diff --git a/nptl/descr.h b/nptl/descr.h
index c85778d449..4b2db6edab 100644
--- a/nptl/descr.h
+++ b/nptl/descr.h
@@ -124,6 +124,18 @@ struct priority_protection_data
 };
 
 
+/* Define a possible thread state on 'joinstate' field.  The value will be
+   cleared by the kernel when the thread terminates (CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID),
+   so THREAD_STATE_EXITED must be 0.  */
+enum
+  {
+    THREAD_STATE_EXITED = 0,
+    THREAD_STATE_EXITING,
+    THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE,
+    THREAD_STATE_DETACHED,
+  };
+
+
 /* Thread descriptor data structure.  */
 struct pthread
 {
@@ -166,8 +178,7 @@ struct pthread
      GL (dl_stack_user) list.  */
   list_t list;
 
-  /* Thread ID - which is also a 'is this thread descriptor (and
-     therefore stack) used' flag.  */
+  /* Thread ID set by the kernel with CLONE_PARENT_SETTID.  */
   pid_t tid;
 
   /* Ununsed.  */
@@ -335,15 +346,8 @@ struct pthread
   hp_timing_t cpuclock_offset_ununsed;
 #endif
 
-  /* If the thread waits to join another one the ID of the latter is
-     stored here.
-
-     In case a thread is detached this field contains a pointer of the
-     TCB if the thread itself.  This is something which cannot happen
-     in normal operation.  */
-  struct pthread *joinid;
-  /* Check whether a thread is detached.  */
-#define IS_DETACHED(pd) ((pd)->joinid == (pd))
+  /* The current thread state defined by the THREAD_STATE_* enumeration.  */
+  unsigned int joinstate;
 
   /* The result of the thread function.  */
   void *result;
diff --git a/nptl/nptl-stack.h b/nptl/nptl-stack.h
index a6bd8df77f..8f3cfbf71e 100644
--- a/nptl/nptl-stack.h
+++ b/nptl/nptl-stack.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 static inline bool
 __nptl_stack_in_use (struct pthread *pd)
 {
-  return pd->tid <= 0;
+  return atomic_load_relaxed (&pd->joinstate) == THREAD_STATE_EXITED;
 }
 
 /* Remove the stack ELEM from its list.  */
diff --git a/nptl/pthreadP.h b/nptl/pthreadP.h
index ef0b367120..bfb0e40b44 100644
--- a/nptl/pthreadP.h
+++ b/nptl/pthreadP.h
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ libc_hidden_proto (__pthread_setcanceltype)
 extern void __pthread_testcancel (void);
 libc_hidden_proto (__pthread_testcancel)
 extern int __pthread_clockjoin_ex (pthread_t, void **, clockid_t,
-				   const struct __timespec64 *, bool)
+				   const struct __timespec64 *)
   attribute_hidden;
 extern int __pthread_sigmask (int, const sigset_t *, sigset_t *);
 libc_hidden_proto (__pthread_sigmask);
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_clockjoin.c b/nptl/pthread_clockjoin.c
index f5007d7831..8798f26fcf 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_clockjoin.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_clockjoin.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ___pthread_clockjoin_np64 (pthread_t threadid, void **thread_return,
     return EINVAL;
 
   return __pthread_clockjoin_ex (threadid, thread_return,
-                                 clockid, abstime, true);
+                                 clockid, abstime);
 }
 
 #if __TIMESIZE == 64
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_create.c b/nptl/pthread_create.c
index 8f1a77b5a8..0c0f2c03e5 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_create.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_create.c
@@ -283,7 +283,8 @@ static int create_thread (struct pthread *pd, const struct pthread_attr *attr,
 # define ARCH_CLONE __clone
 #endif
   if (__glibc_unlikely (ARCH_CLONE (&start_thread, STACK_VARIABLES_ARGS,
-				    clone_flags, pd, &pd->tid, tp, &pd->tid)
+				    clone_flags, pd, &pd->tid, tp,
+				    &pd->joinstate)
 			== -1))
     return errno;
 
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ start_thread (void *arg)
          and free any resource prior return to the pthread_create caller.  */
       setup_failed = pd->setup_failed == 1;
       if (setup_failed)
-	pd->joinid = NULL;
+	pd->joinstate = THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE;
 
       /* And give it up right away.  */
       lll_unlock (pd->lock, LLL_PRIVATE);
@@ -473,9 +474,20 @@ start_thread (void *arg)
      the breakpoint reports TD_THR_RUN state rather than TD_THR_ZOMBIE.  */
   atomic_bit_set (&pd->cancelhandling, EXITING_BIT);
 
-  if (__glibc_unlikely (atomic_decrement_and_test (&__nptl_nthreads)))
-    /* This was the last thread.  */
-    exit (0);
+
+  /* CONCURRENCY NOTES:
+
+     Concurrent pthread_detach() will either set state to
+     THREAD_STATE_DETACHED or wait the thread to terminate.  The exiting state
+     set here is set so a pthread_join() wait until all the required cleanup
+     steps are done.
+
+     The 'joinstate' field will be used to determine who is responsible to
+     call __nptl_free_tcb below.  */
+
+  unsigned int joinstate = THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE;
+  atomic_compare_exchange_weak_acquire (&pd->joinstate, &joinstate,
+					THREAD_STATE_EXITING);
 
 #ifndef __ASSUME_SET_ROBUST_LIST
   /* We let the kernel do the notification if it is able to do so on the exit
@@ -511,6 +523,10 @@ start_thread (void *arg)
     }
 #endif
 
+  if (__glibc_unlikely (atomic_decrement_and_test (&__nptl_nthreads)))
+    /* This was the last thread.  */
+    exit (0);
+
   if (!pd->user_stack)
     advise_stack_range (pd->stackblock, pd->stackblock_size, (uintptr_t) pd,
 			pd->guardsize);
@@ -531,9 +547,7 @@ start_thread (void *arg)
       pd->setxid_futex = 0;
     }
 
-  /* If the thread is detached free the TCB.  */
-  if (IS_DETACHED (pd))
-    /* Free the TCB.  */
+  if (joinstate == THREAD_STATE_DETACHED)
     __nptl_free_tcb (pd);
 
 out:
@@ -541,7 +555,7 @@ out:
 
      The 'exit' implementation in the kernel will signal when the
      process is really dead since 'clone' got passed the CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID
-     flag.  The 'tid' field in the TCB will be set to zero.
+     flag.  The 'joinstate' field in the TCB will be set to zero.
 
      The exit code is zero since in case all threads exit by calling
      'pthread_exit' the exit status must be 0 (zero).  */
@@ -635,10 +649,9 @@ __pthread_create_2_1 (pthread_t *newthread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
   pd->flags = ((iattr->flags & ~(ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET | ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET))
 	       | (self->flags & (ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET | ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET)));
 
-  /* Initialize the field for the ID of the thread which is waiting
-     for us.  This is a self-reference in case the thread is created
-     detached.  */
-  pd->joinid = iattr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_DETACHSTATE ? pd : NULL;
+  pd->joinstate = iattr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_DETACHSTATE
+		  ? THREAD_STATE_DETACHED
+		  : THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE;
 
   /* The debug events are inherited from the parent.  */
   pd->eventbuf = self->eventbuf;
@@ -797,10 +810,11 @@ __pthread_create_2_1 (pthread_t *newthread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
 
 	  /* Similar to pthread_join, but since thread creation has failed at
 	     startup there is no need to handle all the steps.  */
-	  pid_t tid;
-	  while ((tid = atomic_load_acquire (&pd->tid)) != 0)
-	    __futex_abstimed_wait_cancelable64 ((unsigned int *) &pd->tid,
-						tid, 0, NULL, LLL_SHARED);
+	  unsigned int state;
+	  while ((state = atomic_load_acquire (&pd->joinstate))
+                 != THREAD_STATE_EXITED)
+	    __futex_abstimed_wait_cancelable64 (&pd->joinstate, state, 0,
+                                                NULL, LLL_SHARED);
         }
 
       /* State (c) or (d) and we have ownership of PD (see CONCURRENCY
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_detach.c b/nptl/pthread_detach.c
index ac50db9b0e..97d292cab8 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_detach.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_detach.c
@@ -26,32 +26,24 @@ ___pthread_detach (pthread_t th)
 {
   struct pthread *pd = (struct pthread *) th;
 
-  /* Make sure the descriptor is valid.  */
-  if (INVALID_NOT_TERMINATED_TD_P (pd))
-    /* Not a valid thread handle.  */
-    return ESRCH;
+  /* CONCURRENCY NOTES:
 
-  int result = 0;
+     Concurrent pthread_detach() will return EINVAL for the case the thread
+     is already detached (THREAD_STATE_DETACHED).  POSIX states it is
+     undefined to call pthread_detach if TH refers to a non joinable thread.
 
-  /* Mark the thread as detached.  */
-  if (atomic_compare_and_exchange_bool_acq (&pd->joinid, pd, NULL))
+     For the case the thread is being terminated (THREAD_STATE_EXITING),
+     pthread_detach() will responsible to clean up the stack.  */
+
+  int curstate = THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE;
+  if (!atomic_compare_exchange_weak_acquire (&pd->joinstate, &curstate,
+					     THREAD_STATE_DETACHED))
     {
-      /* There are two possibilities here.  First, the thread might
-	 already be detached.  In this case we return EINVAL.
-	 Otherwise there might already be a waiter.  The standard does
-	 not mention what happens in this case.  */
-      if (IS_DETACHED (pd))
-	result = EINVAL;
+      if (curstate == THREAD_STATE_DETACHED)
+	return EINVAL;
+      return __pthread_join (th, 0);
     }
-  else
-    /* Check whether the thread terminated meanwhile.  In this case we
-       will just free the TCB.  */
-    if ((pd->cancelhandling & EXITING_BITMASK) != 0)
-      /* Note that the code in __free_tcb makes sure each thread
-	 control block is freed only once.  */
-      __nptl_free_tcb (pd);
-
-  return result;
+  return 0;
 }
 versioned_symbol (libc, ___pthread_detach, pthread_detach, GLIBC_2_34);
 libc_hidden_ver (___pthread_detach, __pthread_detach)
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_getattr_np.c b/nptl/pthread_getattr_np.c
index 25807cb529..560ba9ab98 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_getattr_np.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_getattr_np.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ __pthread_getattr_np (pthread_t thread_id, pthread_attr_t *attr)
   iattr->flags = thread->flags;
 
   /* The thread might be detached by now.  */
-  if (IS_DETACHED (thread))
+  if (atomic_load_acquire (&thread->joinstate) == THREAD_STATE_DETACHED)
     iattr->flags |= ATTR_FLAG_DETACHSTATE;
 
   /* This is the guardsize after adjusting it.  */
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_join.c b/nptl/pthread_join.c
index d2b33de73d..195a537029 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_join.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_join.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ int
 ___pthread_join (pthread_t threadid, void **thread_return)
 {
   return __pthread_clockjoin_ex (threadid, thread_return, 0 /* Ignored */,
-				 NULL, true);
+				 NULL);
 }
 versioned_symbol (libc, ___pthread_join, pthread_join, GLIBC_2_34);
 libc_hidden_ver (___pthread_join, __pthread_join)
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_join_common.c b/nptl/pthread_join_common.c
index 7303069316..0870f36ecb 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_join_common.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_join_common.c
@@ -22,113 +22,74 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <futex-internal.h>
 
-static void
-cleanup (void *arg)
+/* Check for a possible deadlock situation where the threads are waiting for
+   each other to finish.  Note that this is a "may" error.  To be 100% sure we
+   catch this error we would have to lock the data structures but it is not
+   necessary.  In the unlikely case that two threads are really caught in this
+   situation they will deadlock.  It is the programmer's problem to figure
+   this out.  */
+static inline bool
+check_for_deadlock (int state, struct pthread *pd)
 {
-  /* If we already changed the waiter ID, reset it.  The call cannot
-     fail for any reason but the thread not having done that yet so
-     there is no reason for a loop.  */
   struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;
-  atomic_compare_exchange_weak_acquire (&arg, &self, NULL);
+  return ((pd == self
+	   || (atomic_load_acquire (&self->joinstate) == THREAD_STATE_DETACHED
+	       && (pd->cancelhandling
+		   & (CANCELED_BITMASK | EXITING_BITMASK
+		      | TERMINATED_BITMASK)) == 0))
+	   && !(self->cancelstate == PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE
+		&& (pd->cancelhandling & (CANCELED_BITMASK | EXITING_BITMASK
+					  | TERMINATED_BITMASK))
+		== CANCELED_BITMASK));
 }
 
 int
 __pthread_clockjoin_ex (pthread_t threadid, void **thread_return,
                         clockid_t clockid,
-                        const struct __timespec64 *abstime, bool block)
+                        const struct __timespec64 *abstime)
 {
   struct pthread *pd = (struct pthread *) threadid;
 
-  /* Make sure the descriptor is valid.  */
-  if (INVALID_NOT_TERMINATED_TD_P (pd))
-    /* Not a valid thread handle.  */
-    return ESRCH;
-
-  /* Is the thread joinable?.  */
-  if (IS_DETACHED (pd))
-    /* We cannot wait for the thread.  */
-    return EINVAL;
-
-  struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;
-  int result = 0;
-
   LIBC_PROBE (pthread_join, 1, threadid);
 
-  if ((pd == self
-       || (self->joinid == pd
-	   && (pd->cancelhandling
-	       & (CANCELED_BITMASK | EXITING_BITMASK
-		  | TERMINATED_BITMASK)) == 0))
-      && !(self->cancelstate == PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE
-	   && (pd->cancelhandling & (CANCELED_BITMASK | EXITING_BITMASK
-				     | TERMINATED_BITMASK))
-	       == CANCELED_BITMASK))
-    /* This is a deadlock situation.  The threads are waiting for each
-       other to finish.  Note that this is a "may" error.  To be 100%
-       sure we catch this error we would have to lock the data
-       structures but it is not necessary.  In the unlikely case that
-       two threads are really caught in this situation they will
-       deadlock.  It is the programmer's problem to figure this
-       out.  */
-    return EDEADLK;
-
-  /* Wait for the thread to finish.  If it is already locked something
-     is wrong.  There can only be one waiter.  */
-  else if (__glibc_unlikely (atomic_compare_exchange_weak_acquire (&pd->joinid,
-								   &self,
-								   NULL)))
-    /* There is already somebody waiting for the thread.  */
-    return EINVAL;
-
-  /* BLOCK waits either indefinitely or based on an absolute time.  POSIX also
-     states a cancellation point shall occur for pthread_join, and we use the
-     same rationale for posix_timedjoin_np.  Both clockwait_tid and the futex
-     call use the cancellable variant.  */
-  if (block)
+  int result = 0;
+  unsigned int state;
+  while ((state = atomic_load_acquire (&pd->joinstate))
+	 != THREAD_STATE_EXITED)
     {
-      /* During the wait we change to asynchronous cancellation.  If we
-	 are cancelled the thread we are waiting for must be marked as
-	 un-wait-ed for again.  */
-      pthread_cleanup_push (cleanup, &pd->joinid);
-
-      /* We need acquire MO here so that we synchronize with the
-         kernel's store to 0 when the clone terminates. (see above)  */
-      pid_t tid;
-      while ((tid = atomic_load_acquire (&pd->tid)) != 0)
-        {
-         /* The kernel notifies a process which uses CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID via
-	    futex wake-up when the clone terminates.  The memory location
-	    contains the thread ID while the clone is running and is reset to
-	    zero by the kernel afterwards.  The kernel up to version 3.16.3
-	    does not use the private futex operations for futex wake-up when
-	    the clone terminates.  */
-	  int ret = __futex_abstimed_wait_cancelable64 (
-	    (unsigned int *) &pd->tid, tid, clockid, abstime, LLL_SHARED);
-	  if (ret == ETIMEDOUT || ret == EOVERFLOW)
-	    {
-	      result = ret;
-	      break;
-	    }
+      if (check_for_deadlock (state, pd))
+	return EDEADLK;
+
+      /* POSIX states calling pthread_join() on a non joinable thread is
+         undefined.  However, if PD is still in the cache we can still warn
+         the caller.  */
+      if (state == THREAD_STATE_DETACHED)
+	return EINVAL;
+
+      /* pthread_join() is a cancellation entrypoint and we use the same
+         rationale for pthread_timedjoin_np().
+
+	 The kernel notifies a process which uses CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID via
+	 a memory zerouing and futex wake up when the process terminates.
+	 The futex operation is not private.  */
+      int ret = __futex_abstimed_wait_cancelable64 (&pd->joinstate, state,
+						    clockid, abstime,
+						    LLL_SHARED);
+      if (ret == ETIMEDOUT || ret == EOVERFLOW)
+	{
+	  result = ret;
+	  break;
 	}
-
-      pthread_cleanup_pop (0);
     }
 
   void *pd_result = pd->result;
-  if (__glibc_likely (result == 0))
+  if (result == 0)
     {
-      /* We mark the thread as terminated and as joined.  */
-      pd->tid = -1;
-
-      /* Store the return value if the caller is interested.  */
+      pd->tid = 0;
       if (thread_return != NULL)
 	*thread_return = pd_result;
-
-      /* Free the TCB.  */
       __nptl_free_tcb (pd);
     }
-  else
-    pd->joinid = NULL;
 
   LIBC_PROBE (pthread_join_ret, 3, threadid, result, pd_result);
 
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_timedjoin.c b/nptl/pthread_timedjoin.c
index ebc31f935a..b35c8f4279 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_timedjoin.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_timedjoin.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ___pthread_timedjoin_np64 (pthread_t threadid, void **thread_return,
                            const struct __timespec64 *abstime)
 {
   return __pthread_clockjoin_ex (threadid, thread_return,
-                                 CLOCK_REALTIME, abstime, true);
+                                 CLOCK_REALTIME, abstime);
 }
 
 #if __TIMESIZE == 64
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_tryjoin.c b/nptl/pthread_tryjoin.c
index fd938e8780..726f2abc68 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_tryjoin.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_tryjoin.c
@@ -22,15 +22,17 @@
 int
 __pthread_tryjoin_np (pthread_t threadid, void **thread_return)
 {
-  /* Return right away if the thread hasn't terminated yet.  */
-  struct pthread *pd = (struct pthread *) threadid;
-  if (pd->tid != 0)
-    return EBUSY;
+  /* The joinable state (THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE) is straigthforward since the
+     thread hasn't finished yet and trying to join might block.
+     Both detached (THREAD_STATE_DETACHED) and exiting (THREAD_STATE_EXITING)
+     might also result in a possible blocking call: a detached thread might
+     change its state to exiting and a exiting thread my take some time to
+     exit (and thus let the kernel set the state to THREAD_STATE_EXITED).  */
 
-  /* If pd->tid == 0 then lll_wait_tid will not block on futex
-     operation.  */
-  return __pthread_clockjoin_ex (threadid, thread_return, 0 /* Ignored */,
-				 NULL, false);
+  struct pthread *pd = (struct pthread *) threadid;
+  return atomic_load_acquire (&pd->joinstate) != THREAD_STATE_EXITED
+	 ? EBUSY
+	 : __pthread_clockjoin_ex (threadid, thread_return, 0, NULL);
 }
 versioned_symbol (libc, __pthread_tryjoin_np, pthread_tryjoin_np, GLIBC_2_34);
 
diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/dl-tls_init_tp.c b/sysdeps/nptl/dl-tls_init_tp.c
index b7b3bb1cdb..32a9acd8f7 100644
--- a/sysdeps/nptl/dl-tls_init_tp.c
+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/dl-tls_init_tp.c
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ __tls_init_tp (void)
 
    /* Early initialization of the TCB.   */
    struct pthread *pd = THREAD_SELF;
-   pd->tid = INTERNAL_SYSCALL_CALL (set_tid_address, &pd->tid);
+   pd->tid = INTERNAL_SYSCALL_CALL (set_tid_address, &pd->joinstate);
    THREAD_SETMEM (pd, specific[0], &pd->specific_1stblock[0]);
    THREAD_SETMEM (pd, user_stack, true);
 
@@ -97,4 +97,6 @@ __tls_init_tp (void)
 
   THREAD_SETMEM (pd, cancelstate, PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE);
   THREAD_SETMEM (pd, canceltype, PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED);
+
+  THREAD_SETMEM (pd, joinstate, THREAD_STATE_JOINABLE);
 }
diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h b/sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h
index b56bf34325..592326e977 100644
--- a/sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h
+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
 #include <atomic.h>
+#include <futex-internal.h>
 #include <nptl/pthreadP.h>
 
 _Noreturn static void
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ __libc_start_call_main (int (*main) (int, char **, char ** MAIN_AUXVEC_DECL),
       /* One less thread.  Decrement the counter.  If it is zero we
          terminate the entire process.  */
       result = 0;
+
+      /* For the case a thread is waiting for the main thread to finish.  */
+      struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;
+      atomic_store_release (&self->joinstate, THREAD_STATE_EXITED);
+      futex_wake (&self->joinstate, 1, FUTEX_SHARED);
+
       if (! atomic_decrement_and_test (&__nptl_nthreads))
         /* Not much left to do but to exit the thread, not the process.  */
 	while (1)
diff --git a/sysdeps/pthread/tst-thrd-detach.c b/sysdeps/pthread/tst-thrd-detach.c
index c844767748..e1906a0e10 100644
--- a/sysdeps/pthread/tst-thrd-detach.c
+++ b/sysdeps/pthread/tst-thrd-detach.c
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-
+#include <limits.h>
 #include <support/check.h>
 
 static int
 detach_thrd (void *arg)
 {
-  if (thrd_detach (thrd_current ()) != thrd_success)
-    FAIL_EXIT1 ("thrd_detach failed");
+  thrd_sleep (&(struct timespec) { .tv_sec = INT_MAX }, NULL);
+
   thrd_exit (thrd_success);
 }
 
@@ -36,15 +36,11 @@ do_test (void)
 {
   thrd_t id;
 
-  /* Create new thread.  */
-  if (thrd_create (&id, detach_thrd, NULL) != thrd_success)
-    FAIL_EXIT1 ("thrd_create failed");
+  TEST_COMPARE (thrd_create (&id, detach_thrd, NULL), thrd_success);
 
-  /* Give some time so the thread can finish.  */
-  thrd_sleep (&(struct timespec) {.tv_sec = 2}, NULL);
+  TEST_COMPARE (thrd_detach (id), thrd_success);
 
-  if (thrd_join (id, NULL) == thrd_success)
-    FAIL_EXIT1 ("thrd_join succeed where it should fail");
+  TEST_COMPARE (thrd_join (id, NULL), thrd_error);
 
   return 0;
 }
