diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-common.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-common.h
index 2cef6c5a52c2..6acaf5af0a3d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-common.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-common.h
@@ -73,4 +73,15 @@
 
 #define GHCB_RESP_CODE(v)		((v) & GHCB_MSR_INFO_MASK)
 
+/*
+ * Error codes related to GHCB input that can be communicated back to the guest
+ * by setting the lower 32-bits of the GHCB SW_EXITINFO1 field to 2.
+ */
+#define GHCB_ERR_NOT_REGISTERED		1
+#define GHCB_ERR_INVALID_USAGE		2
+#define GHCB_ERR_INVALID_SCRATCH_AREA	3
+#define GHCB_ERR_MISSING_INPUT		4
+#define GHCB_ERR_INVALID_INPUT		5
+#define GHCB_ERR_INVALID_EVENT		6
+
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
index 87b1e662a14b..c94e1ba62c1e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
@@ -2151,24 +2151,29 @@ static void sev_es_sync_from_ghcb(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 	memset(ghcb->save.valid_bitmap, 0, sizeof(ghcb->save.valid_bitmap));
 }
 
-static int sev_es_validate_vmgexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
+static bool sev_es_validate_vmgexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 {
 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb;
-	u64 exit_code = 0;
+	u64 exit_code;
+	u64 reason;
 
 	ghcb = svm->sev_es.ghcb;
 
-	/* Only GHCB Usage code 0 is supported */
-	if (ghcb->ghcb_usage)
-		goto vmgexit_err;
-
 	/*
-	 * Retrieve the exit code now even though is may not be marked valid
+	 * Retrieve the exit code now even though it may not be marked valid
 	 * as it could help with debugging.
 	 */
 	exit_code = ghcb_get_sw_exit_code(ghcb);
 
+	/* Only GHCB Usage code 0 is supported */
+	if (ghcb->ghcb_usage) {
+		reason = GHCB_ERR_INVALID_USAGE;
+		goto vmgexit_err;
+	}
+
+	reason = GHCB_ERR_MISSING_INPUT;
+
 	if (!ghcb_sw_exit_code_is_valid(ghcb) ||
 	    !ghcb_sw_exit_info_1_is_valid(ghcb) ||
 	    !ghcb_sw_exit_info_2_is_valid(ghcb))
@@ -2247,30 +2252,34 @@ static int sev_es_validate_vmgexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 	case SVM_VMGEXIT_UNSUPPORTED_EVENT:
 		break;
 	default:
+		reason = GHCB_ERR_INVALID_EVENT;
 		goto vmgexit_err;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return true;
 
 vmgexit_err:
 	vcpu = &svm->vcpu;
 
-	if (ghcb->ghcb_usage) {
+	if (reason == GHCB_ERR_INVALID_USAGE) {
 		vcpu_unimpl(vcpu, "vmgexit: ghcb usage %#x is not valid\n",
 			    ghcb->ghcb_usage);
+	} else if (reason == GHCB_ERR_INVALID_EVENT) {
+		vcpu_unimpl(vcpu, "vmgexit: exit code %#llx is not valid\n",
+			    exit_code);
 	} else {
-		vcpu_unimpl(vcpu, "vmgexit: exit reason %#llx is not valid\n",
+		vcpu_unimpl(vcpu, "vmgexit: exit code %#llx input is not valid\n",
 			    exit_code);
 		dump_ghcb(svm);
 	}
 
-	vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR;
-	vcpu->run->internal.suberror = KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_EXIT_REASON;
-	vcpu->run->internal.ndata = 2;
-	vcpu->run->internal.data[0] = exit_code;
-	vcpu->run->internal.data[1] = vcpu->arch.last_vmentry_cpu;
+	/* Clear the valid entries fields */
+	memset(ghcb->save.valid_bitmap, 0, sizeof(ghcb->save.valid_bitmap));
+
+	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_1(ghcb, 2);
+	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(ghcb, reason);
 
-	return -EINVAL;
+	return false;
 }
 
 void sev_es_unmap_ghcb(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
@@ -2329,7 +2338,7 @@ void pre_sev_run(struct vcpu_svm *svm, int cpu)
 }
 
 #define GHCB_SCRATCH_AREA_LIMIT		(16ULL * PAGE_SIZE)
-static int setup_vmgexit_scratch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, bool sync, u64 len)
+static bool setup_vmgexit_scratch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, bool sync, u64 len)
 {
 	struct vmcb_control_area *control = &svm->vmcb->control;
 	struct ghcb *ghcb = svm->sev_es.ghcb;
@@ -2340,14 +2349,14 @@ static int setup_vmgexit_scratch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, bool sync, u64 len)
 	scratch_gpa_beg = ghcb_get_sw_scratch(ghcb);
 	if (!scratch_gpa_beg) {
 		pr_err("vmgexit: scratch gpa not provided\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
+		goto e_scratch;
 	}
 
 	scratch_gpa_end = scratch_gpa_beg + len;
 	if (scratch_gpa_end < scratch_gpa_beg) {
 		pr_err("vmgexit: scratch length (%#llx) not valid for scratch address (%#llx)\n",
 		       len, scratch_gpa_beg);
-		return -EINVAL;
+		goto e_scratch;
 	}
 
 	if ((scratch_gpa_beg & PAGE_MASK) == control->ghcb_gpa) {
@@ -2365,7 +2374,7 @@ static int setup_vmgexit_scratch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, bool sync, u64 len)
 		    scratch_gpa_end > ghcb_scratch_end) {
 			pr_err("vmgexit: scratch area is outside of GHCB shared buffer area (%#llx - %#llx)\n",
 			       scratch_gpa_beg, scratch_gpa_end);
-			return -EINVAL;
+			goto e_scratch;
 		}
 
 		scratch_va = (void *)svm->sev_es.ghcb;
@@ -2378,18 +2387,18 @@ static int setup_vmgexit_scratch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, bool sync, u64 len)
 		if (len > GHCB_SCRATCH_AREA_LIMIT) {
 			pr_err("vmgexit: scratch area exceeds KVM limits (%#llx requested, %#llx limit)\n",
 			       len, GHCB_SCRATCH_AREA_LIMIT);
-			return -EINVAL;
+			goto e_scratch;
 		}
 		scratch_va = kvzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (!scratch_va)
-			return -ENOMEM;
+			goto e_scratch;
 
 		if (kvm_read_guest(svm->vcpu.kvm, scratch_gpa_beg, scratch_va, len)) {
 			/* Unable to copy scratch area from guest */
 			pr_err("vmgexit: kvm_read_guest for scratch area failed\n");
 
 			kvfree(scratch_va);
-			return -EFAULT;
+			goto e_scratch;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -2405,7 +2414,13 @@ static int setup_vmgexit_scratch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, bool sync, u64 len)
 	svm->sev_es.ghcb_sa = scratch_va;
 	svm->sev_es.ghcb_sa_len = len;
 
-	return 0;
+	return true;
+
+e_scratch:
+	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_1(ghcb, 2);
+	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(ghcb, GHCB_ERR_INVALID_SCRATCH_AREA);
+
+	return false;
 }
 
 static void set_ghcb_msr_bits(struct vcpu_svm *svm, u64 value, u64 mask,
@@ -2456,7 +2471,7 @@ static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 
 		ret = svm_invoke_exit_handler(vcpu, SVM_EXIT_CPUID);
 		if (!ret) {
-			ret = -EINVAL;
+			/* Error, keep GHCB MSR value as-is */
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -2492,10 +2507,13 @@ static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 						GHCB_MSR_TERM_REASON_POS);
 		pr_info("SEV-ES guest requested termination: %#llx:%#llx\n",
 			reason_set, reason_code);
-		fallthrough;
+
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		break;
 	}
 	default:
-		ret = -EINVAL;
+		/* Error, keep GHCB MSR value as-is */
+		break;
 	}
 
 	trace_kvm_vmgexit_msr_protocol_exit(svm->vcpu.vcpu_id,
@@ -2519,14 +2537,18 @@ int sev_handle_vmgexit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	if (!ghcb_gpa) {
 		vcpu_unimpl(vcpu, "vmgexit: GHCB gpa is not set\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* Without a GHCB, just return right back to the guest */
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (kvm_vcpu_map(vcpu, ghcb_gpa >> PAGE_SHIFT, &svm->sev_es.ghcb_map)) {
 		/* Unable to map GHCB from guest */
 		vcpu_unimpl(vcpu, "vmgexit: error mapping GHCB [%#llx] from guest\n",
 			    ghcb_gpa);
-		return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* Without a GHCB, just return right back to the guest */
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	svm->sev_es.ghcb = svm->sev_es.ghcb_map.hva;
@@ -2536,18 +2558,17 @@ int sev_handle_vmgexit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	exit_code = ghcb_get_sw_exit_code(ghcb);
 
-	ret = sev_es_validate_vmgexit(svm);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+	if (!sev_es_validate_vmgexit(svm))
+		return 1;
 
 	sev_es_sync_from_ghcb(svm);
 	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_1(ghcb, 0);
 	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(ghcb, 0);
 
+	ret = 1;
 	switch (exit_code) {
 	case SVM_VMGEXIT_MMIO_READ:
-		ret = setup_vmgexit_scratch(svm, true, control->exit_info_2);
-		if (ret)
+		if (!setup_vmgexit_scratch(svm, true, control->exit_info_2))
 			break;
 
 		ret = kvm_sev_es_mmio_read(vcpu,
@@ -2556,8 +2577,7 @@ int sev_handle_vmgexit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 					   svm->sev_es.ghcb_sa);
 		break;
 	case SVM_VMGEXIT_MMIO_WRITE:
-		ret = setup_vmgexit_scratch(svm, false, control->exit_info_2);
-		if (ret)
+		if (!setup_vmgexit_scratch(svm, false, control->exit_info_2))
 			break;
 
 		ret = kvm_sev_es_mmio_write(vcpu,
@@ -2586,14 +2606,10 @@ int sev_handle_vmgexit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		default:
 			pr_err("svm: vmgexit: unsupported AP jump table request - exit_info_1=%#llx\n",
 			       control->exit_info_1);
-			ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_1(ghcb, 1);
-			ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(ghcb,
-						X86_TRAP_UD |
-						SVM_EVTINJ_TYPE_EXEPT |
-						SVM_EVTINJ_VALID);
+			ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_1(ghcb, 2);
+			ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(ghcb, GHCB_ERR_INVALID_INPUT);
 		}
 
-		ret = 1;
 		break;
 	}
 	case SVM_VMGEXIT_UNSUPPORTED_EVENT:
@@ -2613,7 +2629,6 @@ int sev_es_string_io(struct vcpu_svm *svm, int size, unsigned int port, int in)
 {
 	int count;
 	int bytes;
-	int r;
 
 	if (svm->vmcb->control.exit_info_2 > INT_MAX)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -2622,9 +2637,8 @@ int sev_es_string_io(struct vcpu_svm *svm, int size, unsigned int port, int in)
 	if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(count, size, &bytes)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	r = setup_vmgexit_scratch(svm, in, bytes);
-	if (r)
-		return r;
+	if (!setup_vmgexit_scratch(svm, in, bytes))
+		return 1;
 
 	return kvm_sev_es_string_io(&svm->vcpu, size, port, svm->sev_es.ghcb_sa,
 				    count, in);
