diff mbox

Merge current set of OpenACC changes from gomp-4_0-branch

Message ID 20150204150545.2628ad35@octopus
State New
Headers show

Commit Message

Julian Brown Feb. 4, 2015, 3:05 p.m. UTC
On Tue, 3 Feb 2015 23:01:04 +0300
Ilya Verbin <iverbin@gmail.com> wrote:

> On 03 Feb 13:00, Julian Brown wrote:
> > On Tue, 3 Feb 2015 14:28:44 +0300
> > Ilya Verbin <iverbin@gmail.com> wrote:
> > > On 27 Jan 14:07, Julian Brown wrote:
> > > > On Mon, 26 Jan 2015 17:34:26 +0300
> > > > Ilya Verbin <iverbin@gmail.com> wrote:
> > > > > Here is my current patch, it works for OpenMP->MIC, but
> > > > > obviously will not work for PTX, since it requires
> > > > > symmetrical changes in the plugin.  Could you please take a
> > > > > look, whether it is possible to support this new interface in
> > > > > PTX plugin?
> > > > 
> > > > I think it can probably be made to work. I'll have a look in
> > > > more detail.
> > > 
> > > Do you have any progress on this?
> > 
> > I'm still working on a patch to update OpenACC support and the PTX
> > backend to use load/unload_image and to unify
> > initialisation/"opening". So far I think the answer is basically
> > "yes, the new interface can be supported", though I might request a
> > minor tweak -- e.g. that load_image takes an extra "void **"
> > argument so that a libgomp backend can allocate a block of generic
> > metadata relating to the image, then that same block would be
> > passed (void *) to the unload hook so the backend can use it there
> > and deallocate it when it's finished with.
> > 
> > Would that be possible? (It'd mostly be for a "CUmodule" handle:
> > this could be stashed away somewhere within the nvptx backend, but
> > it might be neater to put it in generic code since it'll probably
> > be useful for other backends anyway.)
> 
> An extra argument is not a problem, however I don't quite get the
> idea. PTX plugin allocates some data while loading, and needs this
> data while unloading?  Then why not to create a hash table with
> image_ptr -> metadata mapping inside the plugin? [...]

Right -- that's what I meant by "could be stashed away somewhere within
the nvptx backend". I just thought that retaining a generic chunk of
state for each (JIT-compiled, in this case) block of code might be
something that would be useful for other targets too. I've kept
the required information (for now at least) within the nvptx backend as
an associative list.

This (WIP) patch is based on top of a version of your patch that I
merged to our internal branch: that's still the easiest way for me to
test the PTX backend (with unloading support) at present, and it passes
libgomp testing that way. Trunk should be fairly close, but I haven't
tried applying it there yet.

The major changes are:

* The removal of the OpenACC-specific plugin hooks open_device,
  close_device, set_device_num and get_device_num. The functionality
  has been moved into the init/fini hooks (for the first two) or moved
  into the target-independent OpenACC parts, respectively.

* The PTX mkoffload utility has been extended to support variables as
  well as function mapping, to fill out support for the load/unload
  image hooks. (Not really tested so far!)

* The plugin hooks that are shared between OpenMP and OpenACC now
  support the "device number" argument properly: that should help with
  (eventually) unifying the plugin interface for the two APIs. (With
  set_device_num and get_device_num removed, the plugin is "stateless"
  with respect to which device is currently active. The rest of the
  OpenACC hooks -- async functions, etc. -- should probably be changed
  to take a device number argument too, but that could be a follow-on
  patch.)

* The limitation of having only one type of device active simultaneously
  in the OpenACC runtime has (theoretically!) been removed.

Thoughts?

Thanks,

Julian

ChangeLog

    gcc/
    * config/nvptx/mkoffload.c (process): Support variable mapping.

    libgomp/
    * libgomp.h (acc_dispatch_t): Remove open_device_func,
    close_device_func, get_device_num_func, set_device_num_func,
    target_data members. Change create_thread_data_func argument to
    device number instead of generic pointer.
    * oacc-async.c (assert.h): Include.
    (acc_async_test, acc_async_test_all, acc_wait, acc_wait_async)
    (acc_wait_all, acc_wait_all_async): Use current host thread's
    active device, not base_dev.
    * oacc-cuda.c (acc_get_current_cuda_device)
    (acc_get_current_cuda_context, acc_get_cuda_stream)
    (acc_set_cuda_stream): Likewise.
    * oacc-host.c (host_dispatch): Don't set open_device_func,
    close_device_func, get_device_num_func or set_device_num_func.
    * oacc-init.c (base_dev, init_key): Remove.
    (cached_base_dev): New.
    (name_of_acc_device_t): New.
    (acc_init_1): Initialise default-numbered device, not zeroth.
    (acc_shutdown_1): Close all devices of a given type.
    (goacc_destroy_thread): Don't use base_dev.
    (lazy_open, lazy_init, lazy_init_and_open): Remove.
    (goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device): New.
    (acc_init): Reimplement with goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device.
    (acc_get_num_devices): Don't use base_dev.
    (acc_set_device_type): Reimplement.
    (acc_get_device_type): Don't use base_dev.
    (acc_get_device_num): Tweak logic.
    (acc_set_device_num): Likewise.
    (goacc_runtime_initialize): Initialize cached_base_dev not base_dev.
    (goacc_lazy_initialize): Reimplement with acc_init and
    goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device.
    * oacc-int.h (goacc_thread): Add base_dev field.
    (base_dev): Remove extern declaration.
    (goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device): Add prototype.
    * oacc-mem.c (acc_malloc): Use current thread's device instead of
    base_dev.
    (acc_free): Likewise.
    (acc_memcpy_to_device): Likewise.
    (acc_memcpy_from_device): Likewise.
    * oacc-parallel.c (select_acc_device): Remove. Replace calls with
    goacc_lazy_initialize (throughout).
    * target.c (gomp_load_plugin_for_device): Don't initialise openacc
    open_device, close_device, get_device_num or set_device_num hooks.
    Don't initialise target_data.
    * plugin/plugin-host.c (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_open_device)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_close_device)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_get_device_num)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_set_device_num): Remove.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data): Change (unused) argument
    to int.
    * plugin/plugin-nvptx.c (pthread.h): Include.
    (ptx_inited): Remove.
    (instantiated_devices, ptx_dev_lock): New.
    (struct ptx_image_data): New.
    (ptx_devices, ptx_images, ptx_image_lock): New.
    (nvptx_get_num_devices): Remove forward declaration.
    (nvptx_init): Change return type to bool.
    (nvptx_fini): Remove.
    (nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device): New.
    (nvptx_open_device): Remove struct ptx_device* instead of void*.
    (nvptx_close_device): Change argument type to struct ptx_device*,
    return type to void.
    (nvptx_get_num_devices): Use instantiated_devices not ptx_inited.
    (kernel_target_data, kernel_host_table): Remove static globals.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_register_image, GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_table): Remove.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_init_device): Reimplement.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_fini_device): Likewise.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_load_image, GOMP_OFFLOAD_unload_image): New.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_alloc, GOMP_OFFLOAD_free, GOMP_OFFLOAD_dev2host)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_host2dev): Use ORD argument.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_open_device)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_close_device)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_set_device_num)
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_get_device_num): Remove.
    (GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data): Change argument to int
    (device number).

Comments

Ilya Verbin Feb. 18, 2015, 12:25 p.m. UTC | #1
On Wed, Feb 04, 2015 at 15:05:45 +0000, Julian Brown wrote:
> This (WIP) patch is based on top of a version of your patch that I
> merged to our internal branch: that's still the easiest way for me to
> test the PTX backend (with unloading support) at present, and it passes
> libgomp testing that way. Trunk should be fairly close, but I haven't
> tried applying it there yet.
> 
> The major changes are:
> 
> * The removal of the OpenACC-specific plugin hooks open_device,
>   close_device, set_device_num and get_device_num. The functionality
>   has been moved into the init/fini hooks (for the first two) or moved
>   into the target-independent OpenACC parts, respectively.
> 
> * The PTX mkoffload utility has been extended to support variables as
>   well as function mapping, to fill out support for the load/unload
>   image hooks. (Not really tested so far!)
> 
> * The plugin hooks that are shared between OpenMP and OpenACC now
>   support the "device number" argument properly: that should help with
>   (eventually) unifying the plugin interface for the two APIs. (With
>   set_device_num and get_device_num removed, the plugin is "stateless"
>   with respect to which device is currently active. The rest of the
>   OpenACC hooks -- async functions, etc. -- should probably be changed
>   to take a device number argument too, but that could be a follow-on
>   patch.)
> 
> * The limitation of having only one type of device active simultaneously
>   in the OpenACC runtime has (theoretically!) been removed.
> 
> Thoughts?

Up.

I have no comments here since I'm not familiar with OpenACC and PTX, but I hope
that Thomas and Jakub will review this and my corresponding patches [1], [2]
before the final closure of the trunk.

[1] https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2015-01/msg02275.html
[2] https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2014-11/msg01912.html

  -- Ilya
diff mbox

Patch

commit 70cf9f51e9a2581385a4f07ff848b5dc4ac588d3
Author: Julian Brown <julian@codesourcery.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 29 06:04:10 2015 -0800

    Adapt nvptx backend to new load/unload mechanism.

diff --git a/gcc/config/nvptx/mkoffload.c b/gcc/config/nvptx/mkoffload.c
index 1cd92d1..640d6a3 100644
--- a/gcc/config/nvptx/mkoffload.c
+++ b/gcc/config/nvptx/mkoffload.c
@@ -748,6 +748,7 @@  process (FILE *in, FILE *out)
 {
   const char *input = read_file (in);
   Token *tok = tokenize (input);
+  unsigned int nvars = 0, nfuncs = 0;
 
   do
     tok = parse_file (tok);
@@ -759,16 +760,17 @@  process (FILE *in, FILE *out)
   write_stmts (out, rev_stmts (fns));
   fprintf (out, ";\n\n");
   fprintf (out, "static const char *var_mappings[] = {\n");
-  for (id_map *id = var_ids; id; id = id->next)
+  for (id_map *id = var_ids; id; id = id->next, nvars++)
     fprintf (out, "\t\"%s\"%s\n", id->ptx_name, id->next ? "," : "");
   fprintf (out, "};\n\n");
   fprintf (out, "static const char *func_mappings[] = {\n");
-  for (id_map *id = func_ids; id; id = id->next)
+  for (id_map *id = func_ids; id; id = id->next, nfuncs++)
     fprintf (out, "\t\"%s\"%s\n", id->ptx_name, id->next ? "," : "");
   fprintf (out, "};\n\n");
 
   fprintf (out, "static const void *target_data[] = {\n");
-  fprintf (out, "  ptx_code, var_mappings, func_mappings\n");
+  fprintf (out, "  ptx_code, (void*) %u, var_mappings, (void*) %u, "
+		"func_mappings\n", nvars, nfuncs);
   fprintf (out, "};\n\n");
 
   fprintf (out, "#ifdef __cplusplus\n");
diff --git a/libgomp/libgomp.h b/libgomp/libgomp.h
index e901bc8..7e8884c 100644
--- a/libgomp/libgomp.h
+++ b/libgomp/libgomp.h
@@ -690,18 +690,6 @@  typedef struct acc_dispatch_t
   /* This is guarded by the lock in the "outer" struct gomp_device_descr.  */
   struct target_mem_desc *data_environ;
 
-  /* Extra information required for a device instance by a given target.  */
-  /* This is guarded by the lock in the "outer" struct gomp_device_descr.  */
-  void *target_data;
-
-  /* Open or close a device instance.  */
-  void *(*open_device_func) (int n);
-  int (*close_device_func) (void *h);
-
-  /* Set or get the device number.  */
-  int (*get_device_num_func) (void);
-  void (*set_device_num_func) (int);
-
   /* Execute.  */
   void (*exec_func) (void (*) (void *), size_t, void **, void **, size_t *,
 		     unsigned short *, int, int, int, int, size_t, void *);
@@ -719,7 +707,7 @@  typedef struct acc_dispatch_t
   void (*async_set_async_func) (int);
 
   /* Create/destroy TLS data.  */
-  void *(*create_thread_data_func) (void *);
+  void *(*create_thread_data_func) (int);
   void (*destroy_thread_data_func) (void *);
 
   /* NVIDIA target specific routines.  */
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-async.c b/libgomp/oacc-async.c
index ec711f1..00d536a 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-async.c
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-async.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ 
    see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
-
+#include <assert.h>
 #include "openacc.h"
 #include "libgomp.h"
 #include "libgomp_target.h"
@@ -35,44 +35,68 @@ 
 int
 acc_async_test (int async)
 {
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
   if (async < acc_async_sync)
     gomp_fatal ("invalid async argument: %d", async);
 
-  return base_dev->openacc.async_test_func (async);
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  return thr->dev->openacc.async_test_func (async);
 }
 
 int
 acc_async_test_all (void)
 {
-  return base_dev->openacc.async_test_all_func ();
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  return thr->dev->openacc.async_test_all_func ();
 }
 
 void
 acc_wait (int async)
 {
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
   if (async < acc_async_sync)
     gomp_fatal ("invalid async argument: %d", async);
 
-  base_dev->openacc.async_wait_func (async);
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  thr->dev->openacc.async_wait_func (async);
 }
 
 void
 acc_wait_async (int async1, int async2)
 {
-  base_dev->openacc.async_wait_async_func (async1, async2);
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  thr->dev->openacc.async_wait_async_func (async1, async2);
 }
 
 void
 acc_wait_all (void)
 {
-  base_dev->openacc.async_wait_all_func ();
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  thr->dev->openacc.async_wait_all_func ();
 }
 
 void
 acc_wait_all_async (int async)
 {
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
   if (async < acc_async_sync)
     gomp_fatal ("invalid async argument: %d", async);
 
-  base_dev->openacc.async_wait_all_async_func (async);
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  thr->dev->openacc.async_wait_all_async_func (async);
 }
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-cuda.c b/libgomp/oacc-cuda.c
index 8a81f03..12a35f3 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-cuda.c
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-cuda.c
@@ -35,51 +35,53 @@ 
 void *
 acc_get_current_cuda_device (void)
 {
-  void *p = NULL;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  if (base_dev && base_dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_device_func)
-    p = base_dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_device_func ();
+  if (thr && thr->dev && thr->dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_device_func)
+    return thr->dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_device_func ();
 
-  return p;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 void *
 acc_get_current_cuda_context (void)
 {
-  void *p = NULL;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  if (base_dev && base_dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_context_func)
-    p = base_dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_context_func ();
+  if (thr && thr->dev && thr->dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_context_func)
+    return thr->dev->openacc.cuda.get_current_context_func ();
 
-  return p;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 void *
 acc_get_cuda_stream (int async)
 {
-  void *p = NULL;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
   if (async < 0)
-    return p;
+    return NULL;
 
-  if (base_dev && base_dev->openacc.cuda.get_stream_func)
-    p = base_dev->openacc.cuda.get_stream_func (async);
+  if (thr && thr->dev && thr->dev->openacc.cuda.get_stream_func)
+    return thr->dev->openacc.cuda.get_stream_func (async);
 
-  return p;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 int
 acc_set_cuda_stream (int async, void *stream)
 {
-  int s = -1;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr;
 
   if (async < 0 || stream == NULL)
     return 0;
   
   goacc_lazy_initialize ();
 
-  if (base_dev && base_dev->openacc.cuda.set_stream_func)
-    s = base_dev->openacc.cuda.set_stream_func (async, stream);
+  thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  return s;
+  if (thr && thr->dev && thr->dev->openacc.cuda.set_stream_func)
+    return thr->dev->openacc.cuda.set_stream_func (async, stream);
+
+  return -1;
 }
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-host.c b/libgomp/oacc-host.c
index 8fbbb37..fb605ed 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-host.c
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-host.c
@@ -58,12 +58,6 @@  static struct gomp_device_descr host_dispatch =
     .run_func = GOMP_OFFLOAD_run,
 
     .openacc = {
-      .open_device_func = GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_open_device,
-      .close_device_func = GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_close_device,
-
-      .get_device_num_func = GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_get_device_num,
-      .set_device_num_func = GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_set_device_num,
-
       .exec_func = GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_parallel,
 
       .register_async_cleanup_func
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-init.c b/libgomp/oacc-init.c
index c07ff66..6206da6 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-init.c
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-init.c
@@ -39,14 +39,13 @@ 
 
 static gomp_mutex_t acc_device_lock;
 
-/* The dispatch table for the current accelerator device.  This is global, so
-   you can only have one type of device open at any given time in a program. 
-   This is the "base" device in that several devices that use the same
-   dispatch table may be active concurrently: this one (the "zeroth") is used
-   for overall initialisation/shutdown, and other instances -- not necessarily
-   including this one -- may be opened and closed once the base device has
-   been initialized.  */
-struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev;
+/* A cached version of the dispatcher for the global "current" accelerator type,
+   e.g. used as the default when creating new host threads.  This is the
+   device-type equivalent of goacc_device_num (which specifies which device to
+   use out of potentially several of the same type).  If there are several
+   devices of a given type, this points at the first one.  */
+
+static struct gomp_device_descr *cached_base_dev = NULL;
 
 #if defined HAVE_TLS || defined USE_EMUTLS
 __thread struct goacc_thread *goacc_tls_data;
@@ -55,9 +54,6 @@  pthread_key_t goacc_tls_key;
 #endif
 static pthread_key_t goacc_cleanup_key;
 
-/* Current dispatcher, and how it was initialized */
-static acc_device_t init_key = _ACC_device_hwm;
-
 static struct goacc_thread *goacc_threads;
 static gomp_mutex_t goacc_thread_lock;
 
@@ -96,6 +92,21 @@  get_openacc_name (const char *name)
     return name;
 }
 
+static const char *
+name_of_acc_device_t (enum acc_device_t type)
+{
+  switch (type)
+    {
+    case acc_device_none: return "none";
+    case acc_device_default: return "default";
+    case acc_device_host: return "host";
+    case acc_device_host_nonshm: return "host_nonshm";
+    case acc_device_not_host: return "not_host";
+    case acc_device_nvidia: return "nvidia";
+    default: return "<unknown>";
+    }
+}
+
 static struct gomp_device_descr *
 resolve_device (acc_device_t d)
 {
@@ -161,22 +172,89 @@  resolve_device (acc_device_t d)
 static struct gomp_device_descr *
 acc_init_1 (acc_device_t d)
 {
-  struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev;
+  struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev, *acc_dev;
+  int ndevs;
 
-  acc_dev = resolve_device (d);
+  base_dev = resolve_device (d);
 
-  if (!acc_dev || acc_dev->get_num_devices_func () <= 0)
-    gomp_fatal ("device %u not supported", (unsigned)d);
+  ndevs = base_dev->get_num_devices_func ();
+
+  if (!base_dev || ndevs <= 0 || goacc_device_num >= ndevs)
+    gomp_fatal ("device %s not supported", name_of_acc_device_t (d));
+
+  acc_dev = &base_dev[goacc_device_num];
 
   if (acc_dev->is_initialized)
     gomp_fatal ("device already active");
 
-  /* We need to remember what we were intialized as, to check shutdown etc.  */
-  init_key = d;  
-
   gomp_init_device (acc_dev);
 
-  return acc_dev;
+  return base_dev;
+}
+
+static void
+acc_shutdown_1 (acc_device_t d)
+{
+  struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev;
+  struct goacc_thread *walk;
+  int ndevs, i;
+  bool devices_active = false;
+
+  /* Get the base device for this device type.  */
+  base_dev = resolve_device (d);
+
+  if (!base_dev)
+    gomp_fatal ("device %s not supported", name_of_acc_device_t (d));
+
+  gomp_mutex_lock (&goacc_thread_lock);
+
+  /* Free target-specific TLS data and close all devices.  */
+  for (walk = goacc_threads; walk != NULL; walk = walk->next)
+    {
+      if (walk->target_tls)
+	base_dev->openacc.destroy_thread_data_func (walk->target_tls);
+
+      walk->target_tls = NULL;
+
+      /* This would mean the user is shutting down OpenACC in the middle of an
+         "acc data" pragma.  Likely not intentional.  */
+      if (walk->mapped_data)
+	gomp_fatal ("shutdown in 'acc data' region");
+
+      /* Similarly, if this happens then user code has done something weird.  */
+      if (walk->saved_bound_dev)
+        gomp_fatal ("shutdown during host fallback");
+
+      if (walk->dev)
+	{
+	  struct gomp_memory_mapping *mem_map = &walk->dev->mem_map;
+
+	  gomp_mutex_lock (&mem_map->lock);
+	  gomp_free_memmap (mem_map);
+	  gomp_mutex_unlock (&mem_map->lock);
+
+	  walk->dev = NULL;
+	  walk->base_dev = NULL;
+	}
+    }
+
+  gomp_mutex_unlock (&goacc_thread_lock);
+
+  ndevs = base_dev->get_num_devices_func ();
+
+  /* Close all the devices of this type that have been opened.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < ndevs; i++)
+    {
+      struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev = &base_dev[i];
+      if (acc_dev->is_initialized)
+        {
+	  devices_active = true;
+	  gomp_fini_device (acc_dev);
+	}
+    }
+  
+  if (!devices_active)
+    gomp_fatal ("no device initialized");
 }
 
 static struct goacc_thread *
@@ -209,9 +287,11 @@  goacc_destroy_thread (void *data)
   
   if (thr)
     {
-      if (base_dev && thr->target_tls)
+      struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev = thr->dev;
+
+      if (acc_dev && thr->target_tls)
 	{
-	  base_dev->openacc.destroy_thread_data_func (thr->target_tls);
+	  acc_dev->openacc.destroy_thread_data_func (thr->target_tls);
 	  thr->target_tls = NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -238,53 +318,49 @@  goacc_destroy_thread (void *data)
   gomp_mutex_unlock (&goacc_thread_lock);
 }
 
-/* Open the ORD'th device of the currently-active type (base_dev must be
-   initialised before calling).  If ORD is < 0, open the default-numbered
-   device (set by the ACC_DEVICE_NUM environment variable or a call to
-   acc_set_device_num), or leave any currently-opened device as is.  "Opening"
-   consists of calling the device's open_device_func hook, and setting up
-   thread-local data (maybe allocating, then initializing with information
-   pertaining to the newly-opened or previously-opened device).  */
+/* Use the ORD'th device instance for the current host thread (or -1 for the
+   current global default).  The device (and the runtime) must be initialised
+   before calling this function.  */
 
-static void
-lazy_open (int ord)
+void
+goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (int ord)
 {
   struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
-  struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev;
-
-  if (thr && thr->dev)
-    {
-      assert (ord < 0 || ord == thr->dev->target_id);
-      return;
-    }
-
-  assert (base_dev);
-
+  struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev = NULL, *base_dev = NULL;
+  int num_devices;
+  
+  if (thr && thr->dev && (thr->dev->target_id == ord || ord < 0))
+    return;
+  
   if (ord < 0)
     ord = goacc_device_num;
-
-  /* The OpenACC 2.0 spec leaves the runtime's behaviour when an out-of-range
-     device is requested as implementation-defined (4.2 ACC_DEVICE_NUM).
-     We choose to raise an error in such a case.  */
-  if (ord >= base_dev->get_num_devices_func ())
-    gomp_fatal ("device %u does not exist", ord);
-
+  
+  /* Decide which type of device to use.  If the current thread has a device
+     type already (e.g. set by acc_set_device_type), use that, else use the
+     global default.  */
+  if (thr && thr->base_dev)
+    base_dev = thr->base_dev;
+  else
+    {
+      assert (cached_base_dev);
+      base_dev = cached_base_dev;
+    }
+  
+  num_devices = base_dev->get_num_devices_func ();
+  if (num_devices <= 0 || ord >= num_devices)
+    gomp_fatal ("device %u out of range", ord);
+  
   if (!thr)
     thr = goacc_new_thread ();
-
-  acc_dev = thr->dev = &base_dev[ord];
-
-  assert (acc_dev->target_id == ord);
-
+  
+  thr->base_dev = base_dev;
+  thr->dev = acc_dev = &base_dev[ord];
   thr->saved_bound_dev = NULL;
   thr->mapped_data = NULL;
-
-  if (!acc_dev->openacc.target_data)
-    acc_dev->openacc.target_data = acc_dev->openacc.open_device_func (ord);
-
+  
   thr->target_tls
-    = acc_dev->openacc.create_thread_data_func (acc_dev->openacc.target_data);
-
+    = acc_dev->openacc.create_thread_data_func (ord);
+  
   acc_dev->openacc.async_set_async_func (acc_async_sync);
 }
 
@@ -294,75 +370,20 @@  lazy_open (int ord)
 void
 acc_init (acc_device_t d)
 {
-  if (!base_dev)
+  if (!cached_base_dev)
     gomp_init_targets_once ();
 
   gomp_mutex_lock (&acc_device_lock);
 
-  base_dev = acc_init_1 (d);
-
-  lazy_open (-1);
+  cached_base_dev = acc_init_1 (d);
 
   gomp_mutex_unlock (&acc_device_lock);
+  
+  goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (-1);
 }
 
 ialias (acc_init)
 
-static void
-acc_shutdown_1 (acc_device_t d)
-{
-  struct goacc_thread *walk;
-
-  /* We don't check whether d matches the actual device found, because
-     OpenACC 2.0 (3.2.12) says the parameters to the init and this
-     call must match (for the shutdown call anyway, it's silent on
-     others).  */
-
-  if (!base_dev)
-    gomp_fatal ("no device initialized");
-  if (d != init_key)
-    gomp_fatal ("device %u(%u) is initialized",
-		(unsigned) init_key, (unsigned) base_dev->type);
-
-  gomp_mutex_lock (&goacc_thread_lock);
-
-  /* Free target-specific TLS data and close all devices.  */
-  for (walk = goacc_threads; walk != NULL; walk = walk->next)
-    {
-      if (walk->target_tls)
-	base_dev->openacc.destroy_thread_data_func (walk->target_tls);
-
-      walk->target_tls = NULL;
-
-      /* This would mean the user is shutting down OpenACC in the middle of an
-         "acc data" pragma.  Likely not intentional.  */
-      if (walk->mapped_data)
-	gomp_fatal ("shutdown in 'acc data' region");
-
-      if (walk->dev)
-	{
-	  void *target_data = walk->dev->openacc.target_data;
-	  if (walk->dev->openacc.close_device_func (target_data) < 0)
-	    gomp_fatal ("failed to close device");
-
-	  walk->dev->openacc.target_data = target_data = NULL;
-
-	  struct gomp_memory_mapping *mem_map = &walk->dev->mem_map;
-	  gomp_mutex_lock (&mem_map->lock);
-	  gomp_free_memmap (mem_map);
-	  gomp_mutex_unlock (&mem_map->lock);
-
-	  walk->dev = NULL;
-	}
-    }
-
-  gomp_mutex_unlock (&goacc_thread_lock);
-
-  gomp_fini_device (base_dev);
-
-  base_dev = NULL;
-}
-
 void
 acc_shutdown (acc_device_t d)
 {
@@ -375,59 +396,16 @@  acc_shutdown (acc_device_t d)
 
 ialias (acc_shutdown)
 
-/* This function is called after plugins have been initialized.  It deals with
-   the "base" device, and is used to prepare the runtime for dealing with a
-   number of such devices (as implemented by some particular plugin).  If the
-   argument device type D matches a previous call to the function, return the
-   current base device, else shut the old device down and re-initialize with
-   the new device type.  */
-
-static struct gomp_device_descr *
-lazy_init (acc_device_t d)
-{
-  if (base_dev)
-    {
-      /* Re-initializing the same device, do nothing.  */
-      if (d == init_key)
-	return base_dev;
-
-      acc_shutdown_1 (init_key);
-    }
-
-  assert (!base_dev);
-
-  return acc_init_1 (d);
-}
-
-/* Ensure that plugins are loaded, initialize and open the (default-numbered)
-   device.  */
-
-static void
-lazy_init_and_open (acc_device_t d)
-{
-  if (!base_dev)
-    gomp_init_targets_once ();
-
-  gomp_mutex_lock (&acc_device_lock);
-
-  base_dev = lazy_init (d);
-
-  lazy_open (-1);
-
-  gomp_mutex_unlock (&acc_device_lock);
-}
-
 int
 acc_get_num_devices (acc_device_t d)
 {
   int n = 0;
-  const struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev;
+  struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev;
 
   if (d == acc_device_none)
     return 0;
 
-  if (!base_dev)
-    gomp_init_targets_once ();
+  gomp_init_targets_once ();
 
   acc_dev = resolve_device (d);
   if (!acc_dev)
@@ -442,10 +420,39 @@  acc_get_num_devices (acc_device_t d)
 
 ialias (acc_get_num_devices)
 
+/* Set the device type for the current thread only (using the current global
+   default device number), initialising that device if necessary.  Also set the
+   default device type for new threads to D.  */
+
 void
 acc_set_device_type (acc_device_t d)
 {
-  lazy_init_and_open (d);
+  struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev, *acc_dev;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
+
+  gomp_mutex_lock (&acc_device_lock);
+
+  if (!cached_base_dev)
+    gomp_init_targets_once ();
+
+  cached_base_dev = base_dev = resolve_device (d);
+  acc_dev = &base_dev[goacc_device_num];
+
+  if (!acc_dev->is_initialized)
+    gomp_init_device (acc_dev);
+
+  gomp_mutex_unlock (&acc_device_lock);
+
+  /* We're changing device type: invalidate the current thread's dev and
+     base_dev pointers.  */
+  if (thr && thr->base_dev != base_dev)
+    {
+      thr->base_dev = thr->dev = NULL;
+      if (thr->mapped_data)
+        gomp_fatal ("acc_set_device_type in 'acc data' region");
+    }
+
+  goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (-1);
 }
 
 ialias (acc_set_device_type)
@@ -454,10 +461,11 @@  acc_device_t
 acc_get_device_type (void)
 {
   acc_device_t res = acc_device_none;
-  const struct gomp_device_descr *dev;
+  struct gomp_device_descr *dev;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  if (base_dev)
-    res = acc_device_type (base_dev->type);
+  if (thr && thr->base_dev)
+    res = acc_device_type (thr->base_dev->type);
   else
     {
       gomp_init_targets_once ();
@@ -478,78 +486,64 @@  int
 acc_get_device_num (acc_device_t d)
 {
   const struct gomp_device_descr *dev;
-  int num;
+  struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
   if (d >= _ACC_device_hwm)
     gomp_fatal ("device %u out of range", (unsigned)d);
 
-  if (!base_dev)
+  if (!cached_base_dev)
     gomp_init_targets_once ();
 
   dev = resolve_device (d);
   if (!dev)
-    gomp_fatal ("no devices of type %u", d);
+    gomp_fatal ("device %s not supported", name_of_acc_device_t (d));
 
-  /* We might not have called lazy_open for this host thread yet, in which case
-     the get_device_num_func hook will return -1.  */
-  num = dev->openacc.get_device_num_func ();
-  if (num < 0)
-    num = goacc_device_num;
+  if (thr && thr->base_dev == dev && thr->dev)
+    return thr->dev->target_id;
   
-  return num;
+  return goacc_device_num;
 }
 
 ialias (acc_get_device_num)
 
 void
-acc_set_device_num (int n, acc_device_t d)
+acc_set_device_num (int ord, acc_device_t d)
 {
-  const struct gomp_device_descr *dev;
+  struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev, *acc_dev;
   int num_devices;
 
-  if (!base_dev)
+  if (!cached_base_dev)
     gomp_init_targets_once ();
-  
-  if ((int) d == 0)
-    {
-      int i;
-      
-      /* A device setting of zero sets all device types on the system to use
-         the Nth instance of that device type.  Only attempt it for initialized
-	 devices though.  */
-      for (i = acc_device_not_host + 1; i < _ACC_device_hwm; i++)
-        {
-	  dev = resolve_device (d);
-	  if (dev && dev->is_initialized)
-	    dev->openacc.set_device_num_func (n);
-	}
 
-      /* ...and for future calls to acc_init/acc_set_device_type, etc.  */
-      goacc_device_num = n;
-    }
+  if (ord < 0)
+    ord = goacc_device_num;
+
+  if ((int) d == 0)
+    /* Set whatever device is being used by the current host thread to use
+       device instance ORD.  It's unclear if this is supposed to affect other
+       host threads too (OpenACC 2.0 (3.2.4) acc_set_device_num).  */
+    goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
   else
     {
-      struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
-
       gomp_mutex_lock (&acc_device_lock);
-
-      base_dev = lazy_init (d);
+      cached_base_dev = base_dev = resolve_device (d);
 
       num_devices = base_dev->get_num_devices_func ();
 
-      if (n >= num_devices)
-        gomp_fatal ("device %u out of range", n);
+      if (ord >= num_devices)
+        gomp_fatal ("device %u out of range", ord);
 
-      /* If we're changing the device number, de-associate this thread with
-	 the device (but don't close the device, since it may be in use by
-	 other threads).  */
-      if (thr && thr->dev && n != thr->dev->target_id)
-	thr->dev = NULL;
+      acc_dev = &base_dev[ord];
 
-      lazy_open (n);
+      if (!acc_dev->is_initialized)
+        gomp_init_device (acc_dev);
 
       gomp_mutex_unlock (&acc_device_lock);
+
+      goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
     }
+
+  goacc_device_num = ord;
 }
 
 ialias (acc_set_device_num)
@@ -579,7 +573,7 @@  goacc_runtime_initialize (void)
 
   pthread_key_create (&goacc_cleanup_key, goacc_destroy_thread);
 
-  base_dev = NULL;
+  cached_base_dev = NULL;
 
   goacc_threads = NULL;
   gomp_mutex_init (&goacc_thread_lock);
@@ -608,9 +602,8 @@  goacc_restore_bind (void)
 }
 
 /* This is called from any OpenACC support function that may need to implicitly
-   initialize the libgomp runtime.  On exit all such initialization will have
-   been done, and both the global ACC_dev and the per-host-thread ACC_memmap
-   pointers will be valid.  */
+   initialize the libgomp runtime, either globally or from a new host thread. 
+   On exit "goacc_thread" will return a valid & populated thread block.  */
 
 attribute_hidden void
 goacc_lazy_initialize (void)
@@ -620,12 +613,8 @@  goacc_lazy_initialize (void)
   if (thr && thr->dev)
     return;
 
-  if (!base_dev)
-    lazy_init_and_open (acc_device_default);
+  if (!cached_base_dev)
+    acc_init (acc_device_default);
   else
-    {
-      gomp_mutex_lock (&acc_device_lock);
-      lazy_open (-1);
-      gomp_mutex_unlock (&acc_device_lock);
-    }
+    goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (-1);
 }
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-int.h b/libgomp/oacc-int.h
index e03cd8d..049b4c4 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-int.h
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-int.h
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@  acc_device_type (enum offload_target_type type)
 
 struct goacc_thread
 {
+  /* The base device for the current thread.  */
+  struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev;
+
   /* The device for the current thread.  */
   struct gomp_device_descr *dev;
   
@@ -91,10 +94,7 @@  goacc_thread (void)
 struct gomp_device_descr;
 
 void goacc_register (struct gomp_device_descr *) __GOACC_NOTHROW;
-
-/* Current dispatcher.  */
-extern struct gomp_device_descr *base_dev;
-
+void goacc_attach_host_thread_to_device (int);
 void goacc_runtime_initialize (void);
 void goacc_save_and_set_bind (acc_device_t);
 void goacc_restore_bind (void);
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-mem.c b/libgomp/oacc-mem.c
index 7cbb139..186a395 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-mem.c
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-mem.c
@@ -115,7 +115,9 @@  acc_malloc (size_t s)
 
   struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  return base_dev->alloc_func (thr->dev->target_id, s);
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  return thr->dev->alloc_func (thr->dev->target_id, s);
 }
 
 /* OpenACC 2.0a (3.2.16) doesn't specify what to do in the event
@@ -130,6 +132,8 @@  acc_free (void *d)
   if (!d)
     return;
 
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
   /* We don't have to call lazy open here, as the ptr value must have
      been returned by acc_malloc.  It's not permitted to pass NULL in
      (unless you got that null from acc_malloc).  */
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@  acc_free (void *d)
      acc_unmap_data ((void *)(k->host_start + offset));
    }
 
-  base_dev->free_func (thr->dev->target_id, d);
+  thr->dev->free_func (thr->dev->target_id, d);
 }
 
 void
@@ -152,7 +156,9 @@  acc_memcpy_to_device (void *d, void *h, size_t s)
      been obtained from a routine that did that.  */
   struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  base_dev->host2dev_func (thr->dev->target_id, d, h, s);
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  thr->dev->host2dev_func (thr->dev->target_id, d, h, s);
 }
 
 void
@@ -162,7 +168,9 @@  acc_memcpy_from_device (void *h, void *d, size_t s)
      been obtained from a routine that did that.  */
   struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
 
-  base_dev->dev2host_func (thr->dev->target_id, h, d, s);
+  assert (thr->dev);
+
+  thr->dev->dev2host_func (thr->dev->target_id, h, d, s);
 }
 
 /* Return the device pointer that corresponds to host data H.  Or NULL
diff --git a/libgomp/oacc-parallel.c b/libgomp/oacc-parallel.c
index e40314e..a683c07 100644
--- a/libgomp/oacc-parallel.c
+++ b/libgomp/oacc-parallel.c
@@ -49,32 +49,6 @@  find_pset (int pos, size_t mapnum, unsigned short *kinds)
   return kind == GOMP_MAP_TO_PSET;
 }
 
-
-/* Ensure that the target device for DEVICE_TYPE is initialised (and that
-   plugins have been loaded if appropriate).  The ACC_dev variable for the
-   current thread will be set appropriately for the given device type on
-   return.  */
-
-attribute_hidden void
-select_acc_device (int device_type)
-{
-  goacc_lazy_initialize ();
-
-  if (device_type == GOMP_DEVICE_HOST_FALLBACK)
-    return;
-
-  if (device_type == acc_device_none)
-    device_type = acc_device_host;
-
-  if (device_type >= 0)
-    {
-      /* NOTE: this will go badly if the surrounding data environment is set up
-         to use a different device type.  We'll just have to trust that users
-	 know what they're doing...  */
-      acc_set_device_type (device_type);
-    }
-}
-
 static void *__goacc_host_ganglocal_ptr;
 
 void *
@@ -128,7 +102,7 @@  GOACC_parallel (int device, void (*fn) (void *), const void *offload_table,
   gomp_debug (0, "%s: mapnum=%zd, hostaddrs=%p, sizes=%p, kinds=%p, shared_size=%zu async=%d\n",
 	      __FUNCTION__, mapnum, hostaddrs, sizes, kinds, shared_size, async);
 
-  select_acc_device (device);
+  goacc_lazy_initialize ();
 
   thr = goacc_thread ();
   acc_dev = thr->dev;
@@ -211,7 +185,7 @@  GOACC_data_start (int device, const void *offload_table, size_t mapnum,
   gomp_debug (0, "%s: mapnum=%zd, hostaddrs=%p, sizes=%p, kinds=%p\n",
 	      __FUNCTION__, mapnum, hostaddrs, sizes, kinds);
 
-  select_acc_device (device);
+  goacc_lazy_initialize ();
 
   struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
   struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev = thr->dev;
@@ -258,7 +232,7 @@  GOACC_enter_exit_data (int device, const void *offload_table, size_t mapnum,
   bool data_enter = false;
   size_t i;
 
-  select_acc_device (device);
+  goacc_lazy_initialize ();
 
   thr = goacc_thread ();
   acc_dev = thr->dev;
@@ -399,7 +373,7 @@  GOACC_kernels (int device, void (*fn) (void *), const void *offload_table,
 
   va_list ap;
 
-  select_acc_device (device);
+  goacc_lazy_initialize ();
 
   va_start (ap, num_waits);
 
@@ -471,7 +445,7 @@  GOACC_update (int device, const void *offload_table, size_t mapnum,
   bool host_fallback = device == GOMP_DEVICE_HOST_FALLBACK;
   size_t i;
 
-  select_acc_device (device);
+  goacc_lazy_initialize ();
 
   struct goacc_thread *thr = goacc_thread ();
   struct gomp_device_descr *acc_dev = thr->dev;
diff --git a/libgomp/plugin/plugin-host.c b/libgomp/plugin/plugin-host.c
index f0f3102..8d1059d 100644
--- a/libgomp/plugin/plugin-host.c
+++ b/libgomp/plugin/plugin-host.c
@@ -124,31 +124,6 @@  GOMP_OFFLOAD_unload_image (int n __attribute__ ((unused)),
 }
 
 STATIC void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_open_device (int n)
-{
-  return (void *) (intptr_t) n;
-}
-
-STATIC int
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_close_device (void *hnd)
-{
-  return 0;
-}
-
-STATIC int
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_get_device_num (void)
-{
-  return 0;
-}
-
-STATIC void
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_set_device_num (int n)
-{
-  if (n > 0)
-    GOMP(fatal) ("device number %u out of range for host execution", n);
-}
-
-STATIC void *
 GOMP_OFFLOAD_alloc (int n __attribute__((unused)), size_t s)
 {
   return GOMP(malloc) (s);
@@ -260,7 +235,7 @@  GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_wait_all_async (int async __attribute__((unused)))
 }
 
 STATIC void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data (void *targ_data
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data (int ord
 					 __attribute__((unused)))
 {
   return NULL;
diff --git a/libgomp/plugin/plugin-nvptx.c b/libgomp/plugin/plugin-nvptx.c
index 7a3d4ab..3f627eb 100644
--- a/libgomp/plugin/plugin-nvptx.c
+++ b/libgomp/plugin/plugin-nvptx.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
 
 #define	ARRAYSIZE(X) (sizeof (X) / sizeof ((X)[0]))
 
@@ -133,7 +134,8 @@  struct targ_fn_descriptor
   const char *name;
 };
 
-static bool ptx_inited = false;
+static unsigned int instantiated_devices = 0;
+static pthread_mutex_t ptx_dev_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 
 struct ptx_stream
 {
@@ -331,9 +333,21 @@  struct ptx_event
   struct ptx_event *next;
 };
 
+struct ptx_image_data
+{
+  void *target_data;
+  CUmodule module;
+  struct ptx_image_data *next;
+};
+
 static gomp_mutex_t ptx_event_lock;
 static struct ptx_event *ptx_events;
 
+static struct ptx_device **ptx_devices;
+
+static struct ptx_image_data *ptx_images = NULL;
+static pthread_mutex_t ptx_image_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
 #define _XSTR(s) _STR(s)
 #define _STR(s) #s
 
@@ -575,21 +589,21 @@  select_stream_for_async (int async, pthread_t thread, bool create,
   return stream;
 }
 
-static int nvptx_get_num_devices (void);
-
-/* Initialize the device.  */
-static int
+/* Initialize the device.  Return TRUE on success, else FALSE.  PTX_DEV_LOCK
+   should be locked on entry and remains locked on exit.  */
+static bool
 nvptx_init (void)
 {
   CUresult r;
   int rc;
+  int ndevs;
 
-  if (ptx_inited)
-    return nvptx_get_num_devices ();
+  if (instantiated_devices != 0)
+    return true;
 
   rc = verify_device_library ();
   if (rc < 0)
-    return -1;
+    return false;
 
   r = cuInit (0);
   if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
@@ -599,18 +613,58 @@  nvptx_init (void)
 
   GOMP_PLUGIN_mutex_init (&ptx_event_lock);
 
-  ptx_inited = true;
+  r = cuDeviceGetCount (&ndevs);
+  if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuDeviceGetCount error: %s", cuda_error (r));
+
+  ptx_devices = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct ptx_device *) * ndevs);
 
-  return nvptx_get_num_devices ();
+  return true;
 }
 
+/* Select the N'th PTX device for the current host thread.  The device must
+   have been previously opened before calling this function.  */
+
 static void
-nvptx_fini (void)
+nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device (int n)
 {
-  ptx_inited = false;
+  CUdevice dev;
+  CUresult r;
+  struct ptx_device *ptx_dev;
+  CUcontext thd_ctx;
+
+  r = cuCtxGetDevice (&dev);
+  if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
+    GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuCtxGetDevice error: %s", cuda_error (r));
+
+  if (dev == n)
+    return;
+  else
+    {
+      CUcontext old_ctx;
+
+      ptx_dev = ptx_devices[n];
+      assert (ptx_dev);
+
+      r = cuCtxGetCurrent (&thd_ctx);
+      if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
+        GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuCtxGetCurrent error: %s", cuda_error (r));
+
+      /* The host thread must already have a non-NULL context when this function
+         is called because we must have previously called nvptx_open_device.  */
+      assert (thd_ctx);
+
+      r = cuCtxPopCurrent (&old_ctx);
+      if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
+        GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuCtxPopCurrent error: %s", cuda_error (r));
+
+      r = cuCtxPushCurrent (ptx_dev->ctx);
+      if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
+        GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuCtxPushCurrent error: %s", cuda_error (r));
+    }
 }
 
-static void *
+static struct ptx_device *
 nvptx_open_device (int n)
 {
   struct ptx_device *ptx_dev;
@@ -678,17 +732,16 @@  nvptx_open_device (int n)
 
   init_streams_for_device (ptx_dev, async_engines);
 
-  return (void *) ptx_dev;
+  return ptx_dev;
 }
 
-static int
-nvptx_close_device (void *targ_data)
+static void
+nvptx_close_device (struct ptx_device *ptx_dev)
 {
   CUresult r;
-  struct ptx_device *ptx_dev = targ_data;
 
   if (!ptx_dev)
-    return 0;
+    return;
 
   fini_streams_for_device (ptx_dev);
 
@@ -700,8 +753,6 @@  nvptx_close_device (void *targ_data)
     }
 
   free (ptx_dev);
-
-  return 0;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -714,7 +765,7 @@  nvptx_get_num_devices (void)
      order to enumerate available devices, but CUDA API routines can't be used
      until cuInit has been called.  Just call it now (but don't yet do any
      further initialization).  */
-  if (!ptx_inited)
+  if (instantiated_devices == 0)
     cuInit (0);
 
   r = cuDeviceGetCount (&n);
@@ -1508,64 +1559,84 @@  GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_num_devices (void)
   return nvptx_get_num_devices ();
 }
 
-static void **kernel_target_data;
-static void **kernel_host_table;
-
 void
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_register_image (void *host_table, void *target_data)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_init_device (int n)
 {
-  kernel_target_data = target_data;
-  kernel_host_table = host_table;
-}
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&ptx_dev_lock);
 
-void
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_init_device (int n __attribute__((unused)))
-{
-  (void) nvptx_init ();
+  if (!nvptx_init ()
+      || (instantiated_devices & (1 << n)) != 0)
+    {
+      pthread_mutex_unlock (&ptx_dev_lock);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  ptx_devices[n] = nvptx_open_device (n);
+  instantiated_devices |= 1 << n;
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ptx_dev_lock);
 }
 
 void
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_fini_device (int n __attribute__((unused)))
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_fini_device (int n)
 {
-  nvptx_fini ();
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&ptx_dev_lock);
+
+  if (instantiated_devices & (1 << n))
+    {
+      nvptx_close_device (ptx_devices[n]);
+      instantiated_devices &= ~(1 << n);
+    }
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ptx_dev_lock);
 }
 
 int
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_table (int n __attribute__((unused)),
-			struct mapping_table **tablep)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_load_image (int ord, void *target_data,
+			 struct addr_pair **target_table)
 {
   CUmodule module;
-  void **fn_table;
-  char **fn_names;
-  int fn_entries, i;
+  char **fn_names, **var_names;
+  unsigned int fn_entries, var_entries, i, j;
   CUresult r;
   struct targ_fn_descriptor *targ_fns;
+  void **img_header = (void **) target_data;
+  struct ptx_image_data *new_image;
+
+  nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
 
   if (nvptx_init () <= 0)
     return 0;
 
-  /* This isn't an error, because an image may legitimately have no offloaded
-     regions and so will not call GOMP_offload_register.  */
-  if (kernel_target_data == NULL)
-    return 0;
+  link_ptx (&module, img_header[0]);
 
-  link_ptx (&module, kernel_target_data[0]);
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&ptx_image_lock);
+  new_image = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct ptx_image_data));
+  new_image->target_data = target_data;
+  new_image->module = module;
+  new_image->next = ptx_images;
+  ptx_images = new_image;
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ptx_image_lock);
 
-  /* kernel_target_data[0] -> ptx code
-     kernel_target_data[1] -> variable mappings
-     kernel_target_data[2] -> array of kernel names in ascii
+  /* The mkoffload utility emits a table of pointers/integers at the start of
+     each offload image:
 
-     kernel_host_table[0] -> start of function addresses (__offload_func_table)
-     kernel_host_table[1] -> end of function addresses (__offload_funcs_end)
+     img_header[0] -> ptx code
+     img_header[1] -> number of variables
+     img_header[2] -> array of variable names (pointers to strings)
+     img_header[3] -> number of kernels
+     img_header[4] -> array of kernel names (pointers to strings)
 
      The array of kernel names and the functions addresses form a
      one-to-one correspondence.  */
 
-  fn_table = kernel_host_table[0];
-  fn_names = (char **) kernel_target_data[2];
-  fn_entries = (kernel_host_table[1] - kernel_host_table[0]) / sizeof (void *);
+  var_entries = (uintptr_t) img_header[1];
+  var_names = (char **) img_header[2];
+  fn_entries = (uintptr_t) img_header[3];
+  fn_names = (char **) img_header[4];
 
-  *tablep = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct mapping_table) * fn_entries);
+  *target_table = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct addr_pair)
+				      * (fn_entries + var_entries));
   targ_fns = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct targ_fn_descriptor)
 				 * fn_entries);
 
@@ -1580,38 +1651,86 @@  GOMP_OFFLOAD_get_table (int n __attribute__((unused)),
       targ_fns[i].fn = function;
       targ_fns[i].name = (const char *) fn_names[i];
 
-      (*tablep)[i].host_start = (uintptr_t) fn_table[i];
-      (*tablep)[i].host_end = (*tablep)[i].host_start + 1;
-      (*tablep)[i].tgt_start = (uintptr_t) &targ_fns[i];
-      (*tablep)[i].tgt_end = (*tablep)[i].tgt_start + 1;
+      (*target_table)[i].start = (uintptr_t) &targ_fns[i];
+      (*target_table)[i].end = (*target_table)[i].start + 1;
     }
 
-  return fn_entries;
+  for (j = 0; j < var_entries; j++, i++)
+    {
+      CUdeviceptr var;
+      size_t bytes;
+
+      r = cuModuleGetGlobal (&var, &bytes, module, var_names[j]);
+      if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
+        GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuModuleGetGlobal error: %s", cuda_error (r));
+
+      (*target_table)[i].start = (uintptr_t) var;
+      (*target_table)[i].end = (*target_table)[i].start + bytes;
+    }
+
+  return i;
+}
+
+void
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_unload_image (int tid __attribute__((unused)), void *target_data)
+{
+  void **img_header = (void **) target_data;
+  struct targ_fn_descriptor *targ_fns
+    = (struct targ_fn_descriptor *) img_header[0];
+  struct ptx_image_data *image, *prev = NULL, *newhd = NULL;
+
+  free (targ_fns);
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&ptx_image_lock);
+  for (image = ptx_images; image != NULL;)
+    {
+      struct ptx_image_data *next = image->next;
+
+      if (image->target_data == target_data)
+	{
+	  cuModuleUnload (image->module);
+	  free (image);
+	  if (prev)
+	    prev->next = next;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  prev = image;
+	  if (!newhd)
+	    newhd = image;
+	}
+
+      image = next;
+    }
+  ptx_images = newhd;
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ptx_image_lock);
 }
 
 void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_alloc (int n __attribute__((unused)), size_t size)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_alloc (int ord, size_t size)
 {
+  nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
   return nvptx_alloc (size);
 }
 
 void
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_free (int n __attribute__((unused)), void *ptr)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_free (int ord, void *ptr)
 {
+  nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
   nvptx_free (ptr);
 }
 
 void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_dev2host (int ord __attribute__((unused)), void *dst,
-		       const void *src, size_t n)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_dev2host (int ord, void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
 {
+  nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
   return nvptx_dev2host (dst, src, n);
 }
 
 void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_host2dev (int ord __attribute__((unused)), void *dst,
-		       const void *src, size_t n)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_host2dev (int ord, void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
 {
+  nvptx_attach_host_thread_to_device (ord);
   return nvptx_host2dev (dst, src, n);
 }
 
@@ -1628,45 +1747,6 @@  GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_parallel (void (*fn) (void *), size_t mapnum,
 	      num_workers, vector_length, async, shared_size, targ_mem_desc);
 }
 
-void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_open_device (int n)
-{
-  return nvptx_open_device (n);
-}
-
-int
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_close_device (void *h)
-{
-  return nvptx_close_device (h);
-}
-
-void
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_set_device_num (int n)
-{
-  struct nvptx_thread *nvthd = nvptx_thread ();
-
-  assert (n >= 0);
-
-  if (!nvthd->ptx_dev || nvthd->ptx_dev->ord != n)
-    (void) nvptx_open_device (n);
-}
-
-/* This can be called before the device is "opened" for the current thread, in
-   which case we can't tell which device number should be returned.  We don't
-   actually want to open the device here, so just return -1 and let the caller
-   (oacc-init.c:acc_get_device_num) handle it.  */
-
-int
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_get_device_num (void)
-{
-  struct nvptx_thread *nvthd = nvptx_thread ();
-
-  if (nvthd && nvthd->ptx_dev)
-    return nvthd->ptx_dev->ord;
-  else
-    return -1;
-}
-
 void
 GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_register_async_cleanup (void *targ_mem_desc)
 {
@@ -1730,14 +1810,18 @@  GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_async_set_async (int async)
 }
 
 void *
-GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data (void *targ_data)
+GOMP_OFFLOAD_openacc_create_thread_data (int ord)
 {
-  struct ptx_device *ptx_dev = (struct ptx_device *) targ_data;
+  struct ptx_device *ptx_dev;
   struct nvptx_thread *nvthd
     = GOMP_PLUGIN_malloc (sizeof (struct nvptx_thread));
   CUresult r;
   CUcontext thd_ctx;
 
+  ptx_dev = ptx_devices[ord];
+
+  assert (ptx_dev);
+
   r = cuCtxGetCurrent (&thd_ctx);
   if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS)
     GOMP_PLUGIN_fatal ("cuCtxGetCurrent error: %s", cuda_error (r));
diff --git a/libgomp/target.c b/libgomp/target.c
index d4ff100..c6e4c9c 100644
--- a/libgomp/target.c
+++ b/libgomp/target.c
@@ -1085,10 +1085,6 @@  gomp_load_plugin_for_device (struct gomp_device_descr *device,
     {
       optional_present = optional_total = 0;
       DLSYM_OPT (openacc.exec, openacc_parallel);
-      DLSYM_OPT (openacc.open_device, openacc_open_device);
-      DLSYM_OPT (openacc.close_device, openacc_close_device);
-      DLSYM_OPT (openacc.get_device_num, openacc_get_device_num);
-      DLSYM_OPT (openacc.set_device_num, openacc_set_device_num);
       DLSYM_OPT (openacc.register_async_cleanup,
 		 openacc_register_async_cleanup);
       DLSYM_OPT (openacc.async_test, openacc_async_test);
@@ -1197,7 +1193,6 @@  gomp_target_init (void)
 		current_device.mem_map.splay_tree.root = NULL;
 		current_device.mem_map.is_initialized = false;
 		current_device.openacc.data_environ = NULL;
-		current_device.openacc.target_data = NULL;
 		for (i = 0; i < new_num_devices; i++)
 		  {
 		    current_device.target_id = i;