diff mbox series

[10/13] x86/bhi: Add BHI mitigation knob

Message ID 20240416145325.535615-11-stefan.bader@canonical.com
State New
Headers show
Series CVE-2024-2201 | expand

Commit Message

Stefan Bader April 16, 2024, 2:53 p.m. UTC
From: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>

commit ec9404e40e8f36421a2b66ecb76dc2209fe7f3ef upstream.

Branch history clearing software sequences and hardware control
BHI_DIS_S were defined to mitigate Branch History Injection (BHI).

Add cmdline spectre_bhi={on|off|auto} to control BHI mitigation:

 auto - Deploy the hardware mitigation BHI_DIS_S, if available.
 on   - Deploy the hardware mitigation BHI_DIS_S, if available,
        otherwise deploy the software sequence at syscall entry and
	VMexit.
 off  - Turn off BHI mitigation.

The default is auto mode which does not deploy the software sequence
mitigation.  This is because of the hardening done in the syscall
dispatch path, which is the likely target of BHI.

Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

CVE-2024-2201
(backported from commit f825494f2c6fab421c5c59b5def321775c825818 linux-5.15.y)
[smb: manually applied second hunk in spectre.rst]
Signed-off-by: Stefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com>
---
 Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 48 ++++++++--
 .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         | 11 +++
 arch/x86/Kconfig                              | 25 ++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h            |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c                    | 90 ++++++++++++++++++-
 5 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
index 0fba3758d0da..7e2761f15c9d 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
@@ -138,11 +138,10 @@  associated with the source address of the indirect branch. Specifically,
 the BHB might be shared across privilege levels even in the presence of
 Enhanced IBRS.
 
-Currently the only known real-world BHB attack vector is via
-unprivileged eBPF. Therefore, it's highly recommended to not enable
-unprivileged eBPF, especially when eIBRS is used (without retpolines).
-For a full mitigation against BHB attacks, it's recommended to use
-retpolines (or eIBRS combined with retpolines).
+Previously the only known real-world BHB attack vector was via unprivileged
+eBPF. Further research has found attacks that don't require unprivileged eBPF.
+For a full mitigation against BHB attacks it is recommended to set BHI_DIS_S or
+use the BHB clearing sequence.
 
 Attack scenarios
 ----------------
@@ -430,6 +429,21 @@  The possible values in this file are:
   'PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected'  CPU is not affected by PBRSB
   ===========================  =======================================================
 
+  - Branch History Injection (BHI) protection status:
+
+.. list-table::
+
+ * - BHI: Not affected
+   - System is not affected
+ * - BHI: Retpoline
+   - System is protected by retpoline
+ * - BHI: BHI_DIS_S
+   - System is protected by BHI_DIS_S
+ * - BHI: SW loop
+   - System is protected by software clearing sequence
+ * - BHI: Syscall hardening
+   - Syscalls are hardened against BHI
+
 Full mitigation might require a microcode update from the CPU
 vendor. When the necessary microcode is not available, the kernel will
 report vulnerability.
@@ -484,8 +498,11 @@  Spectre variant 2
 
    Systems which support enhanced IBRS (eIBRS) enable IBRS protection once at
    boot, by setting the IBRS bit, and they're automatically protected against
-   Spectre v2 variant attacks, including cross-thread branch target injections
-   on SMT systems (STIBP). In other words, eIBRS enables STIBP too.
+   some Spectre v2 variant attacks. The BHB can still influence the choice of
+   indirect branch predictor entry, and although branch predictor entries are
+   isolated between modes when eIBRS is enabled, the BHB itself is not isolated
+   between modes. Systems which support BHI_DIS_S will set it to protect against
+   BHI attacks.
 
    Legacy IBRS systems clear the IBRS bit on exit to userspace and
    therefore explicitly enable STIBP for that
@@ -684,6 +701,23 @@  For user space mitigation:
 		spectre_v2=off. Spectre variant 1 mitigations
 		cannot be disabled.
 
+	spectre_bhi=
+
+		[X86] Control mitigation of Branch History Injection
+		(BHI) vulnerability. Syscalls are hardened against BHI
+		regardless of this setting. This setting affects the deployment
+		of the HW BHI control and the SW BHB clearing sequence.
+
+		on
+			unconditionally enable.
+		off
+			unconditionally disable.
+		auto
+			enable if hardware mitigation
+			control(BHI_DIS_S) is available.
+
+For spectre_v2_user see Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+
 Mitigation selection guide
 --------------------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 24cd320f1f1f..bc55c1b56295 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -5394,6 +5394,17 @@ 
 	sonypi.*=	[HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
 			See Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/sonypi.rst
 
+	spectre_bhi=	[X86] Control mitigation of Branch History Injection
+			(BHI) vulnerability. Syscalls are hardened against BHI
+			reglardless of this setting. This setting affects the
+			deployment of the HW BHI control and the SW BHB
+			clearing sequence.
+
+			on   - unconditionally enable.
+			off  - unconditionally disable.
+			auto - (default) enable only if hardware mitigation
+			       control(BHI_DIS_S) is available.
+
 	spectre_v2=	[X86] Control mitigation of Spectre variant 2
 			(indirect branch speculation) vulnerability.
 			The default operation protects the kernel from
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index fa91c9d78ff5..b0e7b3c5a351 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -2509,6 +2509,31 @@  config GDS_FORCE_MITIGATION
 
 	  If in doubt, say N.
 
+choice
+	prompt "Clear branch history"
+	depends on CPU_SUP_INTEL
+	default SPECTRE_BHI_AUTO
+	help
+	  Enable BHI mitigations. BHI attacks are a form of Spectre V2 attacks
+	  where the branch history buffer is poisoned to speculatively steer
+	  indirect branches.
+	  See <file:Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst>
+
+config SPECTRE_BHI_ON
+	bool "on"
+	help
+	  Equivalent to setting spectre_bhi=on command line parameter.
+config SPECTRE_BHI_OFF
+	bool "off"
+	help
+	  Equivalent to setting spectre_bhi=off command line parameter.
+config SPECTRE_BHI_AUTO
+	bool "auto"
+	help
+	  Equivalent to setting spectre_bhi=auto command line parameter.
+
+endchoice
+
 endif
 
 config ARCH_HAS_ADD_PAGES
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 182b5fb6467f..3140a9c543cc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -433,6 +433,7 @@ 
  */
 #define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP	(21*32+ 1) /* "" Clear branch history at syscall entry using SW loop */
 #define X86_FEATURE_BHI_CTRL		(21*32+ 2) /* "" BHI_DIS_S HW control available */
+#define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_HW	(21*32+ 3) /* "" BHI_DIS_S HW control enabled */
 
 /*
  * BUG word(s)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index 3d1a0961fec5..cd03cfcd10d3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -1516,6 +1516,74 @@  static void __init spectre_v2_determine_rsb_fill_type_at_vmexit(enum spectre_v2_
 	dump_stack();
 }
 
+/*
+ * Set BHI_DIS_S to prevent indirect branches in kernel to be influenced by
+ * branch history in userspace. Not needed if BHI_NO is set.
+ */
+static bool __init spec_ctrl_bhi_dis(void)
+{
+	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_BHI_CTRL))
+		return false;
+
+	x86_spec_ctrl_base |= SPEC_CTRL_BHI_DIS_S;
+	update_spec_ctrl(x86_spec_ctrl_base);
+	setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_HW);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+enum bhi_mitigations {
+	BHI_MITIGATION_OFF,
+	BHI_MITIGATION_ON,
+	BHI_MITIGATION_AUTO,
+};
+
+static enum bhi_mitigations bhi_mitigation __ro_after_init =
+	IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SPECTRE_BHI_ON)  ? BHI_MITIGATION_ON  :
+	IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SPECTRE_BHI_OFF) ? BHI_MITIGATION_OFF :
+					     BHI_MITIGATION_AUTO;
+
+static int __init spectre_bhi_parse_cmdline(char *str)
+{
+	if (!str)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!strcmp(str, "off"))
+		bhi_mitigation = BHI_MITIGATION_OFF;
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "on"))
+		bhi_mitigation = BHI_MITIGATION_ON;
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "auto"))
+		bhi_mitigation = BHI_MITIGATION_AUTO;
+	else
+		pr_err("Ignoring unknown spectre_bhi option (%s)", str);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("spectre_bhi", spectre_bhi_parse_cmdline);
+
+static void __init bhi_select_mitigation(void)
+{
+	if (bhi_mitigation == BHI_MITIGATION_OFF)
+		return;
+
+	/* Retpoline mitigates against BHI unless the CPU has RRSBA behavior */
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) &&
+	    !(x86_read_arch_cap_msr() & ARCH_CAP_RRSBA))
+		return;
+
+	if (spec_ctrl_bhi_dis())
+		return;
+
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
+		return;
+
+	if (bhi_mitigation == BHI_MITIGATION_AUTO)
+		return;
+
+	setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP);
+	pr_info("Spectre BHI mitigation: SW BHB clearing on syscall\n");
+}
+
 static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
 {
 	enum spectre_v2_mitigation_cmd cmd = spectre_v2_parse_cmdline();
@@ -1622,6 +1690,9 @@  static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
 	    mode == SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE)
 		spec_ctrl_disable_kernel_rrsba();
 
+	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_BUG_BHI))
+		bhi_select_mitigation();
+
 	spectre_v2_enabled = mode;
 	pr_info("%s\n", spectre_v2_strings[mode]);
 
@@ -2634,6 +2705,21 @@  static char *pbrsb_eibrs_state(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static const char * const spectre_bhi_state(void)
+{
+	if (!boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_BHI))
+		return "; BHI: Not affected";
+	else if  (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_HW))
+		return "; BHI: BHI_DIS_S";
+	else if  (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP))
+		return "; BHI: SW loop";
+	else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) &&
+		 !(x86_read_arch_cap_msr() & ARCH_CAP_RRSBA))
+		return "; BHI: Retpoline";
+
+	return "; BHI: Vulnerable (Syscall hardening enabled)";
+}
+
 static ssize_t spectre_v2_show_state(char *buf)
 {
 	if (spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE)
@@ -2646,13 +2732,15 @@  static ssize_t spectre_v2_show_state(char *buf)
 	    spectre_v2_enabled == SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE)
 		return sysfs_emit(buf, "Vulnerable: eIBRS+LFENCE with unprivileged eBPF and SMT\n");
 
-	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
 			  spectre_v2_strings[spectre_v2_enabled],
 			  ibpb_state(),
 			  boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW) ? "; IBRS_FW" : "",
 			  stibp_state(),
 			  boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RSB_CTXSW) ? "; RSB filling" : "",
 			  pbrsb_eibrs_state(),
+			  spectre_bhi_state(),
+			  /* this should always be at the end */
 			  spectre_v2_module_string());
 }