diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index faa7a0052a5..67cc7d7bcec 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -7417,6 +7417,7 @@ extern unsigned get_importing_module (tree, bool = false) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
 extern void set_instantiating_module (tree);
 extern void set_defining_module (tree);
 extern void maybe_key_decl (tree ctx, tree decl);
+extern void propagate_defining_module (tree decl, tree orig);
 
 extern void mangle_module (int m, bool include_partition);
 extern void mangle_module_fini ();
@@ -7649,6 +7650,7 @@ extern bool template_guide_p			(const_tree);
 extern bool builtin_guide_p			(const_tree);
 extern void store_explicit_specifier		(tree, tree);
 extern tree lookup_explicit_specifier		(tree);
+extern tree lookup_imported_hidden_friend	(tree);
 extern void walk_specializations		(bool,
 						 void (*)(bool, spec_entry *,
 							  void *),
diff --git a/gcc/cp/decl.cc b/gcc/cp/decl.cc
index 91268ff631d..d88e0698652 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/decl.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/decl.cc
@@ -2276,30 +2276,35 @@ duplicate_decls (tree newdecl, tree olddecl, bool hiding, bool was_hidden)
 
   if (modules_p ()
       && TREE_CODE (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (olddecl)) == NAMESPACE_DECL
-      && TREE_CODE (olddecl) != NAMESPACE_DECL
-      && !hiding)
+      && TREE_CODE (olddecl) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
     {
       if (!module_may_redeclare (olddecl, newdecl))
 	return error_mark_node;
 
-      tree not_tmpl = STRIP_TEMPLATE (olddecl);
-      if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (not_tmpl)
-	  && DECL_MODULE_ATTACH_P (not_tmpl)
-	  /* Typedefs are not entities and so are OK to be redeclared
-	     as exported: see [module.interface]/p6.  */
-	  && TREE_CODE (olddecl) != TYPE_DECL)
+      if (!hiding)
 	{
-	  if (DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (STRIP_TEMPLATE (newdecl))
-	      && !DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (not_tmpl))
+	  /* The old declaration should match the exportingness of the new
+	     declaration.  But hidden friend declarations just keep the
+	     exportingness of the old declaration; see CWG2588.  */
+	  tree not_tmpl = STRIP_TEMPLATE (olddecl);
+	  if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (not_tmpl)
+	      && DECL_MODULE_ATTACH_P (not_tmpl)
+	      /* Typedefs are not entities and so are OK to be redeclared
+		 as exported: see [module.interface]/p6.  */
+	      && TREE_CODE (olddecl) != TYPE_DECL)
 	    {
-	      auto_diagnostic_group d;
-	      error ("conflicting exporting for declaration %qD", newdecl);
-	      inform (olddecl_loc,
-		      "previously declared here without exporting");
+	      if (DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (newdecl)
+		  && !DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (not_tmpl))
+		{
+		  auto_diagnostic_group d;
+		  error ("conflicting exporting for declaration %qD", newdecl);
+		  inform (olddecl_loc,
+			  "previously declared here without exporting");
+		}
 	    }
+	  else if (DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (newdecl))
+	    DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (not_tmpl) = true;
 	}
-      else if (DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (newdecl))
-	DECL_MODULE_EXPORT_P (not_tmpl) = true;
     }
 
   /* We have committed to returning OLDDECL at this point.  */
diff --git a/gcc/cp/module.cc b/gcc/cp/module.cc
index 0e2e60f85ae..c5141e5245b 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/module.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/module.cc
@@ -2727,6 +2727,12 @@ vec<tree, va_heap, vl_embed> *post_load_decls;
 typedef hash_map<tree, auto_vec<tree>> keyed_map_t;
 static keyed_map_t *keyed_table;
 
+/* Instantiations of temploid friends imported from another module
+   need to be attached to the same module as the temploid.  This maps
+   these decls to the temploid they are instantiated them, as there is
+   no other easy way to get this information.  */
+static hash_map<tree, tree> *imported_temploid_friends;
+
 /********************************************************************/
 /* Tree streaming.   The tree streaming is very specific to the tree
    structures themselves.  A tag indicates the kind of tree being
@@ -7820,6 +7826,12 @@ trees_out::decl_value (tree decl, depset *dep)
 		  && DECL_MODULE_ATTACH_P (not_tmpl))
 		is_attached = true;
 
+	      /* But don't consider imported temploid friends as attached,
+		 since importers will need to merge this decl even if it was
+		 attached to a different module.  */
+	      if (imported_temploid_friends->get (decl))
+		is_attached = false;
+
 	      bits.b (is_attached);
 	    }
 	  bits.b (dep && dep->has_defn ());
@@ -7997,6 +8009,15 @@ trees_out::decl_value (tree decl, depset *dep)
 	}
     }
 
+  if (TREE_CODE (inner) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      || TREE_CODE (inner) == TYPE_DECL)
+    {
+      /* Write imported temploid friends so that importers can reconstruct
+	 this information on stream-in.  */
+      tree* slot = imported_temploid_friends->get (decl);
+      tree_node (slot ? *slot : NULL_TREE);
+    }
+
   bool is_typedef = false;
   if (!type && TREE_CODE (inner) == TYPE_DECL)
     {
@@ -8303,6 +8324,11 @@ trees_in::decl_value ()
 	}
     }
 
+  if (TREE_CODE (inner) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      || TREE_CODE (inner) == TYPE_DECL)
+    if (tree owner = tree_node ())
+      imported_temploid_friends->put (decl, owner);
+
   /* Regular typedefs will have a NULL TREE_TYPE at this point.  */
   unsigned tdef_flags = 0;
   bool is_typedef = false;
@@ -18939,6 +18965,12 @@ get_originating_module_decl (tree decl)
 	  && DECL_UNINSTANTIATED_TEMPLATE_FRIEND_P (decl))
 	decl = TYPE_NAME (DECL_CHAIN (decl));
 
+      /* An imported temploid friend is attached to the same module the
+	 befriending class was.  */
+      if (imported_temploid_friends)
+	if (tree *slot = imported_temploid_friends->get (decl))
+	  decl = *slot;
+
       int use;
       if (tree ti = node_template_info (decl, use))
 	{
@@ -19247,6 +19279,34 @@ maybe_key_decl (tree ctx, tree decl)
   vec.safe_push (decl);
 }
 
+/* DECL is an instantiated friend that should be attached to the same
+   module that ORIG is.  */
+
+void
+propagate_defining_module (tree decl, tree orig)
+{
+  if (!modules_p ())
+    return;
+
+  tree not_tmpl = STRIP_TEMPLATE (orig);
+  if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (not_tmpl) && DECL_MODULE_ATTACH_P (not_tmpl))
+    {
+      tree inner = STRIP_TEMPLATE (decl);
+      retrofit_lang_decl (inner);
+      DECL_MODULE_ATTACH_P (inner) = true;
+    }
+
+  if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (not_tmpl) && DECL_MODULE_IMPORT_P (not_tmpl))
+    {
+      bool exists = imported_temploid_friends->put (decl, orig);
+
+      /* We should only be called if lookup for an existing decl
+	 failed, in which case there shouldn't already be an entry
+	 in the map.  */
+      gcc_assert (!exists);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Create the flat name string.  It is simplest to have it handy.  */
 
 void
@@ -20460,6 +20520,8 @@ init_modules (cpp_reader *reader)
       pending_table = new pending_map_t (EXPERIMENT (1, 400));
       entity_map = new entity_map_t (EXPERIMENT (1, 400));
       vec_safe_reserve (entity_ary, EXPERIMENT (1, 400));
+      imported_temploid_friends
+	= new hash_map<tree,tree> (EXPERIMENT (1, 400));
     }
 
 #if CHECKING_P
diff --git a/gcc/cp/name-lookup.cc b/gcc/cp/name-lookup.cc
index 7af7f00e34c..4dffc0e9acc 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/name-lookup.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/name-lookup.cc
@@ -4131,6 +4131,22 @@ mergeable_namespace_slots (tree ns, tree name, bool is_attached, tree *vec)
   return vslot;
 }
 
+/* Retrieve the bindings for an existing mergeable entity in namespace
+   NS slot NAME.  Returns NULL if no such bindings exists.  */
+
+static tree
+get_mergeable_namespace_binding (tree ns, tree name, bool is_attached)
+{
+  tree *mslot = find_namespace_slot (ns, name, false);
+  if (!mslot || !*mslot || TREE_CODE (*mslot) != BINDING_VECTOR)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  tree *vslot = get_fixed_binding_slot
+    (mslot, name, is_attached ? BINDING_SLOT_PARTITION : BINDING_SLOT_GLOBAL,
+     false);
+  return vslot ? *vslot : NULL_TREE;
+}
+
 /* DECL is a new mergeable namespace-scope decl.  Add it to the
    mergeable entities on GSLOT.  */
 
@@ -4453,6 +4469,43 @@ push_local_binding (tree id, tree decl, bool is_using)
   add_decl_to_level (b, decl);
 }
 
+/* Lookup the FRIEND_TMPL within all merged module imports.  Used to dedup
+   instantiations of temploid hidden friends from imported modules.  */
+
+tree
+lookup_imported_hidden_friend (tree friend_tmpl)
+{
+  /* For a class-scope friend class it should have been found by regular
+     name lookup.  Otherwise we're looking in the current namespace.  */
+  gcc_checking_assert (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (friend_tmpl) == current_namespace);
+
+  tree inner = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (friend_tmpl);
+  if (!DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (inner)
+      || !DECL_MODULE_IMPORT_P (inner))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* Imported temploid friends are not considered as attached to this
+     module for merging purposes.  */
+  tree bind = get_mergeable_namespace_binding (current_namespace,
+					       DECL_NAME (inner), false);
+  if (!bind)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* We're only interested in declarations coming from the same module
+     of the friend class we're attempting to instantiate.  */
+  int m = get_originating_module (friend_tmpl);
+  gcc_assert (m != 0);
+
+  /* There should be at most one class template from the module we're
+     looking for, return it.  */
+  for (ovl_iterator iter (bind); iter; ++iter)
+    if (DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (*iter)
+	&& get_originating_module (*iter) == m)
+      return *iter;
+
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
 
 /* true means unconditionally make a BLOCK for the next level pushed.  */
 
diff --git a/gcc/cp/pt.cc b/gcc/cp/pt.cc
index 3b2106dd3f6..1c3eef60c06 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/pt.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/pt.cc
@@ -11512,6 +11512,10 @@ tsubst_friend_function (tree decl, tree args)
 	  new_friend_result_template_info = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (not_tmpl);
 	}
 
+      /* We need to propagate module attachment for the new friend from the
+	 owner of this template.  */
+      propagate_defining_module (new_friend, decl);
+
       /* Inside pushdecl_namespace_level, we will push into the
 	 current namespace. However, the friend function should go
 	 into the namespace of the template.  */
@@ -11715,6 +11719,12 @@ tsubst_friend_class (tree friend_tmpl, tree args)
   tmpl = lookup_name (DECL_NAME (friend_tmpl), LOOK_where::CLASS_NAMESPACE,
 		      LOOK_want::NORMAL | LOOK_want::HIDDEN_FRIEND);
 
+  if (!tmpl)
+    /* If we didn't find by name lookup, the type may still exist but as a
+       'hidden' import; we should check for this too to avoid accidentally
+       instantiating a duplicate.  */
+    tmpl = lookup_imported_hidden_friend (friend_tmpl);
+
   if (tmpl && DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (tmpl))
     {
       /* The friend template has already been declared.  Just
@@ -11723,6 +11733,12 @@ tsubst_friend_class (tree friend_tmpl, tree args)
 	 of course.  We only need the innermost template parameters
 	 because that is all that redeclare_class_template will look
 	 at.  */
+
+      if (modules_p ())
+	/* Check that the existing declaration's module attachment is
+	   compatible with the attachment of the friend template.  */
+	module_may_redeclare (tmpl, friend_tmpl);
+
       if (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (friend_tmpl))
 	  > TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (args))
 	{
@@ -11751,9 +11767,16 @@ tsubst_friend_class (tree friend_tmpl, tree args)
       if (tmpl != error_mark_node)
 	{
 	  /* The new TMPL is not an instantiation of anything, so we
-	     forget its origins.  We don't reset CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE
+	     forget its origins.  It is also not a specialization of
+	     anything.  We don't reset CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE
 	     for the new type because that is supposed to be the
 	     corresponding template decl, i.e., TMPL.  */
+	  spec_entry elt;
+	  elt.tmpl = friend_tmpl;
+	  elt.args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (TREE_TYPE (tmpl));
+	  elt.spec = TREE_TYPE (tmpl);
+	  type_specializations->remove_elt (&elt);
+
 	  DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (tmpl) = 0;
 	  DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (tmpl) = NULL_TREE;
 	  CLASSTYPE_USE_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (tmpl)) = 0;
@@ -11772,6 +11795,10 @@ tsubst_friend_class (tree friend_tmpl, tree args)
 						     args, tf_warning_or_error);
 	    }
 
+	  /* We need to propagate the attachment of the original template to the
+	     newly instantiated template type.  */
+	  propagate_defining_module (tmpl, friend_tmpl);
+
 	  /* Inject this template into the enclosing namspace scope.  */
 	  tmpl = pushdecl_namespace_level (tmpl, /*hiding=*/true);
 	}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_a.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7547326e554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// PR c++/105320
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts -Wno-global-module" }
+// { dg-module-cmi test_support }
+
+module;
+template<class> struct _Sp_atomic;
+template<class> struct shared_ptr {
+  template<class> friend struct _Sp_atomic;
+  using atomic_type = _Sp_atomic<int>;
+};
+export module test_support;
+export
+template<class T> struct A {
+   shared_ptr<T> data;
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b88ee4258b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// PR c++/105320
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import test_support;
+A<int> a;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_c.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_c.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..90bcd18a45e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_c.C
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// PR c++/105320
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi user:part }
+
+export module user:part;
+import test_support; 
+export A<int> b;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_d.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_d.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..861d19c9eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-10_d.C
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// PR c++/105320
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi user }
+
+export module user;
+export import :part;
+import test_support; 
+A<double> c;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-11_a.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-11_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f29eebd1a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-11_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// PR c++/114275
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts -Wno-global-module" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M }
+
+module;
+
+template <typename... _Elements> struct T;
+
+template <typename H> struct T<H> {
+  template <typename...> friend struct T;
+};
+
+export module M;
+export template <typename=void> void fun() { T<int> t; }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-11_b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-11_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bf79998139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-11_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// PR c++/114275
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import M;
+int main() { fun(); }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_a.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..216dbf62c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M:A }
+
+module M:A;
+
+template <typename T> struct A {
+  template <typename U> friend struct B;
+private:
+  int x = 42;
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26e1c38b518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M:B }
+
+export module M:B;
+import :A;
+
+export template <typename U> struct B {
+  int foo(A<U> a) { return a.x; }
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_c.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_c.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e44c2819cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_c.C
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M:C }
+
+export module M:C;
+import :A;
+
+template <typename T> struct B;
+export template <typename T, typename U> int bar(B<T> t, U u) {
+  return t.foo(u);
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_d.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_d.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a575ad5046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_d.C
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M }
+
+export module M;
+export import :B;
+export import :C;
+
+export int go_in_module();
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_e.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_e.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..329d1e8b263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_e.C
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+module M;
+
+int go_in_module() {
+  return bar(B<int>{}, A<int>{});
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_f.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_f.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9855663fbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-12_f.C
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import M;
+
+int main() {
+  B<double> b{};
+  go_in_module();
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_a.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c972776d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M }
+
+export module M;
+export template <typename> struct A {
+  friend struct S;
+  template <typename> friend struct T;
+};
+
+export template <typename> struct B {
+  friend void f();
+  template <typename> friend void g();
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e27e97b113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import M;
+
+A<int> a;
+struct S {};  // { dg-error "conflicts with import" }
+template <typename> struct T {};  // { dg-error "conflicts with import" }
+
+B<int> c;
+void f() {}  // { dg-error "conflicts with import" }
+template <typename> void g() {}  // { dg-error "conflicts with import" }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_c.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_c.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3464aa26bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_c.C
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import M;
+
+struct S {};  // { dg-error "conflicts with import" }
+template <typename> struct T {};  // { dg-message "previously declared" }
+A<int> a;  // { dg-message "required from here" }
+
+void f() {}  // { dg-message "previously declared" }
+template <typename> void g() {}  // { dg-message "previously declared" }
+B<int> b;  // { dg-message "required from here" }
+
+// { dg-error "conflicting declaration" "" { target *-*-* } 0 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_d.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_d.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b935474ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_d.C
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi X }
+
+export module X;
+export import M;
+A<int> ax;
+B<int> bx;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_e.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_e.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afbd0a39c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_e.C
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+// 'import X' does not correctly notice that S has already been declared.
+struct S {};  // { dg-message "previously declared" "" { xfail *-*-* } }
+template <typename> struct T {};  // { dg-message "previously declared" }
+void f() {}  // { dg-message "previously declared" }
+template <typename T> void g() {}  // { dg-message "previously declared" }
+
+import X;
+A<double> a2;  // { dg-message "required from here" }
+B<double> b2;  // { dg-message "required from here" }
+
+// specifically, S and T are defined in M, not X, despite the instantiation being in X
+// { dg-error "conflicting declaration \[^\n\r\]* S@M" "" { xfail *-*-* } 0 }
+// { dg-error "conflicting declaration \[^\n\r\]* T@M" "" { target *-*-* } 0 }
+// and similarly for f and g
+// { dg-error "conflicting declaration \[^\n\r\]* f@M" "" { target *-*-* } 0 }
+// { dg-error "conflicting declaration \[^\n\r\]* g@M" "" { target *-*-* } 0 }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_f.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_f.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..287f95c7bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_f.C
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi Y }
+
+export module Y;
+export import M;
+A<double> ay;
+B<double> by;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_g.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_g.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7da60f2322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-13_g.C
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import X;
+import Y;
+
+// This should happily refer to the same S and T
+// as already instantiated in both X and Y
+A<long> az;
+
+// And same for f and g
+B<long> bz;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_a.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_a.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6912512ecf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_a.C
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M }
+
+export module M;
+
+export extern "C++" template <typename> struct A {
+  template <typename> friend struct B;
+};
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_b.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_b.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f8aa7fd62e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_b.C
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi X }
+
+export module X;
+export import M;
+
+A<int> x;
+export extern "C++" template <typename T> struct B { using type = T; };
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_c.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_c.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d89298878a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_c.C
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi Y }
+
+export module Y;
+export import M;
+
+A<double> x;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_d.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_d.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a842586b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-14_d.C
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+
+import X;
+import Y;
+
+int main() {
+  A<long> a;
+  B<int>::type r = 10;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-9.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-9.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7216f0f8c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/modules/tpl-friend-9.C
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// PR c++/114275
+// { dg-additional-options "-fmodules-ts" }
+// { dg-module-cmi M }
+
+export module M;
+
+template<class> struct A {
+  template<class> friend struct B;
+  friend void C();
+};
+A<int> a;
+void C() {}
+template<class> struct B { };
