| Message ID | tkrat.e779dc1a05db1c81@netcologne.de |
|---|---|
| State | New |
| Headers | show |
On 05/01/2017 02:38 AM, Volker Reichelt wrote: > Hi, > > catching exceptions by value is a bad thing, as it may cause slicing, i.e. > a) a superfluous copy > b) which is only partial. > See also https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#e15-catch-exceptions-from-a-hierarchy-by-reference > > To warn the user about catch handlers of non-reference type, > the following patch adds a new C++/ObjC++ warning option "-Wcatch-value". I think the problems related to catching exceptions by value apply to (a subset of) class types but not so much to fundamental types. I would expect indiscriminately warning on every type to be overly restrictive. The Enforcement section of the C++ guideline suggests to Flag by-value exceptions if their types are part of a hierarchy (could require whole-program analysis to be perfect). The corresponding CERT C++ Coding Standard guideline offers a similar suggestion here: https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/x/TAD5CQ so I would suggest to model the warning on that approach (within limits of a single translation unit, of course). I.e., warn only for catching by value objects of non-trivial types, or perhaps even only polymorphic types? Martin > > Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu. > OK for trunk? > > Regards, > Volker > > > 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> > > * doc/invoke.texi (-Wcatch-value): Document new warning option. > > Index: gcc/doc/invoke.texi > =================================================================== > --- gcc/doc/invoke.texi (revision 247416) > +++ gcc/doc/invoke.texi (working copy) > @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ > -Wno-builtin-declaration-mismatch @gol > -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -Wc90-c99-compat -Wc99-c11-compat @gol > -Wc++-compat -Wc++11-compat -Wc++14-compat -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual @gol > --Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol > +-Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wcatch-value -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol > -Wconditionally-supported @gol > -Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-cpp -Wdangling-else -Wdate-time @gol > -Wdelete-incomplete @gol > @@ -5827,6 +5827,11 @@ > literals to @code{char *}. This warning is enabled by default for C++ > programs. > > +@item -Wcatch-value @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)} > +@opindex Wcatch-value > +@opindex Wno-catch-value > +Warn about catch handler of non-reference type. > + > @item -Wclobbered > @opindex Wclobbered > @opindex Wno-clobbered > =================================================================== > > 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> > > * c.opt (Wcatch-value): New C++ warning flag. > > Index: gcc/c-family/c.opt > =================================================================== > --- gcc/c-family/c.opt (revision 247416) > +++ gcc/c-family/c.opt (working copy) > @@ -388,6 +388,10 @@ > C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_cast_qual) Warning > Warn about casts which discard qualifiers. > > +Wcatch-value > +C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_catch_value) Warning > +Warn about catch handlers of non-reference type. > + > Wchar-subscripts > C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_char_subscripts) Warning LangEnabledBy(C ObjC C++ ObjC++,Wall) > Warn about subscripts whose type is \"char\". > =================================================================== > > 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> > > * semantics.c (finish_handler_parms): Warn about non-reference type > catch handlers. > > Index: gcc/cp/semantics.c > =================================================================== > --- gcc/cp/semantics.c (revision 247416) > +++ gcc/cp/semantics.c (working copy) > @@ -1321,7 +1321,15 @@ > } > } > else > - type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); > + { > + type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); > + if (warn_catch_value > + && type != NULL_TREE > + && type != error_mark_node > + && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != REFERENCE_TYPE) > + warning (OPT_Wcatch_value, > + "catching non-reference type %qT", TREE_TYPE (decl)); > + } > HANDLER_TYPE (handler) = type; > } > > =================================================================== > > 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> > > * g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C: New test. > > Index: gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C > =================================================================== > --- gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 > +++ gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 > @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ > +// { dg-options "-Wcatch-value" } > + > +struct A {}; > +struct B {}; > +struct C {}; > + > +void foo() > +{ > + try {} > + catch (int) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } > + catch (double*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } > + catch (float&) {} > + catch (A) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } > + catch (A[2]) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } > + catch (B*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } > + catch (B&) {} > + catch (const C&) {} > +} > + > +template<typename T> void foo1() > +{ > + try {} > + catch (T) {} > +} > + > +void bar1() > +{ > + foo1<int&>(); > + foo1<const A&>(); > +} > + > +template<typename T> void foo2() > +{ > + try {} > + catch (T) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } > + > + try {} > + catch (T&) {} > +} > + > +void bar2() > +{ > + foo2<int*>(); // { dg-message "required" } > + foo2<A>(); // { dg-message "required" } > +} > =================================================================== >
On 2 May, Martin Sebor wrote: > On 05/01/2017 02:38 AM, Volker Reichelt wrote: >> Hi, >> >> catching exceptions by value is a bad thing, as it may cause slicing, i.e. >> a) a superfluous copy >> b) which is only partial. >> See also https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#e15-catch-exceptions-from-a-hierarchy-by-reference >> >> To warn the user about catch handlers of non-reference type, >> the following patch adds a new C++/ObjC++ warning option "-Wcatch-value". > > I think the problems related to catching exceptions by value > apply to (a subset of) class types but not so much to fundamental > types. I would expect indiscriminately warning on every type to > be overly restrictive. > > The Enforcement section of the C++ guideline suggests to > > Flag by-value exceptions if their types are part of a hierarchy > (could require whole-program analysis to be perfect). > > The corresponding CERT C++ Coding Standard guideline offers > a similar suggestion here: > > https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/x/TAD5CQ > > so I would suggest to model the warning on that approach (within > limits of a single translation unit, of course). I.e., warn only > for catching by value objects of non-trivial types, or perhaps even > only polymorphic types? > > Martin I've never seen anybody throw integers in real-world code, so I didn't want to complicate things for this case. But maybe I should only warn about class-types. IMHO it makes sense to warn about non-polymorphic class types (although slicing is not a problem there), because you still have to deal with redundant copies. Another thing would be pointers. I've never seen pointers in catch handlers (except some 'catch (const char*)' which I would consider bad practice). Therefore I'd like to warn about 'catch (const A*)' which might be a typo that should read 'catch (const A&)' instead. Would that be OK? Regards, Volker >> Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu. >> OK for trunk? >> >> Regards, >> Volker >> >> >> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >> >> * doc/invoke.texi (-Wcatch-value): Document new warning option. >> >> Index: gcc/doc/invoke.texi >> =================================================================== >> --- gcc/doc/invoke.texi (revision 247416) >> +++ gcc/doc/invoke.texi (working copy) >> @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ >> -Wno-builtin-declaration-mismatch @gol >> -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -Wc90-c99-compat -Wc99-c11-compat @gol >> -Wc++-compat -Wc++11-compat -Wc++14-compat -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual @gol >> --Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol >> +-Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wcatch-value -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol >> -Wconditionally-supported @gol >> -Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-cpp -Wdangling-else -Wdate-time @gol >> -Wdelete-incomplete @gol >> @@ -5827,6 +5827,11 @@ >> literals to @code{char *}. This warning is enabled by default for C++ >> programs. >> >> +@item -Wcatch-value @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)} >> +@opindex Wcatch-value >> +@opindex Wno-catch-value >> +Warn about catch handler of non-reference type. >> + >> @item -Wclobbered >> @opindex Wclobbered >> @opindex Wno-clobbered >> =================================================================== >> >> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >> >> * c.opt (Wcatch-value): New C++ warning flag. >> >> Index: gcc/c-family/c.opt >> =================================================================== >> --- gcc/c-family/c.opt (revision 247416) >> +++ gcc/c-family/c.opt (working copy) >> @@ -388,6 +388,10 @@ >> C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_cast_qual) Warning >> Warn about casts which discard qualifiers. >> >> +Wcatch-value >> +C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_catch_value) Warning >> +Warn about catch handlers of non-reference type. >> + >> Wchar-subscripts >> C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_char_subscripts) Warning LangEnabledBy(C ObjC C++ ObjC++,Wall) >> Warn about subscripts whose type is \"char\". >> =================================================================== >> >> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >> >> * semantics.c (finish_handler_parms): Warn about non-reference type >> catch handlers. >> >> Index: gcc/cp/semantics.c >> =================================================================== >> --- gcc/cp/semantics.c (revision 247416) >> +++ gcc/cp/semantics.c (working copy) >> @@ -1321,7 +1321,15 @@ >> } >> } >> else >> - type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); >> + { >> + type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); >> + if (warn_catch_value >> + && type != NULL_TREE >> + && type != error_mark_node >> + && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != REFERENCE_TYPE) >> + warning (OPT_Wcatch_value, >> + "catching non-reference type %qT", TREE_TYPE (decl)); >> + } >> HANDLER_TYPE (handler) = type; >> } >> >> =================================================================== >> >> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >> >> * g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C: New test. >> >> Index: gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C >> =================================================================== >> --- gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 >> +++ gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 >> @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ >> +// { dg-options "-Wcatch-value" } >> + >> +struct A {}; >> +struct B {}; >> +struct C {}; >> + >> +void foo() >> +{ >> + try {} >> + catch (int) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >> + catch (double*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >> + catch (float&) {} >> + catch (A) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >> + catch (A[2]) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >> + catch (B*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >> + catch (B&) {} >> + catch (const C&) {} >> +} >> + >> +template<typename T> void foo1() >> +{ >> + try {} >> + catch (T) {} >> +} >> + >> +void bar1() >> +{ >> + foo1<int&>(); >> + foo1<const A&>(); >> +} >> + >> +template<typename T> void foo2() >> +{ >> + try {} >> + catch (T) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >> + >> + try {} >> + catch (T&) {} >> +} >> + >> +void bar2() >> +{ >> + foo2<int*>(); // { dg-message "required" } >> + foo2<A>(); // { dg-message "required" } >> +} >> =================================================================== >> >
On 05/07/2017 02:03 PM, Volker Reichelt wrote: > On 2 May, Martin Sebor wrote: >> On 05/01/2017 02:38 AM, Volker Reichelt wrote: >>> Hi, >>> >>> catching exceptions by value is a bad thing, as it may cause slicing, i.e. >>> a) a superfluous copy >>> b) which is only partial. >>> See also https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#e15-catch-exceptions-from-a-hierarchy-by-reference >>> >>> To warn the user about catch handlers of non-reference type, >>> the following patch adds a new C++/ObjC++ warning option "-Wcatch-value". >> >> I think the problems related to catching exceptions by value >> apply to (a subset of) class types but not so much to fundamental >> types. I would expect indiscriminately warning on every type to >> be overly restrictive. >> >> The Enforcement section of the C++ guideline suggests to >> >> Flag by-value exceptions if their types are part of a hierarchy >> (could require whole-program analysis to be perfect). >> >> The corresponding CERT C++ Coding Standard guideline offers >> a similar suggestion here: >> >> https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/x/TAD5CQ >> >> so I would suggest to model the warning on that approach (within >> limits of a single translation unit, of course). I.e., warn only >> for catching by value objects of non-trivial types, or perhaps even >> only polymorphic types? >> >> Martin > > I've never seen anybody throw integers in real-world code, so I didn't > want to complicate things for this case. But maybe I should only warn > about class-types. > > IMHO it makes sense to warn about non-polymorphic class types > (although slicing is not a problem there), because you still have to > deal with redundant copies. > > Another thing would be pointers. I've never seen pointers in catch > handlers (except some 'catch (const char*)' which I would consider > bad practice). Therefore I'd like to warn about 'catch (const A*)' > which might be a typo that should read 'catch (const A&)' instead. > > Would that be OK? To my knowledge, catch by value of non-polymorphic types (and certainly fundamental types) is not a cause of common bugs. It's part of the recommended practice to throw by value, catch by reference, which is grounded in avoiding the slicing problem. It's also sometimes recommended for non-trivial class types to avoid creating a copy of the object (which, for non-trivial types, may need to allocate resource and could throw). Otherwise, it's not dissimilar to pass-by value vs pass-by-reference (or even pass-by-pointer). Both may be good practices for some types or in some situations but neither is necessary to avoid bugs or universally applicable to achieve superior performance. The pointer case is interesting. In C++ Coding Standards, Sutter and Alexandrescu recommend to throw (and catch) smart pointers over plain pointers because it obviates having to deal with memory management issues. That's sound advice but it seems more like a design guideline than a coding rule aimed at directly preventing bugs. I also think that the memory management bugs that it might find might be more easily detected at the throw site instead. E.g., warning on the throw expression below: { Exception e; throw &e; } or perhaps even on { throw *new Exception (); } A more sophisticated (and less restrictive) checker could detect and warn on "throw <T*>" if it found a catch (T) or catch (T&) in the same file and no catch (T*) (but not warn otherwise). Martin PS After re-reading some of the coding guidelines on this topic it occurs to me that (if your patch doesn't handle this case yet) it might be worth considering to enhance it to also warn on rethrowing caught polymorphic objects (i.e., warn on catch (E &e) { throw e; } and suggest to use "throw;" instead, for the same reason: to help avoid slicing. PPS It may be a useful feature to implement some of other ideas you mentioned (e.g., throw by value rather than pointer) but it feels like a separate and more ambitious project than detecting the relatively common and narrow slicing problem. > > Regards, > Volker > >>> Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu. >>> OK for trunk? >>> >>> Regards, >>> Volker >>> >>> >>> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >>> >>> * doc/invoke.texi (-Wcatch-value): Document new warning option. >>> >>> Index: gcc/doc/invoke.texi >>> =================================================================== >>> --- gcc/doc/invoke.texi (revision 247416) >>> +++ gcc/doc/invoke.texi (working copy) >>> @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ >>> -Wno-builtin-declaration-mismatch @gol >>> -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -Wc90-c99-compat -Wc99-c11-compat @gol >>> -Wc++-compat -Wc++11-compat -Wc++14-compat -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual @gol >>> --Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol >>> +-Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wcatch-value -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol >>> -Wconditionally-supported @gol >>> -Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-cpp -Wdangling-else -Wdate-time @gol >>> -Wdelete-incomplete @gol >>> @@ -5827,6 +5827,11 @@ >>> literals to @code{char *}. This warning is enabled by default for C++ >>> programs. >>> >>> +@item -Wcatch-value @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)} >>> +@opindex Wcatch-value >>> +@opindex Wno-catch-value >>> +Warn about catch handler of non-reference type. >>> + >>> @item -Wclobbered >>> @opindex Wclobbered >>> @opindex Wno-clobbered >>> =================================================================== >>> >>> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >>> >>> * c.opt (Wcatch-value): New C++ warning flag. >>> >>> Index: gcc/c-family/c.opt >>> =================================================================== >>> --- gcc/c-family/c.opt (revision 247416) >>> +++ gcc/c-family/c.opt (working copy) >>> @@ -388,6 +388,10 @@ >>> C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_cast_qual) Warning >>> Warn about casts which discard qualifiers. >>> >>> +Wcatch-value >>> +C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_catch_value) Warning >>> +Warn about catch handlers of non-reference type. >>> + >>> Wchar-subscripts >>> C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_char_subscripts) Warning LangEnabledBy(C ObjC C++ ObjC++,Wall) >>> Warn about subscripts whose type is \"char\". >>> =================================================================== >>> >>> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >>> >>> * semantics.c (finish_handler_parms): Warn about non-reference type >>> catch handlers. >>> >>> Index: gcc/cp/semantics.c >>> =================================================================== >>> --- gcc/cp/semantics.c (revision 247416) >>> +++ gcc/cp/semantics.c (working copy) >>> @@ -1321,7 +1321,15 @@ >>> } >>> } >>> else >>> - type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); >>> + { >>> + type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); >>> + if (warn_catch_value >>> + && type != NULL_TREE >>> + && type != error_mark_node >>> + && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != REFERENCE_TYPE) >>> + warning (OPT_Wcatch_value, >>> + "catching non-reference type %qT", TREE_TYPE (decl)); >>> + } >>> HANDLER_TYPE (handler) = type; >>> } >>> >>> =================================================================== >>> >>> 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> >>> >>> * g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C: New test. >>> >>> Index: gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C >>> =================================================================== >>> --- gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 >>> +++ gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 >>> @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ >>> +// { dg-options "-Wcatch-value" } >>> + >>> +struct A {}; >>> +struct B {}; >>> +struct C {}; >>> + >>> +void foo() >>> +{ >>> + try {} >>> + catch (int) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >>> + catch (double*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >>> + catch (float&) {} >>> + catch (A) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >>> + catch (A[2]) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >>> + catch (B*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >>> + catch (B&) {} >>> + catch (const C&) {} >>> +} >>> + >>> +template<typename T> void foo1() >>> +{ >>> + try {} >>> + catch (T) {} >>> +} >>> + >>> +void bar1() >>> +{ >>> + foo1<int&>(); >>> + foo1<const A&>(); >>> +} >>> + >>> +template<typename T> void foo2() >>> +{ >>> + try {} >>> + catch (T) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } >>> + >>> + try {} >>> + catch (T&) {} >>> +} >>> + >>> +void bar2() >>> +{ >>> + foo2<int*>(); // { dg-message "required" } >>> + foo2<A>(); // { dg-message "required" } >>> +} >>> =================================================================== >>> >> >
On Sun, May 7, 2017 at 8:05 PM, Martin Sebor <msebor@gmail.com> wrote: > On 05/07/2017 02:03 PM, Volker Reichelt wrote: >> >> On 2 May, Martin Sebor wrote: >>> >>> On 05/01/2017 02:38 AM, Volker Reichelt wrote: >>>> >>>> Hi, >>>> >>>> catching exceptions by value is a bad thing, as it may cause slicing, >>>> i.e. >>>> a) a superfluous copy >>>> b) which is only partial. >>>> See also >>>> https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#e15-catch-exceptions-from-a-hierarchy-by-reference >>>> >>>> To warn the user about catch handlers of non-reference type, >>>> the following patch adds a new C++/ObjC++ warning option >>>> "-Wcatch-value". >>> >>> >>> I think the problems related to catching exceptions by value >>> apply to (a subset of) class types but not so much to fundamental >>> types. I would expect indiscriminately warning on every type to >>> be overly restrictive. >>> >>> The Enforcement section of the C++ guideline suggests to >>> >>> Flag by-value exceptions if their types are part of a hierarchy >>> (could require whole-program analysis to be perfect). >>> >>> The corresponding CERT C++ Coding Standard guideline offers >>> a similar suggestion here: >>> >>> https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/x/TAD5CQ >>> >>> so I would suggest to model the warning on that approach (within >>> limits of a single translation unit, of course). I.e., warn only >>> for catching by value objects of non-trivial types, or perhaps even >>> only polymorphic types? >>> >>> Martin >> >> >> I've never seen anybody throw integers in real-world code, so I didn't >> want to complicate things for this case. But maybe I should only warn >> about class-types. >> >> IMHO it makes sense to warn about non-polymorphic class types >> (although slicing is not a problem there), because you still have to >> deal with redundant copies. >> >> Another thing would be pointers. I've never seen pointers in catch >> handlers (except some 'catch (const char*)' which I would consider >> bad practice). Therefore I'd like to warn about 'catch (const A*)' >> which might be a typo that should read 'catch (const A&)' instead. >> >> Would that be OK? > > > To my knowledge, catch by value of non-polymorphic types (and > certainly fundamental types) is not a cause of common bugs. > It's part of the recommended practice to throw by value, catch > by reference, which is grounded in avoiding the slicing problem. > It's also sometimes recommended for non-trivial class types to > avoid creating a copy of the object (which, for non-trivial types, > may need to allocate resource and could throw). Otherwise, it's > not dissimilar to pass-by value vs pass-by-reference (or even > pass-by-pointer). Both may be good practices for some types or > in some situations but neither is necessary to avoid bugs or > universally applicable to achieve superior performance. > > The pointer case is interesting. In C++ Coding Standards, > Sutter and Alexandrescu recommend to throw (and catch) smart > pointers over plain pointers because it obviates having to deal > with memory management issues. That's sound advice but it seems > more like a design guideline than a coding rule aimed at directly > preventing bugs. I also think that the memory management bugs > that it might find might be more easily detected at the throw > site instead. E.g., warning on the throw expression below: > > { > Exception e; > throw &e; > } > > or perhaps even on > > { > throw *new Exception (); > } > > A more sophisticated (and less restrictive) checker could detect > and warn on "throw <T*>" if it found a catch (T) or catch (T&) > in the same file and no catch (T*) (but not warn otherwise). > > Martin > > PS After re-reading some of the coding guidelines on this topic > it occurs to me that (if your patch doesn't handle this case yet) > it might be worth considering to enhance it to also warn on > rethrowing caught polymorphic objects (i.e., warn on > > catch (E &e) { throw e; } > > and suggest to use "throw;" instead, for the same reason: to > help avoid slicing. > > PPS It may be a useful feature to implement some of other ideas > you mentioned (e.g., throw by value rather than pointer) but it > feels like a separate and more ambitious project than detecting > the relatively common and narrow slicing problem. I agree with Martin's comments. Jason
Index: gcc/doc/invoke.texi =================================================================== --- gcc/doc/invoke.texi (revision 247416) +++ gcc/doc/invoke.texi (working copy) @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ -Wno-builtin-declaration-mismatch @gol -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -Wc90-c99-compat -Wc99-c11-compat @gol -Wc++-compat -Wc++11-compat -Wc++14-compat -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual @gol --Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol +-Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wcatch-value -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol -Wconditionally-supported @gol -Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-cpp -Wdangling-else -Wdate-time @gol -Wdelete-incomplete @gol @@ -5827,6 +5827,11 @@ literals to @code{char *}. This warning is enabled by default for C++ programs. +@item -Wcatch-value @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)} +@opindex Wcatch-value +@opindex Wno-catch-value +Warn about catch handler of non-reference type. + @item -Wclobbered @opindex Wclobbered @opindex Wno-clobbered =================================================================== 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> * c.opt (Wcatch-value): New C++ warning flag. Index: gcc/c-family/c.opt =================================================================== --- gcc/c-family/c.opt (revision 247416) +++ gcc/c-family/c.opt (working copy) @@ -388,6 +388,10 @@ C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_cast_qual) Warning Warn about casts which discard qualifiers. +Wcatch-value +C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_catch_value) Warning +Warn about catch handlers of non-reference type. + Wchar-subscripts C ObjC C++ ObjC++ Var(warn_char_subscripts) Warning LangEnabledBy(C ObjC C++ ObjC++,Wall) Warn about subscripts whose type is \"char\". =================================================================== 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> * semantics.c (finish_handler_parms): Warn about non-reference type catch handlers. Index: gcc/cp/semantics.c =================================================================== --- gcc/cp/semantics.c (revision 247416) +++ gcc/cp/semantics.c (working copy) @@ -1321,7 +1321,15 @@ } } else - type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); + { + type = expand_start_catch_block (decl); + if (warn_catch_value + && type != NULL_TREE + && type != error_mark_node + && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != REFERENCE_TYPE) + warning (OPT_Wcatch_value, + "catching non-reference type %qT", TREE_TYPE (decl)); + } HANDLER_TYPE (handler) = type; } =================================================================== 2017-05-01 Volker Reichelt <v.reichelt@netcologne.de> * g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C: New test. Index: gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C =================================================================== --- gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 +++ gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wcatch-value-1.C 2017-05-01 @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +// { dg-options "-Wcatch-value" } + +struct A {}; +struct B {}; +struct C {}; + +void foo() +{ + try {} + catch (int) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } + catch (double*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } + catch (float&) {} + catch (A) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } + catch (A[2]) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } + catch (B*) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } + catch (B&) {} + catch (const C&) {} +} + +template<typename T> void foo1() +{ + try {} + catch (T) {} +} + +void bar1() +{ + foo1<int&>(); + foo1<const A&>(); +} + +template<typename T> void foo2() +{ + try {} + catch (T) {} // { dg-warning "catching non-reference type" } + + try {} + catch (T&) {} +} + +void bar2() +{ + foo2<int*>(); // { dg-message "required" } + foo2<A>(); // { dg-message "required" } +}