+		PLUGIN_GCN_CPPFLAGS=$HSA_RUNTIME_CPPFLAGS
+		PLUGIN_GCN_LDFLAGS="$HSA_RUNTIME_LDFLAGS"
+		PLUGIN_GCN_LIBS="-ldl"
+		PLUGIN_GCN=1
+		;;
+	      esac
+	    ;;
+	  *-*-*)
+	    PLUGIN_GCN=0
+	     ;;
+	esac
+	;;
       *)
 	AC_MSG_ERROR([unknown offload target specified])
 	;;
@@ -275,6 +307,9 @@  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PLUGIN_NVPTX_DYNAMIC], [$PLUGIN_NVPTX_DYNAMIC],
 AM_CONDITIONAL([PLUGIN_HSA], [test $PLUGIN_HSA = 1])
 AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PLUGIN_HSA], [$PLUGIN_HSA],
   [Define to 1 if the HSA plugin is built, 0 if not.])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([PLUGIN_GCN], [test $PLUGIN_GCN = 1])
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PLUGIN_GCN], [$PLUGIN_GCN],
+  [Define to 1 if the GCN plugin is built, 0 if not.])
 
 if test "$HSA_RUNTIME_LIB" != ""; then
   HSA_RUNTIME_LIB="$HSA_RUNTIME_LIB/"
diff --git a/libgomp/plugin/plugin-gcn.c b/libgomp/plugin/plugin-gcn.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..583916759a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgomp/plugin/plugin-gcn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3985 @@ 
+/* Plugin for AMD GCN execution.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2013-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   Contributed by Mentor Embedded
+
+   This file is part of the GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Library
+   (libgomp).
+
+   Libgomp is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   Libgomp is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+   FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+   more details.
+
+   Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+   permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+   3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+   a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+   see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* {{{ Includes and defines  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <hsa.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include "libgomp-plugin.h"
+#include "gomp-constants.h"
+#include <elf.h>
+#include "oacc-plugin.h"
+#include "oacc-int.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/* Additional definitions not in HSA 1.1.
+   FIXME: this needs to be updated in hsa.h for upstream, but the only source
+          right now is the ROCr source which may cause license issues.  */
+#define HSA_AMD_AGENT_INFO_COMPUTE_UNIT_COUNT 0xA002
+
+/* These probably won't be in elf.h for a while.  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_NONE		0
+#define R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO	1	/* (S + A) & 0xFFFFFFFF  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI	2	/* (S + A) >> 32  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_ABS64		3	/* S + A  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_REL32		4	/* S + A - P  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_REL64		5	/* S + A - P  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_ABS32		6	/* S + A  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL	7	/* G + GOT + A - P  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_LO	8	/* (G + GOT + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_HI	9	/* (G + GOT + A - P) >> 32  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_REL32_LO	10	/* (S + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF  */
+#define R_AMDGPU_REL32_HI	11	/* (S + A - P) >> 32  */
+#define reserved		12
+#define R_AMDGPU_RELATIVE64	13	/* B + A  */
+
+/* GCN specific definitions for asynchronous queues.  */
+
+#define ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE 64
+#define DRAIN_QUEUE_SYNCHRONOUS_P false
+#define DEBUG_QUEUES 0
+#define DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP 0
+#define DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL 0
+
+/* Defaults.  */
+#define DEFAULT_GCN_HEAP_SIZE (100*1024*1024)  /* 100MB.  */
+
+/* Secure getenv() which returns NULL if running as SUID/SGID.  */
+#ifndef HAVE_SECURE_GETENV
+#ifdef HAVE___SECURE_GETENV
+#define secure_getenv __secure_getenv
+#elif defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) && defined(HAVE_GETUID) && defined(HAVE_GETEUID) \
+  && defined(HAVE_GETGID) && defined(HAVE_GETEGID)
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* Implementation of secure_getenv() for targets where it is not provided but
+   we have at least means to test real and effective IDs. */
+
+static char *
+secure_getenv (const char *name)
+{
+  if ((getuid () == geteuid ()) && (getgid () == getegid ()))
+    return getenv (name);
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#else
+#define secure_getenv getenv
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Types  */
+
+/* GCN-specific implmentation of the GOMP_PLUGIN_acc_thread data.  */
+
+struct gcn_thread
+{
+  /* The thread number from the async clause, or GOMP_ASYNC_SYNC.  */
+  int async;
+};
+
+/* As an HSA runtime is dlopened, following structure defines function
+   pointers utilized by the HSA plug-in.  */
+
+struct hsa_runtime_fn_info
+{
+  /* HSA runtime.  */
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_status_string_fn) (hsa_status_t status,
+					const char **status_string);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_system_get_info_fn) (hsa_system_info_t attribute,
+					  void *value);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_agent_get_info_fn) (hsa_agent_t agent,
+					 hsa_agent_info_t attribute,
+					 void *value);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_isa_get_info_fn)(hsa_isa_t isa,
+				      hsa_isa_info_t attribute,
+				      uint32_t index,
+				      void *value);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_init_fn) (void);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_iterate_agents_fn)
+    (hsa_status_t (*callback)(hsa_agent_t agent, void *data), void *data);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_region_get_info_fn) (hsa_region_t region,
+					  hsa_region_info_t attribute,
+					  void *value);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_queue_create_fn)
+    (hsa_agent_t agent, uint32_t size, hsa_queue_type_t type,
+     void (*callback)(hsa_status_t status, hsa_queue_t *source, void *data),
+     void *data, uint32_t private_segment_size,
+     uint32_t group_segment_size, hsa_queue_t **queue);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_agent_iterate_regions_fn)
+    (hsa_agent_t agent,
+     hsa_status_t (*callback)(hsa_region_t region, void *data), void *data);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_destroy_fn) (hsa_executable_t executable);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_create_fn)
+    (hsa_profile_t profile, hsa_executable_state_t executable_state,
+     const char *options, hsa_executable_t *executable);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_global_variable_define_fn)
+    (hsa_executable_t executable, const char *variable_name, void *address);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_load_code_object_fn)
+    (hsa_executable_t executable, hsa_agent_t agent,
+     hsa_code_object_t code_object, const char *options);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_freeze_fn)(hsa_executable_t executable,
+					   const char *options);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_signal_create_fn) (hsa_signal_value_t initial_value,
+					uint32_t num_consumers,
+					const hsa_agent_t *consumers,
+					hsa_signal_t *signal);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_memory_allocate_fn) (hsa_region_t region, size_t size,
+					  void **ptr);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_memory_assign_agent_fn) (void *ptr, hsa_agent_t agent,
+					      hsa_access_permission_t access);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_memory_copy_fn)(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_memory_free_fn) (void *ptr);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_signal_destroy_fn) (hsa_signal_t signal);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_get_symbol_fn)
+    (hsa_executable_t executable, const char *module_name,
+     const char *symbol_name, hsa_agent_t agent, int32_t call_convention,
+     hsa_executable_symbol_t *symbol);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn)
+    (hsa_executable_symbol_t executable_symbol,
+     hsa_executable_symbol_info_t attribute, void *value);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_executable_iterate_symbols_fn)
+    (hsa_executable_t executable,
+     hsa_status_t (*callback)(hsa_executable_t executable,
+			      hsa_executable_symbol_t symbol, void *data),
+     void *data);
+  uint64_t (*hsa_queue_add_write_index_release_fn) (const hsa_queue_t *queue,
+						    uint64_t value);
+  uint64_t (*hsa_queue_load_read_index_acquire_fn) (const hsa_queue_t *queue);
+  void (*hsa_signal_store_relaxed_fn) (hsa_signal_t signal,
+				       hsa_signal_value_t value);
+  void (*hsa_signal_store_release_fn) (hsa_signal_t signal,
+				       hsa_signal_value_t value);
+  hsa_signal_value_t (*hsa_signal_wait_acquire_fn)
+    (hsa_signal_t signal, hsa_signal_condition_t condition,
+     hsa_signal_value_t compare_value, uint64_t timeout_hint,
+     hsa_wait_state_t wait_state_hint);
+  hsa_signal_value_t (*hsa_signal_load_acquire_fn) (hsa_signal_t signal);
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_queue_destroy_fn) (hsa_queue_t *queue);
+
+  hsa_status_t (*hsa_code_object_deserialize_fn)
+    (void *serialized_code_object, size_t serialized_code_object_size,
+     const char *options, hsa_code_object_t *code_object);
+};
+
+/* Structure describing the run-time and grid properties of an HSA kernel
+   lauch.  This needs to match the format passed to GOMP_OFFLOAD_run.  */
+
+struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes
+{
+  /* Number of dimensions the workload has.  Maximum number is 3.  */
+  uint32_t ndim;
+  /* Size of the grid in the three respective dimensions.  */
+  uint32_t gdims[3];
+  /* Size of work-groups in the respective dimensions.  */
+  uint32_t wdims[3];
+};
+
+/* Collection of information needed for a dispatch of a kernel from a
+   kernel.  */
+
+struct kernel_dispatch
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent;
+  /* Pointer to a command queue associated with a kernel dispatch agent.  */
+  void *queue;
+  /* Pointer to a memory space used for kernel arguments passing.  */
+  void *kernarg_address;
+  /* Kernel object.  */
+  uint64_t object;
+  /* Synchronization signal used for dispatch synchronization.  */
+  uint64_t signal;
+  /* Private segment size.  */
+  uint32_t private_segment_size;
+  /* Group segment size.  */
+  uint32_t group_segment_size;
+};
+
+/* Structure of the kernargs segment, supporting console output.
+ 
+   This needs to match the definitions in Newlib, and the expectations
+   in libgomp target code.  */
+
+struct kernargs {
+  /* Leave space for the real kernel arguments.
+     OpenACC and OpenMP only use one pointer.  */
+  int64_t dummy1;
+  int64_t dummy2;
+
+  /* A pointer to struct output, below, for console output data.  */
+  int64_t out_ptr;
+
+  /* A pointer to struct heap, below.  */
+  int64_t heap_ptr;
+
+  /* A pointer to an ephemeral memory arena.
+    Only needed for OpenMP.  */
+  int64_t arena_ptr;
+
+  /* Output data.  */
+  struct output {
+    int return_value;
+    unsigned int next_output;
+    struct printf_data {
+      int written;
+      char msg[128];
+      int type;
+      union {
+	int64_t ivalue;
+	double dvalue;
+	char text[128];
+      };
+    } queue[1024];
+    unsigned int consumed;
+  } output_data;
+};
+
+/* A queue entry for a future asynchronous launch.  */
+
+struct kernel_launch
+{
+  struct kernel_info *kernel;
+  void *vars;
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes kla;
+};
+
+/* A queue entry for a future callback.  */
+
+struct callback
+{
+  void (*fn)(void *);
+  void *data;
+};
+
+/* A data struct for the copy_data callback.  */
+
+struct copy_data
+{
+  void *dst;
+  const void *src;
+  size_t len;
+  bool free_src;
+  struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq;
+};
+
+/* A queue entry for a placeholder.  These correspond to a wait event.  */
+
+struct placeholder
+{
+  int executed;
+  pthread_cond_t cond;
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+};
+
+/* A queue entry for a wait directive.  */
+
+struct asyncwait_info
+{
+  struct placeholder *placeholderp;
+};
+
+/* Encode the type of an entry in an async queue.  */
+
+enum entry_type
+{
+  KERNEL_LAUNCH,
+  CALLBACK,
+  ASYNC_WAIT,
+  ASYNC_PLACEHOLDER
+};
+
+/* An entry in an async queue.  */
+
+struct queue_entry
+{
+  enum entry_type type;
+  union {
+    struct kernel_launch launch;
+    struct callback callback;
+    struct asyncwait_info asyncwait;
+    struct placeholder placeholder;
+  } u;
+};
+
+/* An async queue header.
+
+   OpenMP may create one of these.
+   OpenACC may create many.  */
+
+struct goacc_asyncqueue
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent;
+  hsa_queue_t *hsa_queue;
+
+  pthread_t thread_drain_queue;
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+  pthread_cond_t queue_cond_in;
+  pthread_cond_t queue_cond_out;
+  struct queue_entry queue[ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE];
+  int queue_first;
+  int queue_n;
+  int drain_queue_stop;
+
+  int id;
+  struct goacc_asyncqueue *prev;
+  struct goacc_asyncqueue *next;
+};
+
+/* Mkoffload uses this structure to describe a kernel.
+
+   OpenMP kernel dimensions are passed at runtime.
+   OpenACC kernel dimensions are passed at compile time, here.  */
+
+struct hsa_kernel_description
+{
+  const char *name;
+  int oacc_dims[3];  /* Only present for GCN kernels.  */
+};
+
+/* Mkoffload uses this structure to describe an offload variable.  */
+
+struct global_var_info
+{
+  const char *name;
+  void *address;
+};
+
+/* Mkoffload uses this structure to describe all the kernels in a
+   loadable module.  These are passed the libgomp via static constructors.  */
+
+struct gcn_image_desc
+{
+  struct gcn_image {
+    size_t size;
+    void *image;
+  } *gcn_image;
+  const unsigned kernel_count;
+  struct hsa_kernel_description *kernel_infos;
+  const unsigned global_variable_count;
+  struct global_var_info *global_variables;
+};
+
+/* Description of an HSA GPU agent (device) and the program associated with
+   it.  */
+
+struct agent_info
+{
+  /* The HSA ID of the agent.  Assigned when hsa_context is initialized.  */
+  hsa_agent_t id;
+  /* The user-visible device number.  */
+  int device_id;
+  /* Whether the agent has been initialized.  The fields below are usable only
+     if it has been.  */
+  bool initialized;
+  /* Precomuted check for problem architectures.  */
+  bool gfx900_p;
+
+  /* Command queues of the agent.  */
+  hsa_queue_t *sync_queue;
+  struct goacc_asyncqueue *async_queues, *omp_async_queue;
+  pthread_mutex_t async_queues_mutex;
+
+  /* The HSA memory region from which to allocate kernel arguments.  */
+  hsa_region_t kernarg_region;
+
+  /* The HSA memory region from which to allocate device data.  */
+  hsa_region_t data_region;
+
+  /* Allocated team arenas.  */
+  struct team_arena_list *team_arena_list;
+  pthread_mutex_t team_arena_write_lock;
+
+  /* Read-write lock that protects kernels which are running or about to be run
+     from interference with loading and unloading of images.  Needs to be
+     locked for reading while a kernel is being run, and for writing if the
+     list of modules is manipulated (and thus the HSA program invalidated).  */
+  pthread_rwlock_t module_rwlock;
+
+  /* The module associated with this kernel.  */
+  struct module_info *module;
+
+  /* Mutex enforcing that only one thread will finalize the HSA program.  A
+     thread should have locked agent->module_rwlock for reading before
+     acquiring it.  */
+  pthread_mutex_t prog_mutex;
+  /* Flag whether the HSA program that consists of all the modules has been
+     finalized.  */
+  bool prog_finalized;
+  /* HSA executable - the finalized program that is used to locate kernels.  */
+  hsa_executable_t executable;
+};
+
+/* Information required to identify, finalize and run any given kernel.  */
+
+enum offload_kind {KIND_UNKNOWN, KIND_OPENMP, KIND_OPENACC};
+
+struct kernel_info
+{
+  /* Name of the kernel, required to locate it within the GCN object-code
+     module.  */
+  const char *name;
+  /* The specific agent the kernel has been or will be finalized for and run
+     on.  */
+  struct agent_info *agent;
+  /* The specific module where the kernel takes place.  */
+  struct module_info *module;
+  /* Mutex enforcing that at most once thread ever initializes a kernel for
+     use.  A thread should have locked agent->module_rwlock for reading before
+     acquiring it.  */
+  pthread_mutex_t init_mutex;
+  /* Flag indicating whether the kernel has been initialized and all fields
+     below it contain valid data.  */
+  bool initialized;
+  /* Flag indicating that the kernel has a problem that blocks an execution.  */
+  bool initialization_failed;
+  /* The object to be put into the dispatch queue.  */
+  uint64_t object;
+  /* Required size of kernel arguments.  */
+  uint32_t kernarg_segment_size;
+  /* Required size of group segment.  */
+  uint32_t group_segment_size;
+  /* Required size of private segment.  */
+  uint32_t private_segment_size;
+  /* Set up for OpenMP or OpenACC?  */
+  enum offload_kind kind;
+};
+
+/* Information about a particular GCN module, its image and kernels.  */
+
+struct module_info
+{
+  /* The description with which the program has registered the image.  */
+  struct gcn_image_desc *image_desc;
+  /* GCN heap allocation.  */
+  struct heap *heap;
+  /* Physical boundaries of the loaded module.  */
+  Elf64_Addr phys_address_start;
+  Elf64_Addr phys_address_end;
+
+  bool constructors_run_p;
+  struct kernel_info *init_array_func, *fini_array_func;
+
+  /* Number of kernels in this module.  */
+  int kernel_count;
+  /* An array of kernel_info structures describing each kernel in this
+     module.  */
+  struct kernel_info kernels[];
+};
+
+/* A linked list of memory arenas allocated on the device.
+   These are only used by OpenMP, as a means to optimize per-team malloc.  */
+
+struct team_arena_list
+{
+  struct team_arena_list *next;
+
+  /* The number of teams determines the size of the allocation.  */
+  int num_teams;
+  /* The device address of the arena itself.  */
+  void *arena;
+  /* A flag to prevent two asynchronous kernels trying to use the same arena.
+     The mutex is locked until the kernel exits.  */
+  pthread_mutex_t in_use;
+};
+
+/* Information about the whole HSA environment and all of its agents.  */
+
+struct hsa_context_info
+{
+  /* Whether the structure has been initialized.  */
+  bool initialized;
+  /* Number of usable GPU HSA agents in the system.  */
+  int agent_count;
+  /* Array of agent_info structures describing the individual HSA agents.  */
+  struct agent_info *agents;
+};
+
+/* Format of the on-device heap.
+
+   This must match the definition in Newlib and gcn-run.  */
+
+struct heap {
+  int64_t size;
+  char data[0];
+};
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Global variables  */
+
+/* Information about the whole HSA environment and all of its agents.  */
+
+static struct hsa_context_info hsa_context;
+
+/* HSA runtime functions that are initialized in init_hsa_context.  */
+
+static struct hsa_runtime_fn_info hsa_fns;
+
+/* Heap space, allocated target-side, provided for use of newlib malloc.
+   Each module should have it's own heap allocated.
+   Beware that heap usage increases with OpenMP teams.  See also arenas.  */
+
+static size_t gcn_kernel_heap_size = DEFAULT_GCN_HEAP_SIZE;
+
+/* Flag to decide whether print to stderr information about what is going on.
+   Set in init_debug depending on environment variables.  */
+
+static bool debug;
+
+/* Flag to decide if the runtime should suppress a possible fallback to host
+   execution.  */
+
+static bool suppress_host_fallback;
+
+/* Flag to locate HSA runtime shared library that is dlopened
+   by this plug-in.  */
+
+static const char *hsa_runtime_lib;
+
+/* Flag to decide if the runtime should support also CPU devices (can be
+   a simulator).  */
+
+static bool support_cpu_devices;
+
+/* Runtime dimension overrides.  Zero indicates default.  */
+
+static int override_x_dim = 0;
+static int override_z_dim = 0;
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Debug & Diagnostic  */
+
+/* Print a message to stderr if GCN_DEBUG value is set to true.  */
+
+#define DEBUG_PRINT(...) \
+  do \
+  { \
+    if (debug) \
+      { \
+	fprintf (stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
+      } \
+  } \
+  while (false);
+
+/* Flush stderr if GCN_DEBUG value is set to true.  */
+
+#define DEBUG_FLUSH()				\
+  do {						\
+    if (debug)					\
+      fflush (stderr);				\
+  } while (false)
+
+/* Print a logging message with PREFIX to stderr if GCN_DEBUG value
+   is set to true.  */
+
+#define DEBUG_LOG(prefix, ...)			\
+  do						\
+    {						\
+      DEBUG_PRINT (prefix);			\
+      DEBUG_PRINT (__VA_ARGS__);			\
+      DEBUG_FLUSH ();				\
+    } while (false)
+
+/* Print a debugging message to stderr.  */
+
+#define GCN_DEBUG(...) DEBUG_LOG ("GCN debug: ", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* Print a warning message to stderr.  */
+
+#define GCN_WARNING(...) DEBUG_LOG ("GCN warning: ", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* Print HSA warning STR with an HSA STATUS code.  */
+
+static void
+hsa_warn (const char *str, hsa_status_t status)
+{
+  if (!debug)
+    return;
+
+  const char *hsa_error_msg = "[unknown]";
+  hsa_fns.hsa_status_string_fn (status, &hsa_error_msg);
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "GCN warning: %s\nRuntime message: %s\n", str,
+	   hsa_error_msg);
+}
+
+/* Report a fatal error STR together with the HSA error corresponding to STATUS
+   and terminate execution of the current process.  */
+
+static void
+hsa_fatal (const char *str, hsa_status_t status)
+{
+  const char *hsa_error_msg = "[unknown]";
+  hsa_fns.hsa_status_string_fn (status, &hsa_error_msg);
+  GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("GCN fatal error: %s\nRuntime message: %s\n", str,
+		     hsa_error_msg);
+}
+
+/* Like hsa_fatal, except only report error message, and return FALSE
+   for propagating error processing to outside of plugin.  */
+
+static bool
+hsa_error (const char *str, hsa_status_t status)
+{
+  const char *hsa_error_msg = "[unknown]";
+  hsa_fns.hsa_status_string_fn (status, &hsa_error_msg);
+  GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("GCN fatal error: %s\nRuntime message: %s\n", str,
+		     hsa_error_msg);
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Dump information about the available hardware.  */
+
+static void
+dump_hsa_system_info (void)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+
+  hsa_endianness_t endianness;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_system_get_info_fn (HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_ENDIANNESS,
+					   &endianness);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    switch (endianness)
+      {
+      case HSA_ENDIANNESS_LITTLE:
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_ENDIANNESS: LITTLE\n");
+	break;
+      case HSA_ENDIANNESS_BIG:
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_ENDIANNESS: BIG\n");
+	break;
+      default:
+	GCN_WARNING ("HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_ENDIANNESS: UNKNOWN\n");
+      }
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_ENDIANNESS: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint8_t extensions[128];
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_system_get_info_fn (HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_EXTENSIONS,
+					   &extensions);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      if (extensions[0] & (1 << HSA_EXTENSION_IMAGES))
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_EXTENSIONS: IMAGES\n");
+    }
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_SYSTEM_INFO_EXTENSIONS: FAILED\n");
+}
+
+/* Dump information about the available hardware.  */
+
+static void
+dump_machine_model (hsa_machine_model_t machine_model, const char *s)
+{
+  switch (machine_model)
+    {
+    case HSA_MACHINE_MODEL_SMALL:
+      GCN_DEBUG ("%s: SMALL\n", s);
+      break;
+    case HSA_MACHINE_MODEL_LARGE:
+      GCN_DEBUG ("%s: LARGE\n", s);
+      break;
+    default:
+      GCN_WARNING ("%s: UNKNOWN\n", s);
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Dump information about the available hardware.  */
+
+static void
+dump_profile (hsa_profile_t profile, const char *s)
+{
+  switch (profile)
+    {
+    case HSA_PROFILE_FULL:
+      GCN_DEBUG ("%s: FULL\n", s);
+      break;
+    case HSA_PROFILE_BASE:
+      GCN_DEBUG ("%s: BASE\n", s);
+      break;
+    default:
+      GCN_WARNING ("%s: UNKNOWN\n", s);
+      break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Dump information about a device memory region.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+dump_hsa_region (hsa_region_t region, void *data __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+
+  hsa_region_segment_t segment;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region, HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT,
+					   &segment);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      if (segment == HSA_REGION_SEGMENT_GLOBAL)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT: GLOBAL\n");
+      else if (segment == HSA_REGION_SEGMENT_READONLY)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT: READONLY\n");
+      else if (segment == HSA_REGION_SEGMENT_PRIVATE)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT: PRIVATE\n");
+      else if (segment == HSA_REGION_SEGMENT_GROUP)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT: GROUP\n");
+      else
+	GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT: UNKNOWN\n");
+    }
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT: FAILED\n");
+
+  if (segment == HSA_REGION_SEGMENT_GLOBAL)
+    {
+      uint32_t flags;
+      status
+	= hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region, HSA_REGION_INFO_GLOBAL_FLAGS,
+					  &flags);
+      if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	{
+	  if (flags & HSA_REGION_GLOBAL_FLAG_KERNARG)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_GLOBAL_FLAGS: KERNARG\n");
+	  if (flags & HSA_REGION_GLOBAL_FLAG_FINE_GRAINED)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_GLOBAL_FLAGS: FINE_GRAINED\n");
+	  if (flags & HSA_REGION_GLOBAL_FLAG_COARSE_GRAINED)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_GLOBAL_FLAGS: COARSE_GRAINED\n");
+	}
+      else
+	GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_GLOBAL_FLAGS: FAILED\n");
+    }
+
+  size_t size;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region, HSA_REGION_INFO_SIZE, &size);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SIZE: %zu\n", size);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_SIZE: FAILED\n");
+
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region, HSA_REGION_INFO_ALLOC_MAX_SIZE,
+				      &size);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_ALLOC_MAX_SIZE: %zu\n", size);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_ALLOC_MAX_SIZE: FAILED\n");
+
+  bool alloc_allowed;
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region,
+				      HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_ALLOWED,
+				      &alloc_allowed);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_ALLOWED: %u\n", alloc_allowed);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_ALLOWED: FAILED\n");
+
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS || !alloc_allowed)
+    return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region,
+				      HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_GRANULE,
+				      &size);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_GRANULE: %zu\n", size);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_GRANULE: FAILED\n");
+
+  size_t align;
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region,
+				      HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT,
+				      &align);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT: %zu\n", align);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_REGION_INFO_RUNTIME_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT: FAILED\n");
+
+  return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Dump information about all the device memory regions.  */
+
+static void
+dump_hsa_regions (hsa_agent_t agent)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_iterate_regions_fn (agent,
+						 dump_hsa_region,
+						 NULL);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_error ("Dumping hsa regions failed", status);
+}
+
+/* Dump information about the available devices.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+dump_hsa_agent_info (hsa_agent_t agent, void *data __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+
+  char buf[64];
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_NAME,
+					  &buf);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_NAME: %s\n", buf);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_NAME: FAILED\n");
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_VENDOR_NAME,
+					  &buf);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_VENDOR_NAME: %s\n", buf);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_VENDOR_NAME: FAILED\n");
+
+  hsa_machine_model_t machine_model;
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_MACHINE_MODEL,
+				     &machine_model);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    dump_machine_model (machine_model, "HSA_AGENT_INFO_MACHINE_MODEL");
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_MACHINE_MODEL: FAILED\n");
+
+  hsa_profile_t profile;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_PROFILE,
+					  &profile);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    dump_profile (profile, "HSA_AGENT_INFO_PROFILE");
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_PROFILE: FAILED\n");
+
+  hsa_device_type_t device_type;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE,
+					  &device_type);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      switch (device_type)
+	{
+	case HSA_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU:
+	  GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE: CPU\n");
+	  break;
+	case HSA_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU:
+	  GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE: GPU\n");
+	  break;
+	case HSA_DEVICE_TYPE_DSP:
+	  GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE: DSP\n");
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE: UNKNOWN\n");
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint32_t cu_count;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn
+    (agent, HSA_AMD_AGENT_INFO_COMPUTE_UNIT_COUNT, &cu_count);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AMD_AGENT_INFO_COMPUTE_UNIT_COUNT: %u\n", cu_count);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AMD_AGENT_INFO_COMPUTE_UNIT_COUNT: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint32_t size;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_WAVEFRONT_SIZE,
+					  &size);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_WAVEFRONT_SIZE: %u\n", size);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_WAVEFRONT_SIZE: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint32_t max_dim;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent,
+					  HSA_AGENT_INFO_WORKGROUP_MAX_DIM,
+					  &max_dim);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_WORKGROUP_MAX_DIM: %u\n", max_dim);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_WORKGROUP_MAX_DIM: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint32_t max_size;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent,
+					  HSA_AGENT_INFO_WORKGROUP_MAX_SIZE,
+					  &max_size);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_WORKGROUP_MAX_SIZE: %u\n", max_size);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_WORKGROUP_MAX_SIZE: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint32_t grid_max_dim;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_GRID_MAX_DIM,
+					  &grid_max_dim);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_GRID_MAX_DIM: %u\n", grid_max_dim);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_GRID_MAX_DIM: FAILED\n");
+
+  uint32_t grid_max_size;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_GRID_MAX_SIZE,
+					  &grid_max_size);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_GRID_MAX_SIZE: %u\n", grid_max_size);
+  else
+    GCN_WARNING ("HSA_AGENT_INFO_GRID_MAX_SIZE: FAILED\n");
+
+  dump_hsa_regions (agent);
+
+  return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Forward reference.  */
+
+static char *get_executable_symbol_name (hsa_executable_symbol_t symbol);
+
+/* Helper function for dump_executable_symbols.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+dump_executable_symbol (hsa_executable_t executable,
+			hsa_executable_symbol_t symbol,
+			void *data __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+  char *name = get_executable_symbol_name (symbol);
+
+  if (name)
+    {
+      GCN_DEBUG ("executable symbol: %s\n", name);
+      free (name);
+    }
+
+  return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Dump all global symbol in an executable.  */
+
+static void
+dump_executable_symbols (hsa_executable_t executable)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_iterate_symbols_fn (executable,
+						 dump_executable_symbol,
+						 NULL);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not dump HSA executable symbols", status);
+}
+
+/* Dump kernel DISPATCH data structure and indent it by INDENT spaces.  */
+
+static void
+print_kernel_dispatch (struct kernel_dispatch *dispatch, unsigned indent)
+{
+  struct kernargs *kernargs = (struct kernargs *)dispatch->kernarg_address;
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*sthis: %p\n", indent, "", dispatch);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*squeue: %p\n", indent, "", dispatch->queue);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*skernarg_address: %p\n", indent, "", kernargs);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*sheap address: %p\n", indent, "",
+	   (void*)kernargs->heap_ptr);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*sarena address: %p\n", indent, "",
+	   (void*)kernargs->arena_ptr);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*sobject: %lu\n", indent, "", dispatch->object);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*sprivate_segment_size: %u\n", indent, "",
+	   dispatch->private_segment_size);
+  fprintf (stderr, "%*sgroup_segment_size: %u\n", indent, "",
+	   dispatch->group_segment_size);
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Utility functions  */
+
+/* Cast the thread local storage to gcn_thread.  */
+
+static inline struct gcn_thread *
+gcn_thread (void)
+{
+  return (struct gcn_thread *) GOMP_PLUGIN_acc_thread ();
+}
+
+/* Initialize debug and suppress_host_fallback according to the environment.  */
+
+static void
+init_environment_variables (void)
+{
+  if (secure_getenv ("GCN_DEBUG"))
+    debug = true;
+  else
+    debug = false;
+
+  if (secure_getenv ("GCN_SUPPRESS_HOST_FALLBACK"))
+    suppress_host_fallback = true;
+  else
+    suppress_host_fallback = false;
+
+  hsa_runtime_lib = secure_getenv ("HSA_RUNTIME_LIB");
+  if (hsa_runtime_lib == NULL)
+    hsa_runtime_lib = HSA_RUNTIME_LIB "libhsa-runtime64.so";
+
+  support_cpu_devices = secure_getenv ("GCN_SUPPORT_CPU_DEVICES");
+
+  const char *x = secure_getenv ("GCN_NUM_TEAMS");
+  if (!x)
+    x = secure_getenv ("GCN_NUM_GANGS");
+  if (x)
+    override_x_dim = atoi (x);
+
+  const char *z = secure_getenv ("GCN_NUM_THREADS");
+  if (!z)
+    z = secure_getenv ("GCN_NUM_WORKERS");
+  if (z)
+    override_z_dim = atoi (z);
+
+  const char *heap = secure_getenv ("GCN_HEAP_SIZE");
+  if (heap)
+    {
+      size_t tmp = atol (heap);
+      if (tmp)
+	gcn_kernel_heap_size = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return malloc'd string with name of SYMBOL.  */
+
+static char *
+get_executable_symbol_name (hsa_executable_symbol_t symbol)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  char *res;
+  uint32_t len;
+  const hsa_executable_symbol_info_t info_name_length
+    = HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_NAME_LENGTH;
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn (symbol, info_name_length,
+						      &len);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not get length of symbol name", status);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  res = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (len + 1);
+
+  const hsa_executable_symbol_info_t info_name
+    = HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_NAME;
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn (symbol, info_name, res);
+
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not get symbol name", status);
+      free (res);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  res[len] = '\0';
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Helper function for find_executable_symbol.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+find_executable_symbol_1 (hsa_executable_t executable,
+			  hsa_executable_symbol_t symbol,
+			  void *data)
+{
+  hsa_executable_symbol_t *res = (hsa_executable_symbol_t *)data;
+  *res = symbol;
+  return HSA_STATUS_INFO_BREAK;
+}
+
+/* Find a global symbol in EXECUTABLE, save to *SYMBOL and return true.  If not
+   found, return false.  */
+
+static bool
+find_executable_symbol (hsa_executable_t executable,
+			hsa_executable_symbol_t *symbol)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_iterate_symbols_fn (executable,
+						 find_executable_symbol_1,
+						 symbol);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_INFO_BREAK)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not find executable symbol", status);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Get the number of GPU Compute Units.  */
+
+static int
+get_cu_count (struct agent_info *agent)
+{
+  uint32_t cu_count;
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn
+    (agent->id, HSA_AMD_AGENT_INFO_COMPUTE_UNIT_COUNT, &cu_count);
+  if (status == HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return cu_count;
+  else
+    return 64;  /* The usual number for older devices.  */
+}
+
+/* Calculate the maximum grid size for OMP threads / OACC workers.
+   This depends on the kernel's resource usage levels.  */
+
+static int
+limit_worker_threads (int threads)
+{
+  /* FIXME Do something more inteligent here.
+     GCN can always run 4 threads within a Compute Unit, but
+     more than that depends on register usage.  */
+  if (threads > 16)
+    threads = 16;
+  return threads;
+}
+
+/* Parse the target attributes INPUT provided by the compiler and return true
+   if we should run anything all.  If INPUT is NULL, fill DEF with default
+   values, then store INPUT or DEF into *RESULT.
+ 
+   This is used for OpenMP only.  */
+
+static bool
+parse_target_attributes (void **input,
+			 struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *def,
+			 struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes **result,
+			 struct agent_info *agent)
+{
+  if (!input)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("No target arguments provided");
+
+  bool grid_attrs_found = false;
+  bool gcn_dims_found = false;
+  int gcn_teams = 0;
+  int gcn_threads = 0;
+  while (*input)
+    {
+      intptr_t id = (intptr_t) *input++, val;
+
+      if (id & GOMP_TARGET_ARG_SUBSEQUENT_PARAM)
+	val = (intptr_t) *input++;
+      else
+	val = id >> GOMP_TARGET_ARG_VALUE_SHIFT;
+
+      val = (val > INT_MAX) ? INT_MAX : val;
+
+      if ((id & GOMP_TARGET_ARG_DEVICE_MASK) == GOMP_DEVICE_GCN
+	  && ((id & GOMP_TARGET_ARG_ID_MASK)
+	      == GOMP_TARGET_ARG_HSA_KERNEL_ATTRIBUTES))
+	{
+	  grid_attrs_found = true;
+	  break;
+	}
+      else if ((id & GOMP_TARGET_ARG_DEVICE_ALL) == GOMP_TARGET_ARG_DEVICE_ALL)
+	{
+	  gcn_dims_found = true;
+	  switch (id & GOMP_TARGET_ARG_ID_MASK)
+	    {
+	    case GOMP_TARGET_ARG_NUM_TEAMS:
+	      gcn_teams = val;
+	      break;
+	    case GOMP_TARGET_ARG_THREAD_LIMIT:
+	      gcn_threads = limit_worker_threads (val);
+	      break;
+	    default:
+	      ;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (gcn_dims_found)
+    {
+      if (agent->gfx900_p && gcn_threads == 0 && override_z_dim == 0)
+	{
+	  gcn_threads = 4;
+	  GCN_WARNING ("VEGA BUG WORKAROUND: reducing default number of "
+		       "threads to 4 per team.\n");
+	  GCN_WARNING (" - If this is not a Vega 10 device, please use "
+		       "GCN_NUM_THREADS=16\n");
+	}
+
+      def->ndim = 3;
+      /* Fiji has 64 CUs, but Vega20 has 60.  */
+      def->gdims[0] = (gcn_teams > 0) ? gcn_teams : get_cu_count (agent);
+      /* Each thread is 64 work items wide.  */
+      def->gdims[1] = 64;
+      /* A work group can have 16 wavefronts.  */
+      def->gdims[2] = (gcn_threads > 0) ? gcn_threads : 16;
+      def->wdims[0] = 1; /* Single team per work-group.  */
+      def->wdims[1] = 64;
+      def->wdims[2] = 16;
+      *result = def;
+      return true;
+    }
+  else if (!grid_attrs_found)
+    {
+      def->ndim = 1;
+      def->gdims[0] = 1;
+      def->gdims[1] = 1;
+      def->gdims[2] = 1;
+      def->wdims[0] = 1;
+      def->wdims[1] = 1;
+      def->wdims[2] = 1;
+      *result = def;
+      GCN_WARNING ("GOMP_OFFLOAD_run called with no launch attributes\n");
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *kla;
+  kla = (struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *) *input;
+  *result = kla;
+  if (kla->ndim == 0 || kla->ndim > 3)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Invalid number of dimensions (%u)", kla->ndim);
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("GOMP_OFFLOAD_run called with %u dimensions:\n", kla->ndim);
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < kla->ndim; i++)
+    {
+      GCN_DEBUG ("  Dimension %u: grid size %u and group size %u\n", i,
+		 kla->gdims[i], kla->wdims[i]);
+      if (kla->gdims[i] == 0)
+	return false;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return the group size given the requested GROUP size, GRID size and number
+   of grid dimensions NDIM.  */
+
+static uint32_t
+get_group_size (uint32_t ndim, uint32_t grid, uint32_t group)
+{
+  if (group == 0)
+    {
+      /* TODO: Provide a default via environment or device characteristics.  */
+      if (ndim == 1)
+	group = 64;
+      else if (ndim == 2)
+	group = 8;
+      else
+	group = 4;
+    }
+
+  if (group > grid)
+    group = grid;
+  return group;
+}
+
+/* Atomically store pair of uint16_t values (HEADER and REST) to a PACKET.  */
+
+static void
+packet_store_release (uint32_t* packet, uint16_t header, uint16_t rest)
+{
+  __atomic_store_n (packet, header | (rest << 16), __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
+}
+
+/* A never-called callback for the HSA command queues.  These signal events
+   that we don't use, so we trigger an error.
+ 
+   This "queue" is not to be confused with the async queues, below.  */
+
+static void
+hsa_queue_callback (hsa_status_t status,
+		hsa_queue_t *queue __attribute__ ((unused)),
+		void *data __attribute__ ((unused)))
+{
+  hsa_fatal ("Asynchronous queue error", status);
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ HSA initialization  */
+
+/* Populate hsa_fns with the function addresses from libhsa-runtime64.so.  */
+
+static bool
+init_hsa_runtime_functions (void)
+{
+#define DLSYM_FN(function) \
+  hsa_fns.function##_fn = dlsym (handle, #function); \
+  if (hsa_fns.function##_fn == NULL) \
+    return false;
+  void *handle = dlopen (hsa_runtime_lib, RTLD_LAZY);
+  if (handle == NULL)
+    return false;
+
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_status_string)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_system_get_info)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_agent_get_info)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_init)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_iterate_agents)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_region_get_info)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_queue_create)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_agent_iterate_regions)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_destroy)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_create)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_global_variable_define)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_load_code_object)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_freeze)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_signal_create)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_memory_allocate)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_memory_assign_agent)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_memory_copy)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_memory_free)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_signal_destroy)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_get_symbol)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_symbol_get_info)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_executable_iterate_symbols)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_queue_add_write_index_release)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_queue_load_read_index_acquire)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_signal_wait_acquire)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_signal_store_relaxed)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_signal_store_release)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_signal_load_acquire)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_queue_destroy)
+  DLSYM_FN (hsa_code_object_deserialize)
+  return true;
+#undef DLSYM_FN
+}
+
+/* Return true if the agent is a GPU and can accept of concurrent submissions
+   from different threads.  */
+
+static bool
+suitable_hsa_agent_p (hsa_agent_t agent)
+{
+  hsa_device_type_t device_type;
+  hsa_status_t status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_DEVICE,
+				     &device_type);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return false;
+
+  switch (device_type)
+    {
+    case HSA_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU:
+      break;
+    case HSA_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU:
+      if (!support_cpu_devices)
+	return false;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  uint32_t features = 0;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_FEATURE,
+					  &features);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS
+      || !(features & HSA_AGENT_FEATURE_KERNEL_DISPATCH))
+    return false;
+  hsa_queue_type_t queue_type;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent, HSA_AGENT_INFO_QUEUE_TYPE,
+					  &queue_type);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS
+      || (queue_type != HSA_QUEUE_TYPE_MULTI))
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Callback of hsa_iterate_agents; if AGENT is a GPU device, increment
+   agent_count in hsa_context.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+count_gpu_agents (hsa_agent_t agent, void *data __attribute__ ((unused)))
+{
+  if (suitable_hsa_agent_p (agent))
+    hsa_context.agent_count++;
+  return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Callback of hsa_iterate_agents; if AGENT is a GPU device, assign the agent
+   id to the describing structure in the hsa context.  The index of the
+   structure is pointed to by DATA, increment it afterwards.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+assign_agent_ids (hsa_agent_t agent, void *data)
+{
+  if (suitable_hsa_agent_p (agent))
+    {
+      int *agent_index = (int *) data;
+      hsa_context.agents[*agent_index].id = agent;
+      ++*agent_index;
+    }
+  return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Initialize hsa_context if it has not already been done.
+   Return TRUE on success.  */
+
+static bool
+init_hsa_context (void)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  int agent_index = 0;
+
+  if (hsa_context.initialized)
+    return true;
+  init_environment_variables ();
+  if (!init_hsa_runtime_functions ())
+    {
+      GCN_WARNING ("Run-time could not be dynamically opened\n");
+      if (suppress_host_fallback)
+	GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("GCN host fallback has been suppressed");
+      return false;
+    }
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_init_fn ();
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("Run-time could not be initialized", status);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("HSA run-time initialized for GCN\n");
+
+  if (debug)
+    dump_hsa_system_info ();
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_iterate_agents_fn (count_gpu_agents, NULL);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("GCN GPU devices could not be enumerated", status);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("There are %i GCN GPU devices.\n", hsa_context.agent_count);
+
+  hsa_context.agents
+    = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc_cleared (hsa_context.agent_count
+				  * sizeof (struct agent_info));
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_iterate_agents_fn (assign_agent_ids, &agent_index);
+  if (agent_index != hsa_context.agent_count)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to assign IDs to all GCN agents");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  if (debug)
+    {
+      status = hsa_fns.hsa_iterate_agents_fn (dump_hsa_agent_info, NULL);
+      if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to list all HSA runtime agents");
+    }
+
+  hsa_context.initialized = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Verify that hsa_context has already been initialized and return the
+   agent_info structure describing device number N.  Return NULL on error.  */
+
+static struct agent_info *
+get_agent_info (int n)
+{
+  if (!hsa_context.initialized)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Attempt to use uninitialized GCN context.");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  if (n >= hsa_context.agent_count)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Request to operate on non-existent GCN device %i", n);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  if (!hsa_context.agents[n].initialized)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Attempt to use an uninitialized GCN agent.");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  return &hsa_context.agents[n];
+}
+
+/* Callback of hsa_agent_iterate_regions, via get_*_memory_region functions.
+
+   Selects (breaks at) a suitable region of type KIND.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+get_memory_region (hsa_region_t region, hsa_region_t *retval,
+		   hsa_region_global_flag_t kind)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  hsa_region_segment_t segment;
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region, HSA_REGION_INFO_SEGMENT,
+					   &segment);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return status;
+  if (segment != HSA_REGION_SEGMENT_GLOBAL)
+    return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+  uint32_t flags;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_region_get_info_fn (region, HSA_REGION_INFO_GLOBAL_FLAGS,
+					   &flags);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return status;
+  if (flags & kind)
+    {
+      *retval = region;
+      return HSA_STATUS_INFO_BREAK;
+    }
+  return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* Callback of hsa_agent_iterate_regions.
+ 
+   Selects a kernargs memory region.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+get_kernarg_memory_region (hsa_region_t region, void *data)
+{
+  return get_memory_region (region, (hsa_region_t *)data,
+			    HSA_REGION_GLOBAL_FLAG_KERNARG);
+}
+
+/* Callback of hsa_agent_iterate_regions.
+
+   Selects a coarse-grained memory region suitable for the heap and
+   offload data.  */
+
+static hsa_status_t
+get_data_memory_region (hsa_region_t region, void *data)
+{
+  return get_memory_region (region, (hsa_region_t *)data,
+			    HSA_REGION_GLOBAL_FLAG_COARSE_GRAINED);
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Run  */
+
+/* Create or reuse a team arena.
+ 
+   Team arenas are used by OpenMP to avoid calling malloc multiple times
+   while setting up each team.  This is purely a performance optimization.
+
+   Allocating an arena also costs performance, albeit on the host side, so
+   this function will reuse an existing arena if a large enough one is idle.
+   The arena is released, but not deallocated, when the kernel exits.  */
+
+static void *
+get_team_arena (struct agent_info *agent, int num_teams)
+{
+  struct team_arena_list **next_ptr = &agent->team_arena_list;
+  struct team_arena_list *item;
+
+  for (item = *next_ptr; item; next_ptr = &item->next, item = item->next)
+    {
+      if (item->num_teams < num_teams)
+	continue;
+
+      if (pthread_mutex_trylock (&item->in_use))
+	continue;
+
+      return item->arena;
+    }
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Creating a new arena for %d teams\n", num_teams);
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_lock (&agent->team_arena_write_lock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not lock a GCN agent program mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  item = malloc (sizeof (*item));
+  item->num_teams = num_teams;
+  item->next = NULL;
+  *next_ptr = item;
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&item->in_use, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN team arena write mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_lock (&item->in_use))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not lock a GCN agent program mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&agent->team_arena_write_lock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not unlock a GCN agent program mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  const int TEAM_ARENA_SIZE = 64*1024;  /* Must match libgomp.h.  */
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_allocate_fn (agent->data_region,
+					   TEAM_ARENA_SIZE*num_teams,
+					   &item->arena);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not allocate memory for GCN kernel arena", status);
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_assign_agent_fn (item->arena, agent->id,
+					       HSA_ACCESS_PERMISSION_RW);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not assign arena memory to device", status);
+
+  return item->arena;
+}
+
+/* Mark a team arena available for reuse.  */
+
+static void
+release_team_arena (struct agent_info* agent, void *arena)
+{
+  struct team_arena_list *item;
+
+  for (item = agent->team_arena_list; item; item = item->next)
+    {
+      if (item->arena == arena)
+	{
+	  if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&item->in_use))
+	    GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not unlock a GCN agent program mutex");
+	  return;
+	}
+    }
+  GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not find a GCN arena to release.");
+}
+
+/* Clean up all the allocated team arenas.  */
+
+static bool
+destroy_team_arenas (struct agent_info *agent)
+{
+  struct team_arena_list *item, *next;
+
+  for (item = agent->team_arena_list; item; item = next)
+    {
+      next = item->next;
+      hsa_fns.hsa_memory_free_fn (item->arena);
+      if (pthread_mutex_destroy (&item->in_use))
+	{
+	  GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN team arena mutex");
+	  return false;
+	}
+      free (item);
+    }
+  agent->team_arena_list = NULL;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Allocate memory on a specified device.  */
+
+static void *
+alloc_by_agent (struct agent_info *agent, size_t size)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Allocating %zu bytes on device %d\n", size, agent->device_id);
+
+  /* Zero-size allocations are invalid, so in order to return a valid pointer
+     we need to pass a valid size.  One source of zero-size allocations is
+     kernargs for kernels that have no inputs or outputs (the kernel may
+     only use console output, for example).  */
+  if (size == 0)
+    size = 4;
+
+  void *ptr;
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_allocate_fn (agent->data_region,
+							size, &ptr);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not allocate device memory", status);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_assign_agent_fn (ptr, agent->id,
+					       HSA_ACCESS_PERMISSION_RW);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not assign data memory to device", status);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_thread ();
+  bool profiling_dispatch_p
+    = __builtin_expect (thr != NULL && thr->prof_info != NULL, false);
+  if (profiling_dispatch_p)
+    {
+      acc_prof_info *prof_info = thr->prof_info;
+      acc_event_info data_event_info;
+      acc_api_info *api_info = thr->api_info;
+
+      prof_info->event_type = acc_ev_alloc;
+
+      data_event_info.data_event.event_type = prof_info->event_type;
+      data_event_info.data_event.valid_bytes
+	= _ACC_DATA_EVENT_INFO_VALID_BYTES;
+      data_event_info.data_event.parent_construct
+	= acc_construct_parallel;
+      data_event_info.data_event.implicit = 1;
+      data_event_info.data_event.tool_info = NULL;
+      data_event_info.data_event.var_name = NULL;
+      data_event_info.data_event.bytes = size;
+      data_event_info.data_event.host_ptr = NULL;
+      data_event_info.data_event.device_ptr = (void *) ptr;
+
+      api_info->device_api = acc_device_api_other;
+
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_profiling_dispatch (prof_info, &data_event_info,
+					    api_info);
+    }
+
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+/* Create kernel dispatch data structure for given KERNEL, along with
+   the necessary device signals and memory allocations.  */
+
+static struct kernel_dispatch *
+create_kernel_dispatch (struct kernel_info *kernel, int num_teams)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = kernel->agent;
+  struct kernel_dispatch *shadow
+    = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc_cleared (sizeof (struct kernel_dispatch));
+
+  shadow->agent = kernel->agent;
+  shadow->object = kernel->object;
+
+  hsa_signal_t sync_signal;
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_signal_create_fn (1, 0, NULL, &sync_signal);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Error creating the GCN sync signal", status);
+
+  shadow->signal = sync_signal.handle;
+  shadow->private_segment_size = kernel->private_segment_size;
+  shadow->group_segment_size = kernel->group_segment_size;
+
+  /* We expect kernels to request a single pointer, explicitly, and the
+     rest of struct kernargs, implicitly.  If they request anything else
+     then something is wrong.  */
+  if (kernel->kernarg_segment_size > 8)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Unexpectedly large kernargs segment requested");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_allocate_fn (agent->kernarg_region,
+					   sizeof (struct kernargs),
+					   &shadow->kernarg_address);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not allocate memory for GCN kernel arguments", status);
+  struct kernargs *kernargs = shadow->kernarg_address;
+
+  /* Zero-initialize the output_data (minimum needed).  */
+  kernargs->out_ptr = (int64_t)&kernargs->output_data;
+  kernargs->output_data.next_output = 0;
+  for (unsigned i = 0;
+       i < (sizeof (kernargs->output_data.queue)
+	    / sizeof (kernargs->output_data.queue[0]));
+       i++)
+    kernargs->output_data.queue[i].written = 0;
+  kernargs->output_data.consumed = 0;
+
+  /* Pass in the heap location.  */
+  kernargs->heap_ptr = (int64_t)kernel->module->heap;
+
+  /* Create an arena.  */
+  if (kernel->kind == KIND_OPENMP)
+    kernargs->arena_ptr = (int64_t)get_team_arena (agent, num_teams);
+  else
+    kernargs->arena_ptr = 0;
+
+  /* Ensure we can recognize unset return values.  */
+  kernargs->output_data.return_value = 0xcafe0000;
+
+  return shadow;
+}
+
+/* Output any data written to console output from the kernel.  It is expected
+   that this function is polled during kernel execution.
+
+   We print all entries from the last item printed to the next entry without
+   a "written" flag.  If the "final" flag is set then it'll continue right to
+   the end.
+ 
+   The print buffer is circular, but the from and to locations don't wrap when
+   the buffer does, so the output limit is UINT_MAX.  The target blocks on
+   output when the buffer is full.  */
+
+static void
+console_output (struct kernel_info *kernel, struct kernargs *kernargs,
+		bool final)
+{
+  unsigned int limit = (sizeof (kernargs->output_data.queue)
+			/ sizeof (kernargs->output_data.queue[0]));
+
+  unsigned int from = __atomic_load_n (&kernargs->output_data.consumed,
+				       __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+  unsigned int to = kernargs->output_data.next_output;
+
+  if (from > to)
+    {
+      /* Overflow.  */
+      if (final)
+	printf ("GCN print buffer overflowed.\n");
+      return;
+    }
+
+  unsigned int i;
+  for (i = from; i < to; i++)
+    {
+      struct printf_data *data = &kernargs->output_data.queue[i%limit];
+
+      if (!data->written && !final)
+	break;
+
+      switch (data->type)
+	{
+	case 0: printf ("%.128s%ld\n", data->msg, data->ivalue); break;
+	case 1: printf ("%.128s%f\n", data->msg, data->dvalue); break;
+	case 2: printf ("%.128s%.128s\n", data->msg, data->text); break;
+	case 3: printf ("%.128s%.128s", data->msg, data->text); break;
+	default: printf ("GCN print buffer error!\n"); break;
+	}
+      data->written = 0;
+      __atomic_store_n (&kernargs->output_data.consumed, i+1,
+			__ATOMIC_RELEASE);
+    }
+  fflush (stdout);
+}
+
+/* Release data structure created for a kernel dispatch in SHADOW argument,
+   and clean up the signal and memory allocations.  */
+
+static void
+release_kernel_dispatch (struct kernel_dispatch *shadow)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Released kernel dispatch: %p\n", shadow);
+
+  struct kernargs *kernargs = shadow->kernarg_address;
+  void *arena = (void *)kernargs->arena_ptr;
+  if (arena)
+    release_team_arena (shadow->agent, arena);
+
+  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_free_fn (shadow->kernarg_address);
+
+  hsa_signal_t s;
+  s.handle = shadow->signal;
+  hsa_fns.hsa_signal_destroy_fn (s);
+
+  free (shadow);
+}
+
+/* Extract the properties from a kernel binary.  */
+
+static void
+init_kernel_properties (struct kernel_info *kernel)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  struct agent_info *agent = kernel->agent;
+  hsa_executable_symbol_t kernel_symbol;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_get_symbol_fn (agent->executable, NULL,
+						 kernel->name, agent->id,
+						 0, &kernel_symbol);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_warn ("Could not find symbol for kernel in the code object", status);
+      fprintf (stderr, "not found name: '%s'\n", kernel->name);
+      dump_executable_symbols (agent->executable);
+      goto failure;
+    }
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Located kernel %s\n", kernel->name);
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+    (kernel_symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_KERNEL_OBJECT, &kernel->object);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not extract a kernel object from its symbol", status);
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+    (kernel_symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_KERNEL_KERNARG_SEGMENT_SIZE,
+     &kernel->kernarg_segment_size);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not get info about kernel argument size", status);
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+    (kernel_symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_KERNEL_GROUP_SEGMENT_SIZE,
+     &kernel->group_segment_size);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not get info about kernel group segment size", status);
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+    (kernel_symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_KERNEL_PRIVATE_SEGMENT_SIZE,
+     &kernel->private_segment_size);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Could not get info about kernel private segment size",
+	       status);
+
+  /* The kernel type is not known until something tries to launch it.  */
+  kernel->kind = KIND_UNKNOWN;
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Kernel structure for %s fully initialized with "
+	     "following segment sizes: \n", kernel->name);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("  group_segment_size: %u\n",
+	     (unsigned) kernel->group_segment_size);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("  private_segment_size: %u\n",
+	     (unsigned) kernel->private_segment_size);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("  kernarg_segment_size: %u\n",
+	     (unsigned) kernel->kernarg_segment_size);
+  return;
+
+failure:
+  kernel->initialization_failed = true;
+}
+
+/* Do all the work that is necessary before running KERNEL for the first time.
+   The function assumes the program has been created, finalized and frozen by
+   create_and_finalize_hsa_program.  */
+
+static void
+init_kernel (struct kernel_info *kernel)
+{
+  if (pthread_mutex_lock (&kernel->init_mutex))
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Could not lock a GCN kernel initialization mutex");
+  if (kernel->initialized)
+    {
+      if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&kernel->init_mutex))
+	GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Could not unlock a GCN kernel initialization "
+			   "mutex");
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+  init_kernel_properties (kernel);
+
+  if (!kernel->initialization_failed)
+    {
+      GCN_DEBUG ("\n");
+
+      kernel->initialized = true;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&kernel->init_mutex))
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Could not unlock a GCN kernel initialization "
+		       "mutex");
+}
+
+/* Run KERNEL on its agent, pass VARS to it as arguments and take
+   launch attributes from KLA.
+   
+   MODULE_LOCKED indicates that the caller already holds the lock and
+   run_kernel need not lock it again.
+   If AQ is NULL then agent->sync_queue will be used.  */
+
+static void
+run_kernel (struct kernel_info *kernel, void *vars,
+	    struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *kla,
+	    struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq, bool module_locked)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("GCN launch on queue: %d:%d\n", kernel->agent->device_id,
+	     (aq ? aq->id : 0));
+  GCN_DEBUG ("GCN launch attribs: gdims:[");
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < kla->ndim; ++i)
+    {
+      if (i)
+	DEBUG_PRINT (", ");
+      DEBUG_PRINT ("%u", kla->gdims[i]);
+    }
+  DEBUG_PRINT ("], normalized gdims:[");
+  for (i = 0; i < kla->ndim; ++i)
+    {
+      if (i)
+	DEBUG_PRINT (", ");
+      DEBUG_PRINT ("%u", kla->gdims[i] / kla->wdims[i]);
+    }
+  DEBUG_PRINT ("], wdims:[");
+  for (i = 0; i < kla->ndim; ++i)
+    {
+      if (i)
+	DEBUG_PRINT (", ");
+      DEBUG_PRINT ("%u", kla->wdims[i]);
+    }
+  DEBUG_PRINT ("]\n");
+  DEBUG_FLUSH ();
+
+  struct agent_info *agent = kernel->agent;
+  if (!module_locked && pthread_rwlock_rdlock (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Unable to read-lock a GCN agent rwlock");
+
+  if (!agent->initialized)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Agent must be initialized");
+
+  if (!kernel->initialized)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Called kernel must be initialized");
+
+  hsa_queue_t *command_q = (aq ? aq->hsa_queue : kernel->agent->sync_queue);
+
+  uint64_t index
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_queue_add_write_index_release_fn (command_q, 1);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Got AQL index %llu\n", (long long int) index);
+
+  /* Wait until the queue is not full before writing the packet.   */
+  while (index - hsa_fns.hsa_queue_load_read_index_acquire_fn (command_q)
+	 >= command_q->size)
+    ;
+
+  /* Do not allow the dimensions to be overridden when running
+     constructors or destructors.  */
+  int override_x = kernel->kind == KIND_UNKNOWN ? 0 : override_x_dim;
+  int override_z = kernel->kind == KIND_UNKNOWN ? 0 : override_z_dim;
+
+  hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t *packet;
+  packet = ((hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t *) command_q->base_address)
+	   + index % command_q->size;
+
+  memset (((uint8_t *) packet) + 4, 0, sizeof (*packet) - 4);
+  packet->grid_size_x = override_x ? : kla->gdims[0];
+  packet->workgroup_size_x = get_group_size (kla->ndim,
+					     packet->grid_size_x,
+					     kla->wdims[0]);
+
+  if (kla->ndim >= 2)
+    {
+      packet->grid_size_y = kla->gdims[1];
+      packet->workgroup_size_y = get_group_size (kla->ndim, kla->gdims[1],
+						 kla->wdims[1]);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      packet->grid_size_y = 1;
+      packet->workgroup_size_y = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (kla->ndim == 3)
+    {
+      packet->grid_size_z = limit_worker_threads (override_z
+						  ? : kla->gdims[2]);
+      packet->workgroup_size_z = get_group_size (kla->ndim,
+						 packet->grid_size_z,
+						 kla->wdims[2]);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      packet->grid_size_z = 1;
+      packet->workgroup_size_z = 1;
+    }
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("GCN launch actuals: grid:[%u, %u, %u],"
+	     " normalized grid:[%u, %u, %u], workgroup:[%u, %u, %u]\n",
+	     packet->grid_size_x, packet->grid_size_y, packet->grid_size_z,
+	     packet->grid_size_x / packet->workgroup_size_x,
+	     packet->grid_size_y / packet->workgroup_size_y,
+	     packet->grid_size_z / packet->workgroup_size_z,
+	     packet->workgroup_size_x, packet->workgroup_size_y,
+	     packet->workgroup_size_z);
+
+  struct kernel_dispatch *shadow
+    = create_kernel_dispatch (kernel, packet->grid_size_x);
+  shadow->queue = command_q;
+
+  if (debug)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "\nKernel has following dependencies:\n");
+      print_kernel_dispatch (shadow, 2);
+    }
+
+  packet->private_segment_size = kernel->private_segment_size;
+  packet->group_segment_size = kernel->group_segment_size;
+  packet->kernel_object = kernel->object;
+  packet->kernarg_address = shadow->kernarg_address;
+  hsa_signal_t s;
+  s.handle = shadow->signal;
+  packet->completion_signal = s;
+  hsa_fns.hsa_signal_store_relaxed_fn (s, 1);
+  memcpy (shadow->kernarg_address, &vars, sizeof (vars));
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Copying kernel runtime pointer to kernarg_address\n");
+
+  uint16_t header;
+  header = HSA_PACKET_TYPE_KERNEL_DISPATCH << HSA_PACKET_HEADER_TYPE;
+  header |= HSA_FENCE_SCOPE_SYSTEM << HSA_PACKET_HEADER_ACQUIRE_FENCE_SCOPE;
+  header |= HSA_FENCE_SCOPE_SYSTEM << HSA_PACKET_HEADER_RELEASE_FENCE_SCOPE;
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Going to dispatch kernel %s on device %d\n", kernel->name,
+	     agent->device_id);
+
+  packet_store_release ((uint32_t *) packet, header,
+			(uint16_t) kla->ndim
+			<< HSA_KERNEL_DISPATCH_PACKET_SETUP_DIMENSIONS);
+
+  hsa_fns.hsa_signal_store_release_fn (command_q->doorbell_signal,
+				       index);
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Kernel dispatched, waiting for completion\n");
+
+  /* Root signal waits with 1ms timeout.  */
+  while (hsa_fns.hsa_signal_wait_acquire_fn (s, HSA_SIGNAL_CONDITION_LT, 1,
+					     1000 * 1000,
+					     HSA_WAIT_STATE_BLOCKED) != 0)
+    {
+      console_output (kernel, shadow->kernarg_address, false);
+    }
+  console_output (kernel, shadow->kernarg_address, true);
+
+  struct kernargs *kernargs = shadow->kernarg_address;
+  unsigned int return_value = (unsigned int)kernargs->output_data.return_value;
+
+  release_kernel_dispatch (shadow);
+
+  if (!module_locked && pthread_rwlock_unlock (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Unable to unlock a GCN agent rwlock");
+
+  unsigned int upper = (return_value & ~0xffff) >> 16;
+  if (upper == 0xcafe)
+    ; // exit not called, normal termination.
+  else if (upper == 0xffff)
+    ; // exit called.
+  else
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Possible kernel exit value corruption, 2 most"
+			 " significant bytes aren't 0xffff or 0xcafe: 0x%x\n",
+			 return_value);
+      abort ();
+    }
+
+  if (upper == 0xffff)
+    {
+      unsigned int signal = (return_value >> 8) & 0xff;
+
+      if (signal == SIGABRT)
+	{
+	  GCN_WARNING ("GCN Kernel aborted\n");
+	  abort ();
+	}
+      else if (signal != 0)
+	{
+	  GCN_WARNING ("GCN Kernel received unknown signal\n");
+	  abort ();
+	}
+
+      GCN_DEBUG ("GCN Kernel exited with value: %d\n", return_value & 0xff);
+      exit (return_value & 0xff);
+    }
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Load/Unload  */
+
+/* Initialize KERNEL from D and other parameters.  Return true on success. */
+
+static bool
+init_basic_kernel_info (struct kernel_info *kernel,
+			struct hsa_kernel_description *d,
+			struct agent_info *agent,
+			struct module_info *module)
+{
+  kernel->agent = agent;
+  kernel->module = module;
+  kernel->name = d->name;
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&kernel->init_mutex, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN kernel mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Find the load_offset for MODULE, save to *LOAD_OFFSET, and return true.  If
+   not found, return false.  */
+
+static bool
+find_load_offset (Elf64_Addr *load_offset, struct agent_info *agent,
+		  struct module_info *module, Elf64_Ehdr *image,
+		  Elf64_Shdr *sections)
+{
+  bool res = false;
+
+  hsa_status_t status;
+
+  hsa_executable_symbol_t symbol;
+  if (!find_executable_symbol (agent->executable, &symbol))
+    return false;
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+    (symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_VARIABLE_ADDRESS, load_offset);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not extract symbol address", status);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  char *symbol_name = get_executable_symbol_name (symbol);
+  if (symbol_name == NULL)
+    return false;
+
+  /* Find the kernel function in ELF, and calculate actual load offset.  */
+  for (int i = 0; i < image->e_shnum; i++)
+    if (sections[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB)
+      {
+	Elf64_Shdr *strtab = &sections[sections[i].sh_link];
+	char *strings = (char *)image + strtab->sh_offset;
+
+	for (size_t offset = 0;
+	     offset < sections[i].sh_size;
+	     offset += sections[i].sh_entsize)
+	  {
+	    Elf64_Sym *sym = (Elf64_Sym*)((char*)image
+					  + sections[i].sh_offset
+					  + offset);
+	    if (strcmp (symbol_name, strings + sym->st_name) == 0)
+	      {
+		*load_offset -= sym->st_value;
+		res = true;
+		break;
+	      }
+	  }
+      }
+
+  free (symbol_name);
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Create and finalize the program consisting of all loaded modules.  */
+
+static bool
+create_and_finalize_hsa_program (struct agent_info *agent)
+{
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  int reloc_count = 0;
+  bool res = true;
+  if (pthread_mutex_lock (&agent->prog_mutex))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not lock a GCN agent program mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (agent->prog_finalized)
+    goto final;
+
+  status
+    = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_create_fn (HSA_PROFILE_FULL,
+					HSA_EXECUTABLE_STATE_UNFROZEN,
+					"", &agent->executable);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not create GCN executable", status);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+
+  /* Load any GCN modules.  */
+  struct module_info *module = agent->module;
+  if (module)
+    {
+      Elf64_Ehdr *image = (Elf64_Ehdr *)module->image_desc->gcn_image->image;
+
+      /* Hide relocations from the HSA runtime loader.
+	 Keep a copy of the unmodified section headers to use later.  */
+      Elf64_Shdr *image_sections = (Elf64_Shdr *)((char *)image
+						  + image->e_shoff);
+      for (int i = image->e_shnum - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+	{
+	  if (image_sections[i].sh_type == SHT_RELA
+	      || image_sections[i].sh_type == SHT_REL)
+	    /* Change section type to something harmless.  */
+	    image_sections[i].sh_type |= 0x80;
+	}
+
+      hsa_code_object_t co = { 0 };
+      status = hsa_fns.hsa_code_object_deserialize_fn
+	(module->image_desc->gcn_image->image,
+	 module->image_desc->gcn_image->size,
+	 NULL, &co);
+      if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	{
+	  hsa_error ("Could not deserialize GCN code object", status);
+	  goto fail;
+	}
+
+      status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_load_code_object_fn
+	(agent->executable, agent->id, co, "");
+      if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	{
+	  hsa_error ("Could not load GCN code object", status);
+	  goto fail;
+	}
+
+      if (!module->heap)
+	{
+	  status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_allocate_fn (agent->data_region,
+						   gcn_kernel_heap_size,
+						   (void**)&module->heap);
+	  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	    {
+	      hsa_error ("Could not allocate memory for GCN heap", status);
+	      goto fail;
+	    }
+
+	  status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_assign_agent_fn
+			(module->heap, agent->id, HSA_ACCESS_PERMISSION_RW);
+	  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	    {
+	      hsa_error ("Could not assign GCN heap memory to device", status);
+	      goto fail;
+	    }
+
+	  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn (&module->heap->size,
+				      &gcn_kernel_heap_size,
+				      sizeof (gcn_kernel_heap_size));
+	}
+
+    }
+
+  if (debug)
+    dump_executable_symbols (agent->executable);
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_freeze_fn (agent->executable, "");
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not freeze the GCN executable", status);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+
+  if (agent->module)
+    {
+      struct module_info *module = agent->module;
+      Elf64_Ehdr *image = (Elf64_Ehdr *)module->image_desc->gcn_image->image;
+      Elf64_Shdr *sections = (Elf64_Shdr *)((char *)image + image->e_shoff);
+
+      Elf64_Addr load_offset;
+      if (!find_load_offset (&load_offset, agent, module, image, sections))
+	goto fail;
+
+      /* Record the physical load address range.
+	 We need this for data copies later.  */
+      Elf64_Phdr *segments = (Elf64_Phdr *)((char*)image + image->e_phoff);
+      Elf64_Addr low = ~0, high = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < image->e_phnum; i++)
+	if (segments[i].p_memsz > 0)
+	  {
+	    if (segments[i].p_paddr < low)
+	      low = segments[i].p_paddr;
+	    if (segments[i].p_paddr > high)
+	      high = segments[i].p_paddr + segments[i].p_memsz - 1;
+	  }
+      module->phys_address_start = low + load_offset;
+      module->phys_address_end = high + load_offset;
+
+      // Find dynamic symbol table
+      Elf64_Shdr *dynsym = NULL;
+      for (int i = 0; i < image->e_shnum; i++)
+	if (sections[i].sh_type == SHT_DYNSYM)
+	  {
+	    dynsym = &sections[i];
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+      /* Fix up relocations.  */
+      for (int i = 0; i < image->e_shnum; i++)
+	{
+	  if (sections[i].sh_type == (SHT_RELA | 0x80))
+	    for (size_t offset = 0;
+		 offset < sections[i].sh_size;
+		 offset += sections[i].sh_entsize)
+	      {
+		Elf64_Rela *reloc = (Elf64_Rela*)((char*)image
+						  + sections[i].sh_offset
+						  + offset);
+		Elf64_Sym *sym =
+		  (dynsym
+		   ? (Elf64_Sym*)((char*)image
+				  + dynsym->sh_offset
+				  + (dynsym->sh_entsize
+				     * ELF64_R_SYM (reloc->r_info)))
+		   : NULL);
+
+		int64_t S = (sym ? sym->st_value : 0);
+		int64_t P = reloc->r_offset + load_offset;
+		int64_t A = reloc->r_addend;
+		int64_t B = load_offset;
+		int64_t V, size;
+		switch (ELF64_R_TYPE (reloc->r_info))
+		  {
+		  case R_AMDGPU_ABS32_LO:
+		    V = (S + A) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+		    size = 4;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_ABS32_HI:
+		    V = (S + A) >> 32;
+		    size = 4;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_ABS64:
+		    V = S + A;
+		    size = 8;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_REL32:
+		    V = S + A - P;
+		    size = 4;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_REL64:
+		    /* FIXME
+		       LLD seems to emit REL64 where the the assembler has
+		       ABS64.  This is clearly wrong because it's not what the
+		       compiler is expecting.  Let's assume, for now, that
+		       it's a bug.  In any case, GCN kernels are always self
+		       contained and therefore relative relocations will have
+		       been resolved already, so this should be a safe
+		       workaround.  */
+		    V = S + A/* - P*/;
+		    size = 8;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_ABS32:
+		    V = S + A;
+		    size = 4;
+		    break;
+		    /* TODO R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL */
+		    /* TODO R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_LO */
+		    /* TODO R_AMDGPU_GOTPCREL32_HI */
+		  case R_AMDGPU_REL32_LO:
+		    V = (S + A - P) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+		    size = 4;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_REL32_HI:
+		    V = (S + A - P) >> 32;
+		    size = 4;
+		    break;
+		  case R_AMDGPU_RELATIVE64:
+		    V = B + A;
+		    size = 8;
+		    break;
+		  default:
+		    fprintf (stderr, "Error: unsupported relocation type.\n");
+		    exit (1);
+		  }
+		status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn ((void*)P, &V, size);
+		if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+		  {
+		    hsa_error ("Failed to fix up relocation", status);
+		    goto fail;
+		  }
+		reloc_count++;
+	      }
+	}
+    }
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Loaded GCN kernels to device %d (%d relocations)\n",
+	     agent->device_id, reloc_count);
+
+final:
+  agent->prog_finalized = true;
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&agent->prog_mutex))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not unlock a GCN agent program mutex");
+      res = false;
+    }
+
+  return res;
+
+fail:
+  res = false;
+  goto final;
+}
+
+/* Free the HSA program in agent and everything associated with it and set
+   agent->prog_finalized and the initialized flags of all kernels to false.
+   Return TRUE on success.  */
+
+static bool
+destroy_hsa_program (struct agent_info *agent)
+{
+  if (!agent->prog_finalized)
+    return true;
+
+  hsa_status_t status;
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Destroying the current GCN program.\n");
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_destroy_fn (agent->executable);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("Could not destroy GCN executable", status);
+
+  if (agent->module)
+    {
+      int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < agent->module->kernel_count; i++)
+	agent->module->kernels[i].initialized = false;
+
+      if (agent->module->heap)
+	{
+	  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_free_fn (agent->module->heap);
+	  agent->module->heap = NULL;
+	}
+    }
+  agent->prog_finalized = false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Deinitialize all information associated with MODULE and kernels within
+   it.  Return TRUE on success.  */
+
+static bool
+destroy_module (struct module_info *module, bool locked)
+{
+  /* Run destructors before destroying module.  */
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes kla =
+    { 3,
+      /* Grid size.  */
+      { 1, 64, 1 },
+      /* Work-group size.  */
+      { 1, 64, 1 }
+    };
+
+  if (module->fini_array_func)
+    {
+      init_kernel (module->fini_array_func);
+      run_kernel (module->fini_array_func, NULL, &kla, NULL, locked);
+    }
+  module->constructors_run_p = false;
+
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < module->kernel_count; i++)
+    if (pthread_mutex_destroy (&module->kernels[i].init_mutex))
+      {
+	GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN kernel initialization "
+			   "mutex");
+	return false;
+      }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Async  */
+
+/* Callback of dispatch queues to report errors.  */
+
+static void
+execute_queue_entry (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq, int index)
+{
+  struct queue_entry *entry = &aq->queue[index];
+
+  switch (entry->type)
+    {
+    case KERNEL_LAUNCH:
+      if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Executing launch entry (%d)\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, index);
+      run_kernel (entry->u.launch.kernel,
+		  entry->u.launch.vars,
+		  &entry->u.launch.kla, aq, false);
+      if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Executing launch entry (%d) done\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, index);
+      break;
+
+    case CALLBACK:
+      if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Executing callback entry (%d)\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, index);
+      entry->u.callback.fn (entry->u.callback.data);
+      if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Executing callback entry (%d) done\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, index);
+      break;
+
+    case ASYNC_WAIT:
+      {
+	/* FIXME: is it safe to access a placeholder that may already have
+	   been executed?  */
+        struct placeholder *placeholderp = entry->u.asyncwait.placeholderp;
+
+	if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+          GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Executing async wait entry (%d)\n",
+		     aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, index);
+
+	pthread_mutex_lock (&placeholderp->mutex);
+
+	while (!placeholderp->executed)
+          pthread_cond_wait (&placeholderp->cond, &placeholderp->mutex);
+
+	pthread_mutex_unlock (&placeholderp->mutex);
+
+	if (pthread_cond_destroy (&placeholderp->cond))
+	  GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy serialization cond");
+
+	if (pthread_mutex_destroy (&placeholderp->mutex))
+	  GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy serialization mutex");
+
+	if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+          GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Executing async wait "
+		     "entry (%d) done\n", aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, index);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case ASYNC_PLACEHOLDER:
+      pthread_mutex_lock (&entry->u.placeholder.mutex);
+      entry->u.placeholder.executed = 1;
+      pthread_cond_signal (&entry->u.placeholder.cond);
+      pthread_mutex_unlock (&entry->u.placeholder.mutex);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Unknown queue element");
+    }
+}
+
+/* This function is run as a thread to service an async queue in the
+   background.  It runs continuously until the stop flag is set.  */
+
+static void *
+drain_queue (void *thread_arg)
+{
+  struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq = thread_arg;
+
+  if (DRAIN_QUEUE_SYNCHRONOUS_P)
+    {
+      aq->drain_queue_stop = 2;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  while (true)
+    {
+      if (aq->drain_queue_stop)
+	break;
+
+      if (aq->queue_n > 0)
+	{
+	  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+	  execute_queue_entry (aq, aq->queue_first);
+
+	  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+	  aq->queue_first = ((aq->queue_first + 1)
+			     % ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE);
+	  aq->queue_n--;
+
+	  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: broadcasting queue out update\n",
+		       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+	  pthread_cond_broadcast (&aq->queue_cond_out);
+	  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+
+	  if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: continue\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+		       aq->id);
+	  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: going to sleep\n",
+		       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+	  pthread_cond_wait (&aq->queue_cond_in, &aq->mutex);
+	  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP)
+	    GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: woke up, rechecking\n",
+		       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+	}
+    }
+
+  aq->drain_queue_stop = 2;
+  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: broadcasting last queue out update\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  pthread_cond_broadcast (&aq->queue_cond_out);
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: returning\n", aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* This function is used only when DRAIN_QUEUE_SYNCHRONOUS_P is set, which
+   is not usually the case.  This is just a debug tool.  */
+
+static void
+drain_queue_synchronous (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  while (aq->queue_n > 0)
+    {
+      execute_queue_entry (aq, aq->queue_first);
+
+      aq->queue_first = ((aq->queue_first + 1)
+			 % ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE);
+      aq->queue_n--;
+    }
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+}
+
+/* Block the current thread until an async queue is writable.  */
+
+static void
+wait_for_queue_nonfull (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  if (aq->queue_n == ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE)
+    {
+      pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+      /* Queue is full.  Wait for it to not be full.  */
+      while (aq->queue_n == ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE)
+	pthread_cond_wait (&aq->queue_cond_out, &aq->mutex);
+
+      pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Request an asynchronous kernel launch on the specified queue.  This
+   may block if the queue is full, but returns without waiting for the
+   kernel to run.  */
+
+static void
+queue_push_launch (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq, struct kernel_info *kernel,
+		   void *vars, struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *kla)
+{
+  assert (aq->agent == kernel->agent);
+
+  wait_for_queue_nonfull (aq);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  int queue_last = ((aq->queue_first + aq->queue_n)
+		    % ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE);
+  if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("queue_push_launch %d:%d: at %i\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+	       aq->id, queue_last);
+
+  aq->queue[queue_last].type = KERNEL_LAUNCH;
+  aq->queue[queue_last].u.launch.kernel = kernel;
+  aq->queue[queue_last].u.launch.vars = vars;
+  aq->queue[queue_last].u.launch.kla = *kla;
+
+  aq->queue_n++;
+
+  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("signalling async thread %d:%d: cond_in\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  pthread_cond_signal (&aq->queue_cond_in);
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+}
+
+/* Request an asynchronous callback on the specified queue.  The callback
+   function will be called, with the given opaque data, from the appropriate
+   async thread, when all previous items on that queue are complete.  */
+
+static void
+queue_push_callback (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq, void (*fn)(void *),
+		     void *data)
+{
+  wait_for_queue_nonfull (aq);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  int queue_last = ((aq->queue_first + aq->queue_n)
+		    % ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE);
+  if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("queue_push_callback %d:%d: at %i\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+	       aq->id, queue_last);
+
+  aq->queue[queue_last].type = CALLBACK;
+  aq->queue[queue_last].u.callback.fn = fn;
+  aq->queue[queue_last].u.callback.data = data;
+
+  aq->queue_n++;
+
+  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("signalling async thread %d:%d: cond_in\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  pthread_cond_signal (&aq->queue_cond_in);
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+}
+
+/* Request that a given async thread wait for another thread (unspecified) to
+   reach the given placeholder.  The wait will occur when all previous entries
+   on the queue are complete.  A placeholder is effectively a kind of signal
+   which simply sets a flag when encountered in a queue.  */
+
+static void
+queue_push_asyncwait (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq,
+		      struct placeholder *placeholderp)
+{
+  wait_for_queue_nonfull (aq);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  int queue_last = ((aq->queue_first + aq->queue_n) % ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE);
+  if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("queue_push_asyncwait %d:%d: at %i\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+	       aq->id, queue_last);
+
+  aq->queue[queue_last].type = ASYNC_WAIT;
+  aq->queue[queue_last].u.asyncwait.placeholderp = placeholderp;
+
+  aq->queue_n++;
+
+  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("signalling async thread %d:%d: cond_in\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  pthread_cond_signal (&aq->queue_cond_in);
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+}
+
+/* Add a placeholder into an async queue.  When the async thread reaches the
+   placeholder it will set the "executed" flag to true and continue.
+   Another thread may be waiting on this thread reaching the placeholder.  */
+
+static struct placeholder *
+queue_push_placeholder (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  struct placeholder *placeholderp;
+
+  wait_for_queue_nonfull (aq);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  int queue_last = ((aq->queue_first + aq->queue_n) % ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE);
+  if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("queue_push_placeholder %d:%d: at %i\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+	       aq->id, queue_last);
+
+  aq->queue[queue_last].type = ASYNC_PLACEHOLDER;
+  placeholderp = &aq->queue[queue_last].u.placeholder;
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&placeholderp->mutex, NULL))
+    {
+      pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize serialization mutex");
+    }
+
+  if (pthread_cond_init (&placeholderp->cond, NULL))
+    {
+      pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize serialization cond");
+    }
+
+  placeholderp->executed = 0;
+
+  aq->queue_n++;
+
+  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("signalling async thread %d:%d: cond_in\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  pthread_cond_signal (&aq->queue_cond_in);
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  return placeholderp;
+}
+
+/* Signal an asynchronous thread to terminate, and wait for it to do so.  */
+
+static void
+finalize_async_thread (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+  if (aq->drain_queue_stop == 2)
+    {
+      pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  aq->drain_queue_stop = 1;
+
+  if (DEBUG_THREAD_SIGNAL)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("Signalling async thread %d:%d: cond_in\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+  pthread_cond_signal (&aq->queue_cond_in);
+
+  while (aq->drain_queue_stop != 2)
+    {
+      if (DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("Waiting for async thread %d:%d to finish, putting thread"
+		   " to sleep\n", aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+      pthread_cond_wait (&aq->queue_cond_out, &aq->mutex);
+      if (DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("Waiting, woke up thread %d:%d.  Rechecking\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+    }
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Done waiting for async thread %d:%d\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+	     aq->id);
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  int err = pthread_join (aq->thread_drain_queue, NULL);
+  if (err != 0)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("Join async thread %d:%d: failed: %s",
+		       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, strerror (err));
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Joined with async thread %d:%d\n", aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+}
+
+/* Set up an async queue for OpenMP.  There will be only one.  The
+   implementation simply uses an OpenACC async queue.
+   FIXME: is this thread-safe if two threads call this function?  */
+
+static void
+maybe_init_omp_async (struct agent_info *agent)
+{
+  if (!agent->omp_async_queue)
+    agent->omp_async_queue
+      = GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_construct (agent->device_id);
+}
+
+/* Copy data to or from a device.  This is intended for use as an async
+   callback event.  */
+
+static void
+copy_data (void *data_)
+{
+  struct copy_data *data = (struct copy_data *)data_;
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: Copying %zu bytes from (%p) to (%p)\n",
+	     data->aq->agent->device_id, data->aq->id, data->len, data->src,
+	     data->dst);
+  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn (data->dst, data->src, data->len);
+  if (data->free_src)
+    free ((void *) data->src);
+  free (data);
+}
+
+/* Free device data.  This is intended for use as an async callback event.  */
+
+static void
+gomp_offload_free (void *ptr)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread ?:?: Freeing %p\n", ptr);
+  GOMP_OFFLOAD_free (0, ptr);
+}
+
+/* Request an asynchronous data copy, to or from a device, on a given queue.
+   The event will be registered as a callback.  If FREE_SRC is true
+   then the source data will be freed following the copy.  */
+
+static void
+queue_push_copy (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq, void *dst, const void *src,
+		 size_t len, bool free_src)
+{
+  if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+    GCN_DEBUG ("queue_push_copy %d:%d: %zu bytes from (%p) to (%p)\n",
+	       aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, len, src, dst);
+  struct copy_data *data
+    = (struct copy_data *)GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct copy_data));
+  data->dst = dst;
+  data->src = src;
+  data->len = len;
+  data->free_src = free_src;
+  data->aq = aq;
+  queue_push_callback (aq, copy_data, data);
+}
+
+/* Return true if the given queue is currently empty.  */
+
+static int
+queue_empty (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+  int res = aq->queue_n == 0 ? 1 : 0;
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Wait for a given queue to become empty.  This implements an OpenACC wait
+   directive.  */
+
+static void
+wait_queue (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  if (DRAIN_QUEUE_SYNCHRONOUS_P)
+    {
+      drain_queue_synchronous (aq);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&aq->mutex);
+
+  while (aq->queue_n > 0)
+    {
+      if (DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("waiting for thread %d:%d, putting thread to sleep\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+      pthread_cond_wait (&aq->queue_cond_out, &aq->mutex);
+      if (DEBUG_THREAD_SLEEP)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("thread %d:%d woke up.  Rechecking\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+		   aq->id);
+    }
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&aq->mutex);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("waiting for thread %d:%d, done\n", aq->agent->device_id, aq->id);
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ OpenACC support  */
+
+/* Execute an OpenACC kernel, synchronously or asynchronously.  */
+
+static void
+gcn_exec (struct kernel_info *kernel, size_t mapnum, void **hostaddrs,
+	  void **devaddrs, unsigned *dims, void *targ_mem_desc, bool async,
+	  struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  if (!GOMP_OFFLOAD_can_run (kernel))
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("OpenACC host fallback unimplemented.");
+
+  /* If we get here then this must be an OpenACC kernel.  */
+  kernel->kind = KIND_OPENACC;
+
+  /* devaddrs must be double-indirect on the target.  */
+  void **ind_da = alloc_by_agent (kernel->agent, sizeof (void*) * mapnum);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < mapnum; i++)
+    hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn (&ind_da[i],
+				devaddrs[i] ? &devaddrs[i] : &hostaddrs[i],
+				sizeof (void *));
+
+  struct hsa_kernel_description *hsa_kernel_desc = NULL;
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < kernel->module->image_desc->kernel_count; i++)
+    {
+      struct hsa_kernel_description *d
+	= &kernel->module->image_desc->kernel_infos[i];
+      if (d->name == kernel->name)
+	{
+	  hsa_kernel_desc = d;
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* We may have statically-determined dimensions in
+     hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[] or dimensions passed to this offload kernel
+     invocation at runtime in dims[].  We allow static dimensions to take
+     priority over dynamic dimensions when present (non-zero).  */
+  if (hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[0] > 0)
+    dims[0] = hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[0];
+  if (hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[1] > 0)
+    dims[1] = hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[1];
+  if (hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[2] > 0)
+    dims[2] = hsa_kernel_desc->oacc_dims[2];
+
+  /* If any of the OpenACC dimensions remain 0 then we get to pick a number.
+     There isn't really a correct answer for this without a clue about the
+     problem size, so let's do a reasonable number of single-worker gangs.
+     64 gangs matches a typical Fiji device.  */
+
+  /* NOTE: Until support for middle-end worker partitioning is merged, use 1
+     for the default number of workers.  */
+  if (dims[0] == 0) dims[0] = get_cu_count (kernel->agent); /* Gangs.  */
+  if (dims[1] == 0) dims[1] = 1;  /* Workers.  */
+
+  /* The incoming dimensions are expressed in terms of gangs, workers, and
+     vectors.  The HSA dimensions are expressed in terms of "work-items",
+     which means multiples of vector lanes.
+
+     The "grid size" specifies the size of the problem space, and the
+     "work-group size" specifies how much of that we want a single compute
+     unit to chew on at once.
+
+     The three dimensions do not really correspond to hardware, but the
+     important thing is that the HSA runtime will launch as many
+     work-groups as it takes to process the entire grid, and each
+     work-group will contain as many wave-fronts as it takes to process
+     the work-items in that group.
+
+     Essentially, as long as we set the Y dimension to 64 (the number of
+     vector lanes in hardware), and the Z group size to the maximum (16),
+     then we will get the gangs (X) and workers (Z) launched as we expect.
+
+     The reason for the apparent reversal of vector and worker dimension
+     order is to do with the way the run-time distributes work-items across
+     v1 and v2.  */
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes kla =
+    {3,
+     /* Grid size.  */
+     {dims[0], 64, dims[1]},
+     /* Work-group size.  */
+     {1,       64, 16}
+    };
+
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_thread ();
+  acc_prof_info *prof_info = thr->prof_info;
+  acc_event_info enqueue_launch_event_info;
+  acc_api_info *api_info = thr->api_info;
+  bool profiling_dispatch_p = __builtin_expect (prof_info != NULL, false);
+  if (profiling_dispatch_p)
+    {
+      prof_info->event_type = acc_ev_enqueue_launch_start;
+
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.event_type
+	= prof_info->event_type;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.valid_bytes
+	= _ACC_LAUNCH_EVENT_INFO_VALID_BYTES;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.parent_construct
+	= acc_construct_parallel;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.implicit = 1;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.tool_info = NULL;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.kernel_name
+	= (char *) kernel->name;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.num_gangs = kla.gdims[0];
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.num_workers = kla.gdims[2];
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.vector_length = kla.gdims[1];
+
+      api_info->device_api = acc_device_api_other;
+
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_profiling_dispatch (prof_info,
+	&enqueue_launch_event_info, api_info);
+    }
+
+  if (!async)
+    {
+      run_kernel (kernel, ind_da, &kla, NULL, false);
+      gomp_offload_free (ind_da);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      queue_push_launch (aq, kernel, ind_da, &kla);
+      if (DEBUG_QUEUES)
+	GCN_DEBUG ("queue_push_callback %d:%d gomp_offload_free, %p\n",
+		   aq->agent->device_id, aq->id, ind_da);
+      queue_push_callback (aq, gomp_offload_free, ind_da);
+    }
+
+  if (profiling_dispatch_p)
+    {
+      prof_info->event_type = acc_ev_enqueue_launch_end;
+      enqueue_launch_event_info.launch_event.event_type = prof_info->event_type;
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_profiling_dispatch (prof_info,
+					    &enqueue_launch_event_info,
+					    api_info);
+    }
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ Generic Plugin API  */
+
+/* Return the name of the accelerator, which is "gcn".  */
+
+const char *
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_name (void)
+{
+  return "gcn";
+}
+
+/* Return the specific capabilities the HSA accelerator have.  */
+
+unsigned int
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_caps (void)
+{
+  /* FIXME: Enable shared memory for APU, but not discrete GPU.  */
+  return /*GOMP_OFFLOAD_CAP_SHARED_MEM |*/ GOMP_OFFLOAD_CAP_OPENMP_400
+	    | GOMP_OFFLOAD_CAP_OPENACC_200;
+}
+
+/* Identify as GCN accelerator.  */
+
+int
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_type (void)
+{
+  return OFFLOAD_TARGET_TYPE_GCN;
+}
+
+/* Return the libgomp version number we're compatible with.  There is
+   no requirement for cross-version compatibility.  */
+
+unsigned
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_version (void)
+{
+  return GOMP_VERSION;
+}
+
+/* Return the number of GCN devices on the system.  */
+
+int
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_num_devices (void)
+{
+  if (!init_hsa_context ())
+    return 0;
+  return hsa_context.agent_count;
+}
+
+/* Initialize device (agent) number N so that it can be used for computation.
+   Return TRUE on success.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_init_device (int n)
+{
+  if (!init_hsa_context ())
+    return false;
+  if (n >= hsa_context.agent_count)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Request to initialize non-existent GCN device %i", n);
+      return false;
+    }
+  struct agent_info *agent = &hsa_context.agents[n];
+
+  if (agent->initialized)
+    return true;
+
+  agent->device_id = n;
+
+  if (pthread_rwlock_init (&agent->module_rwlock, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN agent rwlock");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&agent->prog_mutex, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN agent program mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&agent->async_queues_mutex, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN agent queue mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&agent->team_arena_write_lock, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN team arena write mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  agent->async_queues = NULL;
+  agent->omp_async_queue = NULL;
+  agent->team_arena_list = NULL;
+
+  uint32_t queue_size;
+  hsa_status_t status;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent->id,
+					  HSA_AGENT_INFO_QUEUE_MAX_SIZE,
+					  &queue_size);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("Error requesting maximum queue size of the GCN agent",
+		      status);
+
+  char buf[64];
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_get_info_fn (agent->id, HSA_AGENT_INFO_NAME,
+					  &buf);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("Error querying the name of the agent", status);
+  agent->gfx900_p = (strncmp (buf, "gfx900", 6) == 0);
+
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_queue_create_fn (agent->id, queue_size,
+					HSA_QUEUE_TYPE_MULTI,
+					hsa_queue_callback, NULL, UINT32_MAX,
+					UINT32_MAX, &agent->sync_queue);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("Error creating command queue", status);
+
+  agent->kernarg_region.handle = (uint64_t) -1;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_iterate_regions_fn (agent->id,
+						 get_kernarg_memory_region,
+						 &agent->kernarg_region);
+  if (agent->kernarg_region.handle == (uint64_t) -1)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not find suitable memory region for kernel "
+			 "arguments");
+      return false;
+    }
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Selected kernel arguments memory region:\n");
+  dump_hsa_region (agent->kernarg_region, NULL);
+
+  agent->data_region.handle = (uint64_t) -1;
+  status = hsa_fns.hsa_agent_iterate_regions_fn (agent->id,
+						 get_data_memory_region,
+						 &agent->data_region);
+  if (agent->data_region.handle == (uint64_t) -1)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Could not find suitable memory region for device "
+			 "data");
+      return false;
+    }
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Selected device data memory region:\n");
+  dump_hsa_region (agent->data_region, NULL);
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("GCN agent %d initialized\n", n);
+
+  agent->initialized = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Load GCN object-code module described by struct gcn_image_desc in
+   TARGET_DATA and return references to kernel descriptors in TARGET_TABLE.
+   If there are any constructors then run them.  */
+
+int
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_load_image (int ord, unsigned version, const void *target_data,
+			 struct addr_pair **target_table)
+{
+  if (GOMP_VERSION_DEV (version) != GOMP_VERSION_GCN)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Offload data incompatible with GCN plugin"
+			 " (expected %u, received %u)",
+			 GOMP_VERSION_GCN, GOMP_VERSION_DEV (version));
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  struct gcn_image_desc *image_desc = (struct gcn_image_desc *) target_data;
+  struct agent_info *agent;
+  struct addr_pair *pair;
+  struct module_info *module;
+  struct kernel_info *kernel;
+  int kernel_count = image_desc->kernel_count;
+  unsigned var_count = image_desc->global_variable_count;
+
+  agent = get_agent_info (ord);
+  if (!agent)
+    return -1;
+
+  if (pthread_rwlock_wrlock (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Unable to write-lock a GCN agent rwlock");
+      return -1;
+    }
+  if (agent->prog_finalized
+      && !destroy_hsa_program (agent))
+    return -1;
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Encountered %d kernels in an image\n", kernel_count);
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Encountered %u global variables in an image\n", var_count);
+  pair = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc ((kernel_count + var_count - 2)
+			     * sizeof (struct addr_pair));
+  *target_table = pair;
+  module = (struct module_info *)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc_cleared (sizeof (struct module_info)
+				+ kernel_count * sizeof (struct kernel_info));
+  module->image_desc = image_desc;
+  module->kernel_count = kernel_count;
+  module->heap = NULL;
+  module->constructors_run_p = false;
+
+  kernel = &module->kernels[0];
+
+  /* Allocate memory for kernel dependencies.  */
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < kernel_count; i++)
+    {
+      struct hsa_kernel_description *d = &image_desc->kernel_infos[i];
+      if (!init_basic_kernel_info (kernel, d, agent, module))
+	return -1;
+      if (strcmp (d->name, "_init_array") == 0)
+	module->init_array_func = kernel;
+      else if (strcmp (d->name, "_fini_array") == 0)
+        module->fini_array_func = kernel;
+      else
+	{
+	  pair->start = (uintptr_t) kernel;
+	  pair->end = (uintptr_t) (kernel + 1);
+	  pair++;
+	}
+      kernel++;
+    }
+
+  agent->module = module;
+  if (pthread_rwlock_unlock (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Unable to unlock a GCN agent rwlock");
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  if (!create_and_finalize_hsa_program (agent))
+    return -1;
+
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < var_count; i++)
+    {
+      struct global_var_info *v = &image_desc->global_variables[i];
+      GCN_DEBUG ("Looking for variable %s\n", v->name);
+
+      hsa_status_t status;
+      hsa_executable_symbol_t var_symbol;
+      status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_get_symbol_fn (agent->executable, NULL,
+						     v->name, agent->id,
+						     0, &var_symbol);
+
+      if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	hsa_fatal ("Could not find symbol for variable in the code object",
+		   status);
+
+      uint64_t var_addr;
+      uint32_t var_size;
+      status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+	(var_symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_VARIABLE_ADDRESS, &var_addr);
+      if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	hsa_fatal ("Could not extract a variable from its symbol", status);
+      status = hsa_fns.hsa_executable_symbol_get_info_fn
+	(var_symbol, HSA_EXECUTABLE_SYMBOL_INFO_VARIABLE_SIZE, &var_size);
+      if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+	hsa_fatal ("Could not extract a variable size from its symbol", status);
+
+      pair->start = var_addr;
+      pair->end = var_addr + var_size;
+      GCN_DEBUG ("Found variable %s at %p with size %u\n", v->name,
+		 (void *)var_addr, var_size);
+      pair++;
+    }
+
+  /* Ensure that constructors are run first.  */
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes kla =
+    { 3,
+      /* Grid size.  */
+      { 1, 64, 1 },
+      /* Work-group size.  */
+      { 1, 64, 1 }
+    };
+
+  if (module->init_array_func)
+    {
+      init_kernel (module->init_array_func);
+      run_kernel (module->init_array_func, NULL, &kla, NULL, false);
+    }
+  module->constructors_run_p = true;
+
+  /* Don't report kernels that libgomp need not know about.  */
+  if (module->init_array_func)
+    kernel_count--;
+  if (module->fini_array_func)
+    kernel_count--;
+
+  return kernel_count + var_count;
+}
+
+/* Unload GCN object-code module described by struct gcn_image_desc in
+   TARGET_DATA from agent number N.  Return TRUE on success.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_unload_image (int n, unsigned version, const void *target_data)
+{
+  if (GOMP_VERSION_DEV (version) != GOMP_VERSION_GCN)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Offload data incompatible with GCN plugin"
+			 " (expected %u, received %u)",
+			 GOMP_VERSION_GCN, GOMP_VERSION_DEV (version));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  struct agent_info *agent;
+  agent = get_agent_info (n);
+  if (!agent)
+    return false;
+
+  if (pthread_rwlock_wrlock (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Unable to write-lock a GCN agent rwlock");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  if (!agent->module || agent->module->image_desc != target_data)
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Attempt to unload an image that has never been "
+			 "loaded before");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  if (!destroy_module (agent->module, true))
+    return false;
+  free (agent->module);
+  agent->module = NULL;
+  if (!destroy_hsa_program (agent))
+    return false;
+  if (pthread_rwlock_unlock (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Unable to unlock a GCN agent rwlock");
+      return false;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Deinitialize all information and status associated with agent number N.  We
+   do not attempt any synchronization, assuming the user and libgomp will not
+   attempt deinitialization of a device that is in any way being used at the
+   same time.  Return TRUE on success.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_fini_device (int n)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (n);
+  if (!agent)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!agent->initialized)
+    return true;
+
+  if (agent->omp_async_queue)
+    {
+      GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_destruct (agent->omp_async_queue);
+      agent->omp_async_queue = NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (agent->module)
+    {
+      if (!destroy_module (agent->module, false))
+	return false;
+      free (agent->module);
+      agent->module = NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (!destroy_team_arenas (agent))
+    return false;
+
+  if (!destroy_hsa_program (agent))
+    return false;
+
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_queue_destroy_fn (agent->sync_queue);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    return hsa_error ("Error destroying command queue", status);
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_destroy (&agent->prog_mutex))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN agent program mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_rwlock_destroy (&agent->module_rwlock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN agent rwlock");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_destroy (&agent->async_queues_mutex))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN agent queue mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_mutex_destroy (&agent->team_arena_write_lock))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN team arena mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  agent->initialized = false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return true if the HSA runtime can run function FN_PTR.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_can_run (void *fn_ptr)
+{
+  struct kernel_info *kernel = (struct kernel_info *) fn_ptr;
+
+  init_kernel (kernel);
+  if (kernel->initialization_failed)
+    goto failure;
+
+  return true;
+
+failure:
+  if (suppress_host_fallback)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("GCN host fallback has been suppressed");
+  GCN_WARNING ("GCN target cannot be launched, doing a host fallback\n");
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Allocate memory on device N.  */
+
+void *
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_alloc (int n, size_t size)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (n);
+  return alloc_by_agent (agent, size);
+}
+
+/* Free memory from device N.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_free (int device, void *ptr)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Freeing memory on device %d\n", device);
+
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_memory_free_fn (ptr);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Could not free device memory", status);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_thread ();
+  bool profiling_dispatch_p
+    = __builtin_expect (thr != NULL && thr->prof_info != NULL, false);
+  if (profiling_dispatch_p)
+    {
+      acc_prof_info *prof_info = thr->prof_info;
+      acc_event_info data_event_info;
+      acc_api_info *api_info = thr->api_info;
+
+      prof_info->event_type = acc_ev_free;
+
+      data_event_info.data_event.event_type = prof_info->event_type;
+      data_event_info.data_event.valid_bytes
+	= _ACC_DATA_EVENT_INFO_VALID_BYTES;
+      data_event_info.data_event.parent_construct
+	= acc_construct_parallel;
+      data_event_info.data_event.implicit = 1;
+      data_event_info.data_event.tool_info = NULL;
+      data_event_info.data_event.var_name = NULL;
+      data_event_info.data_event.bytes = 0;
+      data_event_info.data_event.host_ptr = NULL;
+      data_event_info.data_event.device_ptr = (void *) ptr;
+
+      api_info->device_api = acc_device_api_other;
+
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_goacc_profiling_dispatch (prof_info, &data_event_info,
+					    api_info);
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Copy data from DEVICE to host.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_dev2host (int device, void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Copying %zu bytes from device %d (%p) to host (%p)\n", n, device,
+	     src, dst);
+  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn (dst, src, n);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Copy data from host to DEVICE.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_host2dev (int device, void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Copying %zu bytes from host (%p) to device %d (%p)\n", n, src,
+	     device, dst);
+  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn (dst, src, n);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Copy data within DEVICE.  Do the copy asynchronously, if appropriate.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_dev2dev (int device, void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
+{
+  struct gcn_thread *thread_data = gcn_thread ();
+
+  if (thread_data && !async_synchronous_p (thread_data->async))
+    {
+      struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (device);
+      maybe_init_omp_async (agent);
+      queue_push_copy (agent->omp_async_queue, dst, src, n, false);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Copying %zu bytes from device %d (%p) to device %d (%p)\n", n,
+	     device, src, device, dst);
+  hsa_fns.hsa_memory_copy_fn (dst, src, n);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* }}}  */
+/* {{{ OpenMP Plugin API  */
+
+/* Run a synchronous OpenMP kernel on DEVICE and pass it an array of pointers
+   in VARS as a parameter.  The kernel is identified by FN_PTR which must point
+   to a kernel_info structure, and must have previously been loaded to the
+   specified device.  */
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_run (int device, void *fn_ptr, void *vars, void **args)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (device);
+  struct kernel_info *kernel = (struct kernel_info *) fn_ptr;
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes def;
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *kla;
+  assert (agent == kernel->agent);
+
+  /* If we get here then the kernel must be OpenMP.  */
+  kernel->kind = KIND_OPENMP;
+
+  if (!parse_target_attributes (args, &def, &kla, agent))
+    {
+      GCN_WARNING ("Will not run GCN kernel because the grid size is zero\n");
+      return;
+    }
+  run_kernel (kernel, vars, kla, NULL, false);
+}
+
+/* Run an asynchronous OpenMP kernel on DEVICE.  This is similar to
+   GOMP_OFFLOAD_run except that the launch is queued and there is a call to
+   GOMP_PLUGIN_target_task_completion when it has finished.  */
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_async_run (int device, void *tgt_fn, void *tgt_vars,
+			void **args, void *async_data)
+{
+  GCN_DEBUG ("GOMP_OFFLOAD_async_run invoked\n");
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (device);
+  struct kernel_info *kernel = (struct kernel_info *) tgt_fn;
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes def;
+  struct GOMP_kernel_launch_attributes *kla;
+  assert (agent == kernel->agent);
+
+  /* If we get here then the kernel must be OpenMP.  */
+  kernel->kind = KIND_OPENMP;
+
+  if (!parse_target_attributes (args, &def, &kla, agent))
+    {
+      GCN_WARNING ("Will not run GCN kernel because the grid size is zero\n");
+      return;
+    }
+
+  maybe_init_omp_async (agent);
+  queue_push_launch (agent->omp_async_queue, kernel, tgt_vars, kla);
+  queue_push_callback (agent->omp_async_queue,
+		       GOMP_PLUGIN_target_task_completion, async_data);
+}
+
+/* }}} */
+/* {{{ OpenACC Plugin API  */
+
+/* Run a synchronous OpenACC kernel.  The device number is inferred from the
+   already-loaded KERNEL.  */
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_exec (void (*fn_ptr) (void *), size_t mapnum,
+			   void **hostaddrs, void **devaddrs, unsigned *dims,
+			   void *targ_mem_desc)
+{
+  struct kernel_info *kernel = (struct kernel_info *) fn_ptr;
+
+  gcn_exec (kernel, mapnum, hostaddrs, devaddrs, dims, targ_mem_desc, false,
+	    NULL);
+}
+
+/* Run an asynchronous OpenACC kernel on the specified queue.  */
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_exec (void (*fn_ptr) (void *), size_t mapnum,
+				 void **hostaddrs, void **devaddrs,
+				 unsigned *dims, void *targ_mem_desc,
+				 struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  struct kernel_info *kernel = (struct kernel_info *) fn_ptr;
+
+  gcn_exec (kernel, mapnum, hostaddrs, devaddrs, dims, targ_mem_desc, true,
+	    aq);
+}
+
+/* Create a new asynchronous thread and queue for running future kernels.  */
+
+struct goacc_asyncqueue *
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_construct (int device)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (device);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&agent->async_queues_mutex);
+
+  struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (*aq));
+  aq->agent = get_agent_info (device);
+  aq->prev = NULL;
+  aq->next = agent->async_queues;
+  if (aq->next)
+    {
+      aq->next->prev = aq;
+      aq->id = aq->next->id + 1;
+    }
+  else
+    aq->id = 1;
+  agent->async_queues = aq;
+
+  aq->queue_first = 0;
+  aq->queue_n = 0;
+  aq->drain_queue_stop = 0;
+
+  if (pthread_mutex_init (&aq->mutex, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN agent queue mutex");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_cond_init (&aq->queue_cond_in, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN agent queue cond");
+      return false;
+    }
+  if (pthread_cond_init (&aq->queue_cond_out, NULL))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to initialize a GCN agent queue cond");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_queue_create_fn (agent->id,
+						     ASYNC_QUEUE_SIZE,
+						     HSA_QUEUE_TYPE_MULTI,
+						     hsa_queue_callback, NULL,
+						     UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX,
+						     &aq->hsa_queue);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    hsa_fatal ("Error creating command queue", status);
+
+  int err = pthread_create (&aq->thread_drain_queue, NULL, &drain_queue, aq);
+  if (err != 0)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("GCN asynchronous thread creation failed: %s",
+		       strerror (err));
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: created\n", aq->agent->device_id,
+	     aq->id);
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&agent->async_queues_mutex);
+
+  return aq;
+}
+
+/* Destroy an exisiting asynchronous thread and queue.  Waits for any
+   currently-running task to complete, but cancels any queued tasks.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_destruct (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = aq->agent;
+
+  finalize_async_thread (aq);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&agent->async_queues_mutex);
+
+  int err;
+  if ((err = pthread_mutex_destroy (&aq->mutex)))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN async queue mutex: %d", err);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+  if (pthread_cond_destroy (&aq->queue_cond_in))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN async queue cond");
+      goto fail;
+    }
+  if (pthread_cond_destroy (&aq->queue_cond_out))
+    {
+      GOMP_PLUGIN_error ("Failed to destroy a GCN async queue cond");
+      goto fail;
+    }
+  hsa_status_t status = hsa_fns.hsa_queue_destroy_fn (aq->hsa_queue);
+  if (status != HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      hsa_error ("Error destroying command queue", status);
+      goto fail;
+    }
+
+  if (aq->prev)
+    aq->prev->next = aq->next;
+  if (aq->next)
+    aq->next->prev = aq->prev;
+  if (agent->async_queues == aq)
+    agent->async_queues = aq->next;
+
+  GCN_DEBUG ("Async thread %d:%d: destroyed\n", agent->device_id, aq->id);
+
+  free (aq);
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&agent->async_queues_mutex);
+  return true;
+
+fail:
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&agent->async_queues_mutex);
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if the specified async queue is currently empty.  */
+
+int
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_test (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  return queue_empty (aq);
+}
+
+/* Block until the specified queue has executed all its tasks and the
+   queue is empty.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_synchronize (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  wait_queue (aq);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Add a serialization point across two async queues. Any new tasks added to
+   AQ2, after this call, will not run until all tasks on AQ1, at the time
+   of this call, have completed.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_serialize (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq1,
+				      struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq2)
+{
+  /* For serialize, stream aq2 waits for aq1 to complete work that has been
+     scheduled to run on it up to this point.  */
+  if (aq1 != aq2)
+    {
+      struct placeholder *placeholderp = queue_push_placeholder (aq1);
+      queue_push_asyncwait (aq2, placeholderp);
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Add an opaque callback to the given async queue.  */
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_queue_callback (struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq,
+					   void (*fn) (void *), void *data)
+{
+  queue_push_callback (aq, fn, data);
+}
+
+/* Queue up an asynchronous data copy from host to DEVICE.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_host2dev (int device, void *dst, const void *src,
+				     size_t n, struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (device);
+  assert (agent == aq->agent);
+  /* The source data does not necessarily remain live until the deferred
+     copy happens.  Taking a snapshot of the data here avoids reading
+     uninitialised data later, but means that (a) data is copied twice and
+     (b) modifications to the copied data between the "spawning" point of
+     the asynchronous kernel and when it is executed will not be seen.
+     But, that is probably correct.  */
+  void *src_copy = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (n);
+  memcpy (src_copy, src, n);
+  queue_push_copy (aq, dst, src_copy, n, true);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Queue up an asynchronous data copy from DEVICE to host.  */
+
+bool
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_dev2host (int device, void *dst, const void *src,
+				     size_t n, struct goacc_asyncqueue *aq)
+{
+  struct agent_info *agent = get_agent_info (device);
+  assert (agent == aq->agent);
+  queue_push_copy (aq, dst, src, n, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Set up plugin-specific thread-local-data (host-side).  */
+
+void *
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data (int ord __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+  struct gcn_thread *thread_data
+    = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct gcn_thread));
+
+  thread_data->async = GOMP_ASYNC_SYNC;
+
+  return (void *) thread_data;
+}
+
+/* Clean up plugin-specific thread-local-data.  */
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_destroy_thread_data (void *data)
+{
+  free (data);
+}
+
+/* }}} */