diff mbox

[02/11,v3] MARS: Workload queue block replace bit fields

Message ID 48D1C623.5000807@am.sony.com
State New
Delegated to: Yuji Mano
Headers show

Commit Message

Yuji Mano Sept. 18, 2008, 3:08 a.m. UTC 
This replaces the bit fields usage for the workload queue block bits with
explicit bitwise shift/mask operations for better portability.

Signed-off-by: Yuji Mano <yuji.mano@am.sony.com>

Comments

Kazunori Asayama Sept. 18, 2008, 4:56 a.m. UTC | #1 
Yuji Mano wrote:
> This replaces the bit fields usage for the workload queue block bits with
> explicit bitwise shift/mask operations for better portability.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Yuji Mano <yuji.mano@am.sony.com>

Acked-by: Kazunori Asayama <asayama@sm.sony.co.jp>

> 
> ---
> v3:
>  - simplify scheduler conditional logic for MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY case
>  - fix compiler warning
> v2:
>  - remove explicit cast from MARS_BITS_GET macro
>  - avoid casting max_priority and max_counter to int inside scheduler
>  - remove unnecessary casting to void *
> 
>  include/common/mars/mars_workload_types.h |   46 +++++++---
>  src/host/lib/mars_workload_queue.c        |  134 ++++++++++++++++++------------
>  src/mpu/kernel/mars_kernel_scheduler.c    |   80 +++++++++--------
>  src/mpu/kernel/mars_kernel_workload.c     |   47 ++++++----
>  4 files changed, 191 insertions(+), 116 deletions(-)
>
diff mbox

Patch

--- a/include/common/mars/mars_workload_types.h
+++ b/include/common/mars/mars_workload_types.h
@@ -76,7 +76,39 @@  extern "C" {
 #define MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_ALIGN		128	/* align to 128 bytes */
 #define MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_HEADER_ALIGN	128	/* align to 128 bytes */
 #define MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_BLOCK_ALIGN		128	/* align to 128 bytes */
-#define MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_BLOCK_BITS_ALIGN	8	/* align to 8 bytes */
+
+/*
+ * MARS workload queue block bits
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * |[63...60]|[59...56]|[55....48]|[  47  ]|[46....32]|[31.....16]|[15......0]|
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * |  4-bits |  4-bits |  8-bits  |  1-bit |  15-bits |  16-bits  |  16-bits  |
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * |   TYPE  |  STATE  | PRIORITY | SIGNAL | RESERVED |  WAIT_ID  |  COUNTER  |
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#define MARS_BITS_SIZE				64
+
+#define MARS_BITS_SHIFT_TYPE			60
+#define MARS_BITS_SHIFT_STATE			56
+#define MARS_BITS_SHIFT_PRIORITY		48
+#define MARS_BITS_SHIFT_SIGNAL			47
+#define MARS_BITS_SHIFT_WAIT_ID			16
+#define MARS_BITS_SHIFT_COUNTER			0
+
+#define MARS_BITS_MASK_TYPE			0xf000000000000000ULL
+#define MARS_BITS_MASK_STATE			0x0f00000000000000ULL
+#define MARS_BITS_MASK_PRIORITY			0x00ff000000000000ULL
+#define MARS_BITS_MASK_SIGNAL			0x0000800000000000ULL
+#define MARS_BITS_MASK_WAIT_ID			0x00000000ffff0000ULL
+#define MARS_BITS_MASK_COUNTER			0x000000000000ffffULL
+
+#define MARS_BITS_GET(bits, name)  \
+	((*(bits) & MARS_BITS_MASK_##name) >> MARS_BITS_SHIFT_##name)
+
+#define MARS_BITS_SET(bits, name, val) \
+	(*bits) = ((*(bits) & ~MARS_BITS_MASK_##name) | \
+		((uint64_t)(val) << MARS_BITS_SHIFT_##name))
 
 /* mars workload context */
 struct mars_workload_context {
@@ -90,21 +122,11 @@  struct mars_workload_queue_header {
 	uint8_t flag;
 } __attribute__((aligned(MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_HEADER_ALIGN)));
 
-/* 8 byte workload queue block bits structure */
-struct mars_workload_queue_block_bits {
-	uint64_t type:4;
-	uint64_t state:4;
-	uint64_t priority:8;
-	uint64_t signal:1;
-	uint64_t wait:16;
-	uint64_t counter:16;
-} __attribute__((aligned(MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_BLOCK_BITS_ALIGN)));
-
 /* 128 byte workload queue block structure */
 struct mars_workload_queue_block {
 	uint32_t lock;
 	uint32_t pad;
-	struct mars_workload_queue_block_bits bits[MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK];
+	uint64_t bits[MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK];
 } __attribute__((aligned(MARS_WORKLOAD_QUEUE_BLOCK_ALIGN)));
 
 /* mars workload queue structure */
--- a/src/host/lib/mars_workload_queue.c
+++ b/src/host/lib/mars_workload_queue.c
@@ -63,12 +63,20 @@  int workload_queue_initialize(struct mar
 		mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)p);
 
 		for (index = 0; index < MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK; index++) {
-			p->bits[index].type = MARS_WORKLOAD_TYPE_NONE;
-			p->bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE;
-			p->bits[index].priority = MARS_WORKLOAD_PRIORITY_MIN;
-			p->bits[index].counter = MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN;
-			p->bits[index].signal = MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF;
-			p->bits[index].wait = MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE;
+			uint64_t *bits = &p->bits[index];
+
+			MARS_BITS_SET(bits, TYPE,
+				MARS_WORKLOAD_TYPE_NONE);
+			MARS_BITS_SET(bits, STATE,
+				MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE);
+			MARS_BITS_SET(bits, PRIORITY,
+				MARS_WORKLOAD_PRIORITY_MIN);
+			MARS_BITS_SET(bits, COUNTER,
+				MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN);
+			MARS_BITS_SET(bits, SIGNAL,
+				MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF);
+			MARS_BITS_SET(bits, WAIT_ID,
+				MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE);
 		}
 
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)p);
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@  int workload_queue_finalize(struct mars_
 		block = id / MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 		index = id % MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 
-		if (queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
+		if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) !=
 			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE)
 			break;
 
@@ -117,12 +125,13 @@  int workload_queue_add_begin(struct mars
 	int block = 0;
 	int index = 0;
 
+	uint64_t *bits = &queue->block[block].bits[index];
+
 	*id = 0;
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	while (queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE) {
+	while (MARS_BITS_GET(bits, STATE) != MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE) {
 		(*id)++;
 		index++;
 		if (index == MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK) {
@@ -137,16 +146,17 @@  int workload_queue_add_begin(struct mars
 			mars_mutex_lock(
 				(struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 		}
+		bits = &queue->block[block].bits[index];
 	}
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(bits, STATE) == MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set type and set state to adding */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].type = type;
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_ADDING;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(bits, TYPE, type);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(bits, STATE, MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_ADDING);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -165,15 +175,17 @@  int workload_queue_add_end(struct mars_w
 	int block = id / MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 	int index = id % MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 
+	uint64_t *bits = &queue->block[block].bits[index];
+
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_ADDING,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(bits, STATE) == MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_ADDING,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* reset workload queue bits and set state to finished state */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(bits, STATE, MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -190,13 +202,15 @@  int workload_queue_add_cancel(struct mar
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_ADDING,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_ADDING,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set state back to none state */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -214,13 +228,15 @@  int workload_queue_remove_begin(struct m
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set state to removing */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_REMOVING;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_REMOVING);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -241,13 +257,15 @@  int workload_queue_remove_end(struct mar
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_REMOVING,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_REMOVING,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set state to none */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].type = MARS_WORKLOAD_TYPE_NONE;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], TYPE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_TYPE_NONE);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -264,13 +282,15 @@  int workload_queue_remove_cancel(struct 
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_REMOVING,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_REMOVING,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set state back to finished */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].type = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], TYPE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -289,17 +309,23 @@  int workload_queue_schedule_begin(struct
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* reset workload queue bits and set state to scheduling */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_SCHEDULING;
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].priority = priority;
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].counter = MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN;
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].signal = MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF;
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].wait = MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_SCHEDULING);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], PRIORITY,
+		priority);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], COUNTER,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], SIGNAL,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], WAIT_ID,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -320,13 +346,15 @@  int workload_queue_schedule_end(struct m
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_SCHEDULING,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_SCHEDULING,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set state to ready */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -344,13 +372,15 @@  int workload_queue_schedule_cancel(struc
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state ==
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_SCHEDULING,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) ==
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_SCHEDULING,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	/* set state back to finished */
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
@@ -366,10 +396,11 @@  int workload_queue_wait(struct mars_work
 	int block = id / MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 	int index = id % MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 
-	while (queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
+	while (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) !=
 		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED) {
-		MARS_CHECK_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
-			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
+		MARS_CHECK_RET(
+			MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE)
+				!= MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
 			MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 		sched_yield();
 	}
@@ -390,11 +421,12 @@  int workload_queue_try_wait(struct mars_
 	int block = id / MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 	int index = id % MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 
-	MARS_CHECK_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
+	MARS_CHECK_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) !=
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
-	if (queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
+	if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) !=
 		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED)
 		return MARS_ERROR_BUSY;
 
@@ -415,12 +447,14 @@  int workload_queue_signal_send(struct ma
 
 	mars_mutex_lock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue->block[block].bits[index].state !=
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], STATE) !=
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
 		mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
-	queue->block[block].bits[index].signal = MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue->block[block].bits[index], SIGNAL,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock((struct mars_mutex *)&queue->block[block]);
 
--- a/src/mpu/kernel/mars_kernel_scheduler.c
+++ b/src/mpu/kernel/mars_kernel_scheduler.c
@@ -65,42 +65,42 @@  static int search_block(int block)
 {
 	int i;
 	int index = -1;
-	int max_count = -1;
-	int max_priority = -1;
+	uint16_t max_counter = 0;
+	uint16_t max_priority = 0;
 
 	/* search through workload queue for next workload to run
 	 * while incrementing wait counter for all waiting workloads
 	 * and pick the workload that has been waiting the longest
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK; i++) {
-		struct mars_workload_queue_block_bits *bits
-			= &queue_block.bits[i];
+		uint64_t *bits = &queue_block.bits[i];
+		uint8_t signal = MARS_BITS_GET(bits, SIGNAL);
+		uint8_t priority = MARS_BITS_GET(bits, PRIORITY);
+		uint16_t wait_id = MARS_BITS_GET(bits, WAIT_ID);
+		uint16_t counter = MARS_BITS_GET(bits, COUNTER);
 
-		switch (bits->state) {
+		switch (MARS_BITS_GET(bits, STATE)) {
 		case MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY:
-			/* priority greater than max priority so select */
-			if ((int)bits->priority > max_priority) {
+			/* compare priority and counter with previous ones */
+			if (index < 0 || priority > max_priority ||
+			  (priority == max_priority && counter > max_counter)) {
 				index = i;
-				max_count = bits->counter;
-				max_priority = bits->priority;
-			/* priority equal and wait counter greater so select */
-			} else if ((int)bits->priority == max_priority &&
-				(int)bits->counter > max_count) {
-				index = i;
-				max_count = bits->counter;
+				max_counter = counter;
+				max_priority = priority;
 			}
 			/* increment wait counter without overflowing */
-			if (bits->counter < MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MAX)
-				bits->counter++;
+			if (counter < MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MAX)
+				MARS_BITS_SET(bits, COUNTER, counter + 1);
 			break;
 		case MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_WAITING:
 			/* waiting for workload to finish so check status */
-			if (bits->wait != MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE) {
+			if (wait_id != MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE) {
 				struct mars_workload_queue_block wait_block;
 				struct mars_workload_queue_block *p_wait_block;
+				uint8_t wait_state;
 
-				int bl = bits->wait / MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
-				int id = bits->wait % MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
+				int bl = wait_id / MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
+				int id = wait_id % MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK;
 
 				/* check if workload id is in the same block */
 				if (block != bl) {
@@ -113,16 +113,24 @@  static int search_block(int block)
 					p_wait_block = &queue_block;
 				}
 
+				wait_state =
+					MARS_BITS_GET(&p_wait_block->bits[id],
+					STATE);
+
 				/* check if workload is finished and reset */
-				if (p_wait_block->bits[id].state ==
+				if (wait_state ==
 					MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED) {
-					bits->wait = MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE;
-					bits->state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY;
+					MARS_BITS_SET(bits, WAIT_ID,
+						MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE);
+					MARS_BITS_SET(bits, STATE,
+						MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY);
 				}
 			/* waiting for signal so check signal bit and reset */
-			} else if (bits->signal == MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON) {
-				bits->signal = MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF;
-				bits->state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY;
+			} else if (signal == MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON) {
+				MARS_BITS_SET(bits, SIGNAL,
+					MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF);
+				MARS_BITS_SET(bits, STATE,
+					MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY);
 				i--;
 			}
 			break;
@@ -148,10 +156,12 @@  static int reserve_block(int block)
 	index = search_block(block);
 	if (index >= 0) {
 		/* update the current state of the workload */
-		queue_block.bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_RUNNING;
+		MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE,
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_RUNNING);
 
 		/* reset the counter for reserved workload */
-		queue_block.bits[index].counter = MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN;
+		MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], COUNTER,
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN);
 	}
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@  static void release_block(int block, int
 	mars_mutex_lock_get(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
 	/* update current workload state in workload queue block */
-	queue_block.bits[index].state = workload_state;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE, workload_state);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 }
@@ -191,15 +201,13 @@  int reserve_workload(void)
 
 	/* set global workload info based on workload block and index */
 	workload_index = MARS_WORKLOAD_PER_BLOCK * block + index;
-	workload_type = queue_block.bits[index].type;
+	workload_type = MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], TYPE);
 	workload_ea = queue_header.context_ea +
 			workload_index * sizeof(struct mars_workload_context);
 
 	/* dma the workload context code into LS from main memory */
-	mars_dma_get_and_wait((void *)&workload,
-				workload_ea,
-				sizeof(struct mars_workload_context),
-				MARS_DMA_TAG);
+	mars_dma_get_and_wait(&workload, workload_ea,
+			sizeof(struct mars_workload_context), MARS_DMA_TAG);
 
 	return MARS_WORKLOAD_RESERVED;
 }
@@ -211,10 +219,8 @@  void release_workload(void)
 
 	/* dma updated workload context back to main memory if not finished */
 	if (workload_state != MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED) {
-		mars_dma_put_and_wait((void *)&workload,
-					workload_ea,
-					sizeof(struct mars_workload_context),
-					MARS_DMA_TAG);
+		mars_dma_put_and_wait(&workload, workload_ea,
+			sizeof(struct mars_workload_context), MARS_DMA_TAG);
 	}
 
 	/* release block reservation */
--- a/src/mpu/kernel/mars_kernel_workload.c
+++ b/src/mpu/kernel/mars_kernel_workload.c
@@ -139,14 +139,15 @@  int workload_schedule(uint16_t workload_
 	mars_mutex_lock_get(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
 	/* make sure workload is in the correct state */
-	if (queue_block.bits[index].state != MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED) {
+	if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE) !=
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED) {
 		mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea,
 			(struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 		return MARS_ERROR_STATE;
 	}
 
 	/* get information of workload to schedule */
-	schedule_workload_type = queue_block.bits[index].type;
+	schedule_workload_type = MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], TYPE);
 	schedule_workload_ea = queue_header.context_ea +
 			workload_id * sizeof(struct mars_workload_context);
 
@@ -170,11 +171,16 @@  int workload_schedule(uint16_t workload_
 				sizeof(struct mars_workload_context),
 				MARS_DMA_TAG);
 
-	queue_block.bits[index].state = MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY;
-	queue_block.bits[index].priority = priority;
-	queue_block.bits[index].counter = MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN;
-	queue_block.bits[index].signal = MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF;
-	queue_block.bits[index].wait = MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_READY);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], PRIORITY,
+		priority);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], COUNTER,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_COUNTER_MIN);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], SIGNAL,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_OFF);
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], WAIT_ID,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_ID_NONE);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
@@ -196,14 +202,15 @@  int workload_wait(uint16_t workload_id)
 	mars_mutex_lock_get(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
 	/* make sure workload is initialized */
-	if (queue_block.bits[index].state == MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE) {
+	if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE) ==
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE) {
 		mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea,
 			(struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 		return MARS_ERROR_STATE;
 	}
 
 	/* set the workload id to wait for */
-	queue_block.bits[index].wait = workload_id;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], WAIT_ID, workload_id);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
@@ -224,15 +231,17 @@  int workload_try_wait(uint16_t workload_
 
 	mars_mutex_lock_get(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue_block.bits[index].state !=
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE) !=
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
 		mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea,
 			(struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
-	if (queue_block.bits[index].state != MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED)
+	if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE) !=
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_FINISHED)
 		return MARS_ERROR_BUSY;
 
 	return MARS_SUCCESS;
@@ -253,14 +262,16 @@  int workload_signal_send(uint16_t worklo
 	mars_mutex_lock_get(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
 	/* make sure workload is initialized */
-	if (queue_block.bits[index].state == MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE) {
+	if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE) ==
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE) {
 		mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea,
 			(struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 		return MARS_ERROR_STATE;
 	}
 
 	/* set the workload signal */
-	queue_block.bits[index].signal = MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON;
+	MARS_BITS_SET(&queue_block.bits[index], SIGNAL,
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON);
 
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
@@ -295,8 +306,9 @@  int workload_signal_try_wait(void)
 
 	mars_mutex_lock_get(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
-	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(queue_block.bits[index].state !=
-		MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
+	MARS_CHECK_CLEANUP_RET(
+		MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], STATE) !=
+			MARS_WORKLOAD_STATE_NONE,
 		mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea,
 			(struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block),
 		MARS_ERROR_STATE);
@@ -304,7 +316,8 @@  int workload_signal_try_wait(void)
 	mars_mutex_unlock_put(block_ea, (struct mars_mutex *)&queue_block);
 
 	/* return busy if task has not received signal */
-	if (queue_block.bits[index].signal != MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON)
+	if (MARS_BITS_GET(&queue_block.bits[index], SIGNAL) !=
+		MARS_WORKLOAD_SIGNAL_ON)
 		return MARS_ERROR_BUSY;
 
 	return MARS_SUCCESS;