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AutoFDO patch for trunk

Message ID CAO2gOZX7QE6HMxcoemaUtHUGNCz2Yin110fh_uhyvc8L3_HFhg@mail.gmail.com
State New
Headers show

Commit Message

Dehao Chen Oct. 16, 2014, 6:44 p.m. UTC
Hi, Honza,

I've integrated all your comments to the patch. New patch attached.

Thanks,
Dehao



On Wed, Oct 15, 2014 at 7:28 AM, Jan Hubicka <hubicka@ucw.cz> wrote:
>> Index: gcc/cfgloop.c
>> ===================================================================
>> --- gcc/cfgloop.c     (revision 215826)
>> +++ gcc/cfgloop.c     (working copy)
>> @@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@ record_niter_bound (struct loop *loop, const wides
>>      }
>>    if (realistic
>>        && (!loop->any_estimate
>> -       || wi::ltu_p (i_bound, loop->nb_iterations_estimate)))
>> +       || (!flag_auto_profile && wi::ltu_p (i_bound, loop->nb_iterations_estimate))))
>
> I do not remember this hunk from previous patches.  So you make autofdo to drop
> the conditional that new estimate must be smaller than preivously derived.  I
> suppose it is because you want autofdo estimates to be overwritten by anything
> determined later.
>
> Lets drop this hunk now, too.  I think we really want to have way to track if
> the estimate is from autofdo and thus "not too reliable but better than
> nothing" and we may want to introduce some kind of reliability metric on way
> estimates are derived.
>
> Lets handle this incrementally and drop this change from this patch.

Done.

>
>> Index: gcc/doc/invoke.texi
>> ===================================================================
>> --- gcc/doc/invoke.texi       (revision 215826)
>> +++ gcc/doc/invoke.texi       (working copy)
>> @@ -365,7 +365,8 @@ Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects}.
>>  @gccoptlist{-faggressive-loop-optimizations -falign-functions[=@var{n}] @gol
>>  -falign-jumps[=@var{n}] @gol
>>  -falign-labels[=@var{n}] -falign-loops[=@var{n}] @gol
>> --fassociative-math -fauto-inc-dec -fbranch-probabilities @gol
>> +-fassociative-math -fauto-profile -fauto-profile[=@var{path}] @gol
>> +-fauto-inc-dec -fbranch-probabilities @gol
>>  -fbranch-target-load-optimize -fbranch-target-load-optimize2 @gol
>>  -fbtr-bb-exclusive -fcaller-saves @gol
>>  -fcheck-data-deps -fcombine-stack-adjustments -fconserve-stack @gol
>> @@ -9164,6 +9165,19 @@ code.
>>
>>  If @var{path} is specified, GCC looks at the @var{path} to find
>>  the profile feedback data files. See @option{-fprofile-dir}.
>> +
>> +@item -fauto-profile
>> +@itemx -fauto-profile=@var{path}
>> +@opindex fauto-profile
>> +Enable sampling based feedback directed optimizations, and optimizations
>> +generally profitable only with profile feedback available.
>> +
>> +The following options are enabled: @code{-fbranch-probabilities}, @code{-fvpt},
>> +@code{-funroll-loops}, @code{-fpeel-loops}, @code{-ftracer}, @code{-ftree-vectorize},
>> +@code{ftree-loop-distribute-patterns}
>> +
>> +If @var{path} is specified, GCC looks at the @var{path} to find
>> +the profile feedback data files.
>
> I agree with Andi that you need to write more here - basically it should be clear how to
> profile the application and use the data.
>
> We do use external tools here (oprofile/gperf/non-Linux tools I suppose) plus an
> conversion tool. So you need to provide some references to those.
>
> Actually I think it would be really nice to add tutorial-like chapter into GCC
> manual about using FDO/autoFDO to improve your code or even more general aimed
> covering advanced topics like correct LTO use, profile feedback and other fun.

Done, added some little example to demonstrate how to collect profile.

>> Index: gcc/value-prof.c
>> ===================================================================
>> --- gcc/value-prof.c  (revision 215826)
>> +++ gcc/value-prof.c  (working copy)
>> @@ -134,11 +134,10 @@ static bool gimple_divmod_fixed_value_transform (g
>>  static bool gimple_mod_pow2_value_transform (gimple_stmt_iterator *);
>>  static bool gimple_mod_subtract_transform (gimple_stmt_iterator *);
>>  static bool gimple_stringops_transform (gimple_stmt_iterator *);
>> -static bool gimple_ic_transform (gimple_stmt_iterator *);
>>
>>  /* Allocate histogram value.  */
>>
>> -static histogram_value
>> +histogram_value
>>  gimple_alloc_histogram_value (struct function *fun ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
>>                             enum hist_type type, gimple stmt, tree value)
>
> Do we still need to expor those?

Yes, as soon as we are faking histogram.

>
>>  {
>> @@ -1307,6 +1306,9 @@ del_node_map (void)
>>  struct cgraph_node*
>>  find_func_by_profile_id (int profile_id)
>>  {
>> +  if (flag_auto_profile)
>> +    return cgraph_node::get_for_asmname (
>> +     get_identifier ((const char *)(size_t)profile_id));
>
> This definitly needs an comment.  Why you need to use find_func_by_profile_id on both
> gcov profiling and auto profiling paths?
> Perhaps you can use your own fnuction here?
>
> Or perhaps this is not necessary if you implement directly the indirect call optimiization?

Done

>
> We may try to head towards of having way to read both coverage and auto profile into compiler
> eventually. It may be useful to get extra precision from gcov profile and to measure data
> like cache misses with auto profile.
>>    cgraph_node **val = cgraph_node_map->get (profile_id);
>>    if (val)
>>      return *val;
>> @@ -1320,7 +1322,7 @@ find_func_by_profile_id (int profile_id)
>>     may ICE. Here we only do very minimal sanity check just to make compiler happy.
>>     Returns true if TARGET is considered ok for call CALL_STMT.  */
>>
>> -static bool
>> +bool
>>  check_ic_target (gimple call_stmt, struct cgraph_node *target)
>>  {
>>     location_t locus;
>> @@ -1483,7 +1485,7 @@ gimple_ic (gimple icall_stmt, struct cgraph_node *
>>    this call to:
>>   */
>>
>> -static bool
>> +bool
>>  gimple_ic_transform (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi)
>
> I do not think those needs to be exported.

Done

>>  {
>>    gimple stmt = gsi_stmt (*gsi);
>> +
>> +/* The following routines implements AutoFDO optimization.
>> +
>> +   This optimization uses sampling profiles to annotate basic block counts
>> +   and uses heuristics to estimate branch probabilities.
>> +
>> +   There are three phases in AutoFDO:
>> +
>> +   Phase 1: Read profile from the profile data file.
>> +     The following info is read from the profile datafile:
>> +        * string_table: a map between function name and its index.
>> +        * autofdo_source_profile: a map from function_instance name to
>> +          function_instance. This is represented as a forest of
>> +          function_instances.
>
> This description does not seem to make it very clear what autofdo_source_profile is.
> Perhaps expand a bit more about what function instance is?

Done.

>> +        * WorkingSet: a histogram of how many instructions are covered for a
>> +        given percentage of total cycles.
>
> Here I think a bit extra explanation would be nice.  Working sets are per-line information?

Done.

>> +
>> +   Phase 2: Early inline + VPT.
>
> Probably expand VPT - it requires one to be quite familiar with GCC sources to
> follow 3 letter acronyms ;)

Done.

>> +     Early inline uses autofdo_source_profile to find if a callsite is:
>> +        * inlined in the profiled binary.
>> +        * callee body is hot in the profiling run.
>> +     If both condition satisfies, early inline will inline the callsite
>> +     regardless of the code growth.
>> +     Phase 2 is an iterative process. During each iteration, we also check
>> +     if an indirect callsite is promoted and inlined in the profiling run.
>> +     If yes, vpt will happen to force promote it and in the next iteration,
>> +     einline will inline the promoted callsite in the next iteration.
> Perhaps "If yes, direct speculative call is introduced"
> given that speculative edges are now kind of first class players here.
>> +
>> +   Phase 3: Annotate control flow graph.
>> +     AutoFDO uses a separate pass to:
>> +        * Annotate basic block count
>
>            * Annotate basic blocks with count?
>
>> +        * Estimate branch probability
>
>            * Propagate counts across callgraph to fill in information
>              missing in the profile.
>
> You probably could expand a bit how profile is driven by source lines and thus
> may completely miss some basic blocks.
>> +
>> +   After the above 3 phases, all profile is readily annotated on the GCC IR.
>> +   AutoFDO tries to reuse all FDO infrastructure as much as possible to make
>> +   use of the profile. E.g. it uses existing mechanism to calculate the basic
>> +   block/edge frequency, as well as the cgraph node/edge count.
>> +*/
>> +
>> +#define DEFAULT_AUTO_PROFILE_FILE "fbdata.afdo"
>> +
>> +namespace autofdo
>> +{
>> +
>> +/* Represent a source location: (function_decl, lineno).  */
>> +typedef std::pair<tree, unsigned> decl_lineno;
>> +
>> +/* Represent an inline stack. vector[0] is the leaf node.  */
>> +typedef std::vector<decl_lineno> inline_stack;
>> +
>> +/* String array that stores function names.  */
>> +typedef std::vector<const char *> string_vector;
>
> I am not sure about use of std:: stuff in GCC. Basically I do not see anything
> really bad about it, just in case we have our own equivalents, we may stick
> of using those.  So perhaps using our vec would make more sense.

Done

>> +
>> +/* Profile of a function instance:
>> +     1. total_count of the function.
>> +     2. head_count of the function (only valid when function is a top-level
>> +        function_instance, i.e. it is the original copy instead of the
>> +        inlined copy).
>
> Perhaps explain what is head count?

Done
>
>> +     3. map from source location (decl_lineno) of the inlined callsite to
>> +        profile (count_info).
>
> Of inline callsite? I would expect this to be actual line profile of the
> function.

You are right, updated the comment.

>
>> +/* Helper functions.  */
>> +
>> +/* Return the original name of NAME: strip the suffix that starts
>> +   with '.'  */
>> +
>> +static const char *
>> +get_original_name (const char *name)
>> +{
>> +  char *ret = xstrdup (name);
>> +  char *find = strchr (ret, '.');
>> +  if (find != NULL)
>> +    *find = 0;
>> +  return ret;
>> +}
>
> Caller is actuallly responsible for freeing RET, right? Perhaps it should be mentioned
> in the comment and actually done in uses.

Done.

>> +
>> +/* Return the combined location, which is a 32bit integer in which
>> +   higher 16 bits stores the line offset of LOC to the start lineno
>> +   of DECL, The lower 16 bits stores the discrimnator.  */
>> +
>> +static unsigned
>> +get_combined_location (location_t loc, tree decl)
>> +{
>> +  /* TODO: allow more bits for line and less bits for discriminator.  */
>> +  return ((LOCATION_LINE (loc) - DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl)) << 16);
>> +}
>
> We may consider dropping a message into dump file making clear that overflow happened.

Done.

>> +
>> +/* Return the function decl of a given lexical BLOCK.  */
>> +
>> +static tree
>> +get_function_decl_from_block (tree block)
>> +{
>> +  tree decl;
>> +
>> +  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (BLOCK_SOURCE_LOCATION (block) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION))
>> +    return NULL_TREE;
>> +
>> +  for (decl = BLOCK_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (block);
>> +       decl && (TREE_CODE (decl) == BLOCK);
>> +       decl = BLOCK_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl))
>> +    if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
>> +      break;
>> +  return decl;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Store inline stack for STMT in STACK.  */
>> +
>> +static void
>> +get_inline_stack (location_t locus, inline_stack *stack)
>> +{
>> +  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (locus) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
>> +    return;
>> +
>> +  tree block = LOCATION_BLOCK (locus);
>> +  if (block && TREE_CODE (block) == BLOCK)
>> +    {
>> +      int level = 0;
>> +      for (block = BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block);
>> +           block && (TREE_CODE (block) == BLOCK);
>> +           block = BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block))
>> +        {
>> +          location_t tmp_locus = BLOCK_SOURCE_LOCATION (block);
>> +          if (LOCATION_LOCUS (tmp_locus) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
>> +            continue;
>> +
>> +          tree decl = get_function_decl_from_block (block);
>> +          stack->push_back (
>> +              std::make_pair (decl, get_combined_location (locus, decl)));
>
> OK, you walk block tree up and for each block you want to lookup the function context
> it originate from and push it to stack.
> Won't you get extra NULL entries for inner blocks within the functions?

We only take those BLOCK_SOURCE_LOCATION is not UNKNOWN_LOCATION.

>
>> +
>> +/* Member functions for string_table.  */
>> +
>> +string_table *
>> +string_table::create ()
>
> Why this is not a constructor?

We use static initializer because it's not suggested to put too much
logic in constructor.

>> +{
>> +  string_table *map = new string_table ();
>> +  if (map->read ())
>> +    return map;
>> +  delete map;
>> +  return NULL;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Return the index of a given function NAME.  */
> Perhaps document that function returns -1 when index is not found.

Done.

>> +
>> +int
>> +string_table::get_index (const char *name) const
>> +{
>> +  if (name == NULL)
>> +    return -1;
>> +  string_index_map::const_iterator iter = map_.find (name);
>> +  if (iter == map_.end ())
>> +    return -1;
>> +  else
>> +    return iter->second;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Return the index of a given function DECL.  */
> Similarly here.

Done.

>> +
>> +/* Traverse callsites of the current function_instance to find one at the
>> +   location of LINENO and callee name represented in DECL.  */
>> +
>> +function_instance *
>> +function_instance::get_function_instance_by_decl (unsigned lineno,
>> +                                                  tree decl) const
>> +{
>> +  int func_name_idx = afdo_string_table->get_index_by_decl (decl);
>> +  if (func_name_idx != -1)
>> +    {
>> +      callsite_map::const_iterator ret
>> +          = callsites.find (std::make_pair (lineno, func_name_idx));
>> +      if (ret != callsites.end ())
>> +        return ret->second;
>> +    }
>> +  func_name_idx
>> +      = afdo_string_table->get_index (lang_hooks.dwarf_name (decl, 0));
>> +  if (func_name_idx != -1)
>> +    {
>> +      callsite_map::const_iterator ret
>> +          = callsites.find (std::make_pair (lineno, func_name_idx));
>> +      if (ret != callsites.end ())
>> +        return ret->second;
>> +    }
>
> The two hunks probably can be unified.
> Why get_index_by_decl does not already use dwarf name and why do you need to consider both?

get_index_by_decl is actually a wrapper of get_index. It tolerates
error when assembler name is not emitted in the debug binary (mostly
for functions that are fully inlined). In this case, we will first try
to find the index of the assembler name, if not found, then bfd name.
If still not found, then we try to find name from its abstract
location.

>
>> +  if (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl))
>> +    return get_function_instance_by_decl (lineno, DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl));
>
> What really happens for ipa-cp function clones and for split functions?

Their name suffix will be stripped before matching names.

>
>> +  else
>> +    return NULL;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Recursively traverse STACK starting from LEVEL to find the corresponding
>> +   function_instance.  */
>> +
>> +function_instance *
>> +function_instance::get_function_instance (const inline_stack &stack,
>> +                                          unsigned level)
>> +{
>> +  if (level == 0)
>> +    return this;
>> +  function_instance *s = get_function_instance_by_decl (
>> +      stack[level].second, stack[level - 1].first);
>> +  if (s)
>> +    return s->get_function_instance (stack, level - 1);
>> +  else
>> +    return NULL;
>
> Someting that probably could be written by iteration ;)

Done (removed the function, and use iteration in its caller.
>> +
>> +/* Read the profile and create a function_instance with head count as
>> +   HEAD_COUNT. Recursively read callsites to create nested function_instances
>> +   too. STACK is used to track the recursive creation process.  */
>> +
>> +/* function instance profile format:
>> +
>> +   ENTRY_COUNT: 8 bytes
>> +   NAME_INDEX: 4 bytes
>> +   NUM_POS_COUNTS: 4 bytes
>> +   NUM_CALLSITES: 4 byte
>> +   POS_COUNT_1:
>> +     POS_1_OFFSET: 4 bytes
>> +     NUM_TARGETS: 4 bytes
>> +     COUNT: 8 bytes
>> +     TARGET_1:
>> +       VALUE_PROFILE_TYPE: 4 bytes
>> +       TARGET_IDX: 8 bytes
>> +       COUNT: 8 bytes
>
> So basically you have list of statements identified by offsets that have counts with them.
> If the statement is indirect call, then you have numb targets and you have the value profiles
> associated with them, right?

yes
>
> I am not sure it is a win to have the things represented as VPT histograms when you shoot
> for quite special purpose problem.  But lets deal with these incrementally, too.
> (in general I do not see why you try to share so much with the gcov based VTP - it seems
> easier to do the speculation by hand)

Basically there are 2 problem:

* before annotation. I agree this is a special purpose problem
* after annotation. This should be the same problem as VPT.

>
>> +
>> +static void
>> +read_profile (void)
>
> Block comment here, even though it is quite obvious ;)

Done.

>> +{
>> +  if (gcov_open (auto_profile_file, 1) == 0)
>> +    error ("Cannot open profile file %s.", auto_profile_file);
>> +
>> +  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_DATA_MAGIC)
>> +    error ("AutoFDO profile magic number does not mathch.");
>> +
>> +  /* Skip the version number.  */
>> +  gcov_read_unsigned ();
>> +
>> +  /* Skip the empty integer.  */
>> +  gcov_read_unsigned ();
>
> Perhaps we can just check the values?

What do you mean? Check the value against 0?

>> +
>> +  /* string_table.  */
>> +  afdo_string_table = string_table::create ();
>> +  if (afdo_string_table == NULL)
>> +    error ("Cannot read string table from %s.", auto_profile_file);
>> +
>> +  /* autofdo_source_profile.  */
>> +  afdo_source_profile = autofdo_source_profile::create ();
>> +  if (afdo_source_profile == NULL)
>> +    error ("Cannot read function profile from %s.", auto_profile_file);
>> +
>> +  /* autofdo_module_profile.  */
>> +  fake_read_autofdo_module_profile ();
>> +
>> +  /* Read in the working set.  */
>> +  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_TAG_AFDO_WORKING_SET)
>> +    error ("Cannot read working set from %s.", auto_profile_file);
>> +
>> +  /* Skip the length of the section.  */
>> +  gcov_read_unsigned ();
>> +  gcov_working_set_t set[128];
>> +  for (unsigned i = 0; i < 128; i++)
>> +    {
>> +      set[i].num_counters = gcov_read_unsigned ();
>> +      set[i].min_counter = gcov_read_counter ();
>> +    }
>> +  add_working_set (set);
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* From AutoFDO profiles, find values inside STMT for that we want to measure
>> +   histograms for indirect-call optimization.  */
>
>         This function is actually served for 2 purposes:
>
>         * before annotation, we need to mark histogram, promote and inline
>         * after annotation, we just need to mark, and let follow-up logic to
>         decide if it needs to promote and inline.
>
> Perhaps add it to the block comment?

Done.
>
>         And you are right, for the "before annotation" case, we can simply
>         call "mark speculative" and "inline". But we still need the logic to
>         fake histogram for "after annotation" case. As a result, I unified two
>         cases into one function to reuse code as much as possible. Shall I
>         separate it into two functions instead?
>
> Who is using the histogram later? Is it the normal ipa-profile code?
> In that case it probably makes sense to produce the histogram indeed.

At the end of afdo_annotate_cfg, we call
gimple_value_profile_transformations, which reuse all the vpt logic to
mark speculative/edges and ipa-inline the edges.

>
> You sitll can probably avoid using gimple_ic_transform. Because you fake the
> histogram, the early checks in function will not lead to anything useful.
> You probably want to check yourself check_ic_target

Done.

>
> Does this have chance to work inter-module?

Yes, it works fine with LIPO.

>
>> Index: gcc/opts.c
>> ===================================================================
>> --- gcc/opts.c        (revision 215826)
>> +++ gcc/opts.c        (working copy)
>> @@ -1279,6 +1279,55 @@ print_specific_help (unsigned int include_flags,
>>                      opts->x_help_columns, opts, lang_mask);
>>  }
>>
>> +static void
>> +enable_fdo_optimizations (struct gcc_options *opts,
>> +                       struct gcc_options *opts_set,
>> +                       int value)
>
> Block comment here.

Done.

>> +{
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_branch_probabilities)
>> +    opts->x_flag_branch_probabilities = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_values)
>> +    opts->x_flag_profile_values = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_unroll_loops)
>> +    opts->x_flag_unroll_loops = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_peel_loops)
>> +    opts->x_flag_peel_loops = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tracer)
>> +    opts->x_flag_tracer = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
>> +    opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_inline_functions)
>> +    opts->x_flag_inline_functions = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp)
>> +    opts->x_flag_ipa_cp = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone
>> +      && value && opts->x_flag_ipa_cp)
>> +    opts->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_predictive_commoning)
>> +    opts->x_flag_predictive_commoning = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_unswitch_loops)
>> +    opts->x_flag_unswitch_loops = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_gcse_after_reload)
>> +    opts->x_flag_gcse_after_reload = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize
>> +      && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
>> +    opts->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize
>> +      && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
>> +    opts->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_vect_cost_model)
>> +    opts->x_flag_vect_cost_model = VECT_COST_MODEL_DYNAMIC;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns)
>> +    opts->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns = value;
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions)
>> +    opts->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions = value;
>> +  /* Indirect call profiling should do all useful transformations
>> +     speculative devirtualization does.  */
>> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively
>> +      && opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
>> +    opts->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively = false;
>> +}
>> +
>>  /* Handle target- and language-independent options.  Return zero to
>>     generate an "unknown option" message.  Only options that need
>>     extra handling need to be listed here; if you simply want
>> @@ -1746,50 +1795,23 @@ common_handle_option (struct gcc_options *opts,
>>        value = true;
>>        /* No break here - do -fprofile-use processing. */
>>      case OPT_fprofile_use:
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_branch_probabilities)
>> -     opts->x_flag_branch_probabilities = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_values)
>> -     opts->x_flag_profile_values = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_unroll_loops)
>> -     opts->x_flag_unroll_loops = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_peel_loops)
>> -     opts->x_flag_peel_loops = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tracer)
>> -     opts->x_flag_tracer = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
>> -     opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_inline_functions)
>> -     opts->x_flag_inline_functions = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp)
>> -     opts->x_flag_ipa_cp = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone
>> -       && value && opts->x_flag_ipa_cp)
>> -     opts->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_predictive_commoning)
>> -     opts->x_flag_predictive_commoning = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_unswitch_loops)
>> -     opts->x_flag_unswitch_loops = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_gcse_after_reload)
>> -     opts->x_flag_gcse_after_reload = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize
>> -          && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
>> -     opts->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize
>> -          && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
>> -     opts->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_vect_cost_model)
>> -     opts->x_flag_vect_cost_model = VECT_COST_MODEL_DYNAMIC;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns)
>> -     opts->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns = value;
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions)
>> -     opts->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions = value;
>> -      /* Indirect call profiling should do all useful transformations
>> -      speculative devirtualization does.  */
>> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively
>> -       && opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
>> -     opts->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively = false;
>> +      enable_fdo_optimizations (opts, opts_set, value);
>>        break;
>>
>> +    case OPT_fauto_profile_:
>> +      opts->x_auto_profile_file = xstrdup (arg);
>> +      opts->x_flag_auto_profile = true;
>> +      value = true;
>> +      /* No break here - do -fauto-profile processing. */
>> +    case OPT_fauto_profile:
>> +      enable_fdo_optimizations (opts, opts_set, value);
>> +      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_correction)
>> +     opts->x_flag_profile_correction = value;
>> +      maybe_set_param_value (
>> +     PARAM_EARLY_INLINER_MAX_ITERATIONS, 10,
>> +     opts->x_param_values, opts_set->x_param_values);
>> +      break;
>> +
>>      case OPT_fprofile_generate_:
>>        opts->x_profile_data_prefix = xstrdup (arg);
>>        value = true;
>> Index: gcc/ipa-inline.c
>> ===================================================================
>> --- gcc/ipa-inline.c  (revision 215826)
>> +++ gcc/ipa-inline.c  (working copy)
>> @@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
>>  #include "ipa-inline.h"
>>  #include "ipa-utils.h"
>>  #include "sreal.h"
>> +#include "auto-profile.h"
>>  #include "cilk.h"
>>  #include "builtins.h"
>>
>> @@ -449,6 +450,14 @@ want_early_inline_function_p (struct cgraph_edge *
>>
>>    if (DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (callee->decl))
>>      ;
>> +  /* For AutoFDO, we need to make sure that before profile annotation, all
>> +     hot paths' IR look exactly the same as profiled binary. As a result,
>> +     in einliner, we will disregard size limit and inline those callsites
>> +     that are:
>> +       * inlined in the profiled binary, and
>> +       * the cloned callee has enough samples to be considered "hot".  */
>> +  else if (flag_auto_profile && afdo_callsite_hot_enough_for_early_inline (e))
>> +    ;
>
> I wonder if it won't make more sense to have special autofdo inliner instead of
> sharing the outer loop with early inliner, but we can clean this up incrementally.

Yes, this could be done.

After a second thought, I think we actually need to expose einliner
interface to autofdo (instead of doing vpt in early inliner). This is
because we need to mark icall as "promoted", so that later vpt passes
will not try to promote it again. Currently in AutoFDO, we use a
self-contained way (use a "set" to mark all promoted stmts). If we do
vpt in einline, then we will need some flag attached to gimple to
indicate whether it's already promoted.


>
> I think the patch looks quite good now.  Please do the changes above and send updated verison.
> I think it may be last iteration over it.
>
> Honza

Comments

Jan Hubicka Oct. 19, 2014, 9:58 a.m. UTC | #1
> >> +/* Member functions for string_table.  */
> >> +
> >> +string_table *
> >> +string_table::create ()
> >
> > Why this is not a constructor?
> 
> We use static initializer because it's not suggested to put too much
> logic in constructor.

Why not? :)
> >> +    }
> >
> > The two hunks probably can be unified.
> > Why get_index_by_decl does not already use dwarf name and why do you need to consider both?
> 
> get_index_by_decl is actually a wrapper of get_index. It tolerates
> error when assembler name is not emitted in the debug binary (mostly
> for functions that are fully inlined). In this case, we will first try
> to find the index of the assembler name, if not found, then bfd name.
> If still not found, then we try to find name from its abstract
> location.

Yep, I am just somewhat concerned that you need to try different variations of the name.
I would expect the assembler name (minus the random seed mangling) to be sufficient.
> 
> >
> >> +  if (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl))
> >> +    return get_function_instance_by_decl (lineno, DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl));
> >
> > What really happens for ipa-cp function clones and for split functions?
> 
> Their name suffix will be stripped before matching names.

I see and profile merged, that seems resonable.
> > I am not sure it is a win to have the things represented as VPT histograms when you shoot
> > for quite special purpose problem.  But lets deal with these incrementally, too.
> > (in general I do not see why you try to share so much with the gcov based VTP - it seems
> > easier to do the speculation by hand)
> 
> Basically there are 2 problem:
> 
> * before annotation. I agree this is a special purpose problem
> * after annotation. This should be the same problem as VPT.

Yep, I think adding VPT histograms to get devirtualization happen inter-procedurally
with LTO is a good idea.
You will need (incrementally I guess) to translate your indexes into the profile-id used
or you will need to initialize profile-ids accordingly, so the IPA pass is able to identify
the target cross-module.
> >> +{
> >> +  if (gcov_open (auto_profile_file, 1) == 0)
> >> +    error ("Cannot open profile file %s.", auto_profile_file);
> >> +
> >> +  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_DATA_MAGIC)
> >> +    error ("AutoFDO profile magic number does not mathch.");
> >> +
> >> +  /* Skip the version number.  */
> >> +  gcov_read_unsigned ();
> >> +
> >> +  /* Skip the empty integer.  */
> >> +  gcov_read_unsigned ();
> >
> > Perhaps we can just check the values?
> 
> What do you mean? Check the value against 0?

Yes, if you have version in there it seems to make sense to check it ;)
I guess it is there so you can add extra stuff into the file format that will make
it incompatible with current one, so probably we should reject all versions greater
than 0. (especially because the tool is off-tree)
> >
> > Does this have chance to work inter-module?
> 
> Yes, it works fine with LIPO.

Important (for me) is to make it work with LTO, because LIPO is apparently not landing to 5.0.
> 
> Yes, this could be done.
> 
> After a second thought, I think we actually need to expose einliner
> interface to autofdo (instead of doing vpt in early inliner). This is
> because we need to mark icall as "promoted", so that later vpt passes
> will not try to promote it again. Currently in AutoFDO, we use a
> self-contained way (use a "set" to mark all promoted stmts). If we do
> vpt in einline, then we will need some flag attached to gimple to
> indicate whether it's already promoted.

If we manage to remove the iteration loop that repeativly applies the inline plan, you only
need way to mark edge as promoted.  I guess you can just test the speculative flag on the edge
to skip ones you dealt with earlier.

Lets do that incrementally though.
> +
> +@item -fauto-profile
> +@itemx -fauto-profile=@var{path}
> +@opindex fauto-profile
> +Enable sampling based feedback directed optimizations, and optimizations
> +generally profitable only with profile feedback available.
> +
> +The following options are enabled: @code{-fbranch-probabilities}, @code{-fvpt},
> +@code{-funroll-loops}, @code{-fpeel-loops}, @code{-ftracer}, @code{-ftree-vectorize},
> +@code{ftree-loop-distribute-patterns}

I wonder about loop peeling - we do not enale it by default because we do not believe
our static branch predictor can well identify loops that have low expected trip count
(except ones that can be fully inlined).
I am not sure auto-FDO is much better here - how reliable the info about number of iteratoins
is?

But this is again something that can be handled separately.

Documentation seems out of date though - it seems to enable also
-finline, -fipa-cp and cloning, predictive commoning, unswitching, gcse-after-reload,

You do not want to enable reorder-functions because autoFDO does not include the time profiler.
Also I think speculative devirtualization should not be disabled.
> +
> +If @var{path} is specified, GCC looks at the @var{path} to find
> +the profile feedback data files.
> +
> +In order to collect AutoFDO profile, you need to have:
> +
> +1. A linux system with linux perf support
> +2. An Intel processor with last branch record (LBR) support

Is it really a requirement or will it only make profiles more accurate?
> +
> +To collect the profile, first use linux perf to collect raw profile
> +(see @uref{https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/}).
> +
> +E.g.
> +perf record -e br_inst_retired:near_taken -b -o perf.data -- your_program

You need some @ stuff to mark the example.
> +
> +Then use create_gcov tool, which takes raw profile and unstripped binary to
> +generate AutoFDO profile that can be used by GCC.
> +(see @uref{https://github.com/google/autofdo}).
> +
> +E.g.
> +create_gcov --binary=your_program.unstripped --profile=perf.data --gcov=profile.afdo

Same here.

I see the AutoFDO tool is under apache licence.  I wonder if we can not share it in tree
like we do for some other dependencies (asan) for easier use.

> Index: gcc/opts.c
> ===================================================================
> --- gcc/opts.c	(revision 215826)
> +++ gcc/opts.c	(working copy)
> @@ -1279,6 +1279,57 @@ print_specific_help (unsigned int include_flags,
>  		       opts->x_help_columns, opts, lang_mask);
>  }
>  
> +/* Enable FDO-related flags.  */
> +
> +static void
> +enable_fdo_optimizations (struct gcc_options *opts,
> +			  struct gcc_options *opts_set,
> +			  int value)
> +{
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_branch_probabilities)
> +    opts->x_flag_branch_probabilities = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_values)
> +    opts->x_flag_profile_values = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_unroll_loops)
> +    opts->x_flag_unroll_loops = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_peel_loops)
> +    opts->x_flag_peel_loops = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tracer)
> +    opts->x_flag_tracer = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
> +    opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_inline_functions)
> +    opts->x_flag_inline_functions = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp)
> +    opts->x_flag_ipa_cp = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone
> +      && value && opts->x_flag_ipa_cp)
> +    opts->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_predictive_commoning)
> +    opts->x_flag_predictive_commoning = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_unswitch_loops)
> +    opts->x_flag_unswitch_loops = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_gcse_after_reload)
> +    opts->x_flag_gcse_after_reload = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize
> +      && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
> +    opts->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize
> +      && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
> +    opts->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_vect_cost_model)
> +    opts->x_flag_vect_cost_model = VECT_COST_MODEL_DYNAMIC;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns)
> +    opts->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns = value;
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions)
> +    opts->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions = value;
> +  /* Indirect call profiling should do all useful transformations
> +     speculative devirtualization does.  */
> +  if (!opts_set->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively
> +      && opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
> +    opts->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively = false;
Please move x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively and x_flag_profile_reorder_functions
to -fprofile-use only.
> +}
> +
>  /* Handle target- and language-independent options.  Return zero to
>     generate an "unknown option" message.  Only options that need
>     extra handling need to be listed here; if you simply want
> @@ -1746,50 +1797,23 @@ common_handle_option (struct gcc_options *opts,
>        value = true;
>        /* No break here - do -fprofile-use processing. */
>      case OPT_fprofile_use:
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_branch_probabilities)
> -	opts->x_flag_branch_probabilities = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_values)
> -	opts->x_flag_profile_values = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_unroll_loops)
> -	opts->x_flag_unroll_loops = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_peel_loops)
> -	opts->x_flag_peel_loops = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tracer)
> -	opts->x_flag_tracer = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
> -	opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_inline_functions)
> -	opts->x_flag_inline_functions = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp)
> -	opts->x_flag_ipa_cp = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone
> -	  && value && opts->x_flag_ipa_cp)
> -	opts->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_predictive_commoning)
> -	opts->x_flag_predictive_commoning = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_unswitch_loops)
> -	opts->x_flag_unswitch_loops = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_gcse_after_reload)
> -	opts->x_flag_gcse_after_reload = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize
> -          && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
> -	opts->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize
> -          && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
> -	opts->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_vect_cost_model)
> -	opts->x_flag_vect_cost_model = VECT_COST_MODEL_DYNAMIC;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns)
> -	opts->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns = value;
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions)
> -	opts->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions = value;
> -      /* Indirect call profiling should do all useful transformations
> - 	 speculative devirtualization does.  */
> -      if (!opts_set->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively
> -	  && opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
> -	opts->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively = false;
> +      enable_fdo_optimizations (opts, opts_set, value);
>        break;
>  
> +    case OPT_fauto_profile_:
> +      opts->x_auto_profile_file = xstrdup (arg);
> +      opts->x_flag_auto_profile = true;
> +      value = true;
> +      /* No break here - do -fauto-profile processing. */
> +    case OPT_fauto_profile:
> +      enable_fdo_optimizations (opts, opts_set, value);
> +      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_correction)
> +	opts->x_flag_profile_correction = value;
> +      maybe_set_param_value (
> +	PARAM_EARLY_INLINER_MAX_ITERATIONS, 10,
> +	opts->x_param_values, opts_set->x_param_values);
> +      break;
> +
>      case OPT_fprofile_generate_:
>        opts->x_profile_data_prefix = xstrdup (arg);
>        value = true;

Patch is OK with these changes. Please also update news.html and perhaps even
news on the main page? It is quite nice user visible change.

Honza
diff mbox

Patch

Index: gcc/timevar.def
===================================================================
--- gcc/timevar.def	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/timevar.def	(working copy)
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@  DEFTIMEVAR (TV_WHOPR_PARTITIONING    , "whopr part
 DEFTIMEVAR (TV_WHOPR_LTRANS          , "whopr ltrans")
 DEFTIMEVAR (TV_IPA_REFERENCE         , "ipa reference")
 DEFTIMEVAR (TV_IPA_PROFILE           , "ipa profile")
+DEFTIMEVAR (TV_IPA_AUTOFDO           , "auto profile")
 DEFTIMEVAR (TV_IPA_PURE_CONST        , "ipa pure const")
 DEFTIMEVAR (TV_IPA_PTA               , "ipa points-to")
 DEFTIMEVAR (TV_IPA_SRA               , "ipa SRA")
Index: gcc/passes.def
===================================================================
--- gcc/passes.def	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/passes.def	(working copy)
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@  along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
       NEXT_PASS (pass_rebuild_cgraph_edges);
       NEXT_PASS (pass_inline_parameters);
   POP_INSERT_PASSES ()
+  NEXT_PASS (pass_ipa_auto_profile);
   NEXT_PASS (pass_ipa_free_inline_summary);
   NEXT_PASS (pass_ipa_tree_profile);
   PUSH_INSERT_PASSES_WITHIN (pass_ipa_tree_profile)
Index: gcc/basic-block.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/basic-block.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/basic-block.h	(working copy)
@@ -724,6 +724,7 @@  extern struct edge_list *pre_edge_rev_lcm (int, sb
 extern void compute_available (sbitmap *, sbitmap *, sbitmap *, sbitmap *);
 
 /* In predict.c */
+extern bool maybe_hot_count_p (struct function *, gcov_type);
 extern bool maybe_hot_bb_p (struct function *, const_basic_block);
 extern bool maybe_hot_edge_p (edge);
 extern bool probably_never_executed_bb_p (struct function *, const_basic_block);
Index: gcc/doc/invoke.texi
===================================================================
--- gcc/doc/invoke.texi	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/doc/invoke.texi	(working copy)
@@ -365,7 +365,8 @@  Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects}.
 @gccoptlist{-faggressive-loop-optimizations -falign-functions[=@var{n}] @gol
 -falign-jumps[=@var{n}] @gol
 -falign-labels[=@var{n}] -falign-loops[=@var{n}] @gol
--fassociative-math -fauto-inc-dec -fbranch-probabilities @gol
+-fassociative-math -fauto-profile -fauto-profile[=@var{path}] @gol
+-fauto-inc-dec -fbranch-probabilities @gol
 -fbranch-target-load-optimize -fbranch-target-load-optimize2 @gol
 -fbtr-bb-exclusive -fcaller-saves @gol
 -fcheck-data-deps -fcombine-stack-adjustments -fconserve-stack @gol
@@ -9164,6 +9165,37 @@  code.
 
 If @var{path} is specified, GCC looks at the @var{path} to find
 the profile feedback data files. See @option{-fprofile-dir}.
+
+@item -fauto-profile
+@itemx -fauto-profile=@var{path}
+@opindex fauto-profile
+Enable sampling based feedback directed optimizations, and optimizations
+generally profitable only with profile feedback available.
+
+The following options are enabled: @code{-fbranch-probabilities}, @code{-fvpt},
+@code{-funroll-loops}, @code{-fpeel-loops}, @code{-ftracer}, @code{-ftree-vectorize},
+@code{ftree-loop-distribute-patterns}
+
+If @var{path} is specified, GCC looks at the @var{path} to find
+the profile feedback data files.
+
+In order to collect AutoFDO profile, you need to have:
+
+1. A linux system with linux perf support
+2. An Intel processor with last branch record (LBR) support
+
+To collect the profile, first use linux perf to collect raw profile
+(see @uref{https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/}).
+
+E.g.
+perf record -e br_inst_retired:near_taken -b -o perf.data -- your_program
+
+Then use create_gcov tool, which takes raw profile and unstripped binary to
+generate AutoFDO profile that can be used by GCC.
+(see @uref{https://github.com/google/autofdo}).
+
+E.g.
+create_gcov --binary=your_program.unstripped --profile=perf.data --gcov=profile.afdo
 @end table
 
 The following options control compiler behavior regarding floating-point 
Index: gcc/gcov-io.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/gcov-io.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/gcov-io.h	(working copy)
@@ -244,6 +244,9 @@  typedef uint64_t gcov_type_unsigned;
 #define GCOV_TAG_PROGRAM_SUMMARY ((gcov_unsigned_t)0xa3000000)
 #define GCOV_TAG_SUMMARY_LENGTH(NUM)  \
         (1 + GCOV_COUNTERS_SUMMABLE * (10 + 3 * 2) + (NUM) * 5)
+#define GCOV_TAG_AFDO_FILE_NAMES ((gcov_unsigned_t)0xaa000000)
+#define GCOV_TAG_AFDO_FUNCTION ((gcov_unsigned_t)0xac000000)
+#define GCOV_TAG_AFDO_WORKING_SET ((gcov_unsigned_t)0xaf000000)
 
 
 /* Counters that are collected.  */
Index: gcc/toplev.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/toplev.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/toplev.c	(working copy)
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@  along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "diagnostic-color.h"
 #include "context.h"
 #include "pass_manager.h"
+#include "auto-profile.h"
 #include "optabs.h"
 
 #if defined(DBX_DEBUGGING_INFO) || defined(XCOFF_DEBUGGING_INFO)
@@ -663,6 +664,10 @@  compile_file (void)
       targetm.asm_out.output_ident (ident_str);
     }
 
+  /* Auto profile finalization. */
+  if (flag_auto_profile)
+    end_auto_profile ();
+
   /* Invoke registered plugin callbacks.  */
   invoke_plugin_callbacks (PLUGIN_FINISH_UNIT, NULL);
 
Index: gcc/predict.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/predict.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/predict.c	(working copy)
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@  set_hot_bb_threshold (gcov_type min)
 
 /* Return TRUE if frequency FREQ is considered to be hot.  */
 
-static inline bool
+bool
 maybe_hot_count_p (struct function *fun, gcov_type count)
 {
   if (fun && profile_status_for_fn (fun) != PROFILE_READ)
@@ -2852,7 +2852,7 @@  counts_to_freqs (void)
   /* Don't overwrite the estimated frequencies when the profile for
      the function is missing.  We may drop this function PROFILE_GUESSED
      later in drop_profile ().  */
-  if (!ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count)
+  if (!flag_auto_profile && !ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count)
     return 0;
 
   FOR_BB_BETWEEN (bb, ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun), NULL, next_bb)
@@ -3223,7 +3223,8 @@  rebuild_frequencies (void)
     count_max = MAX (bb->count, count_max);
 
   if (profile_status_for_fn (cfun) == PROFILE_GUESSED
-      || (profile_status_for_fn (cfun) == PROFILE_READ && count_max < REG_BR_PROB_BASE/10))
+      || (!flag_auto_profile && profile_status_for_fn (cfun) == PROFILE_READ
+	  && count_max < REG_BR_PROB_BASE/10))
     {
       loop_optimizer_init (0);
       add_noreturn_fake_exit_edges ();
Index: gcc/coverage.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/coverage.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/coverage.c	(working copy)
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@  along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "filenames.h"
 #include "target.h"
 #include "params.h"
+#include "auto-profile.h"
 
 #include "gcov-io.h"
 #include "gcov-io.c"
@@ -1208,7 +1209,9 @@  coverage_init (const char *filename)
 
   bbg_file_stamp = local_tick;
   
-  if (flag_branch_probabilities)
+  if (flag_auto_profile)
+    read_autofdo_file ();
+  else if (flag_branch_probabilities)
     read_counts_file ();
 
   /* Name of bbg file.  */
Index: gcc/Makefile.in
===================================================================
--- gcc/Makefile.in	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/Makefile.in	(working copy)
@@ -1153,6 +1153,7 @@  OBJS = \
 	alias.o \
 	alloc-pool.o \
 	auto-inc-dec.o \
+	auto-profile.o \
 	bb-reorder.o \
 	bitmap.o \
 	bt-load.o \
Index: gcc/common.opt
===================================================================
--- gcc/common.opt	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/common.opt	(working copy)
@@ -895,6 +895,16 @@  fauto-inc-dec
 Common Report Var(flag_auto_inc_dec) Init(1)
 Generate auto-inc/dec instructions
 
+fauto-profile
+Common Report Var(flag_auto_profile) Optimization
+Use sample profile information for call graph node weights. The default
+profile file is fbdata.afdo in 'pwd'.
+
+fauto-profile=
+Common Joined RejectNegative Var(auto_profile_file)
+Use sample profile information for call graph node weights. The profile
+file is specified in the argument.
+
 ; -fcheck-bounds causes gcc to generate array bounds checks.
 ; For C, C++ and ObjC: defaults off.
 ; For Java: defaults to on.
Index: gcc/tree-ssa-live.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-ssa-live.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/tree-ssa-live.c	(working copy)
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@  remove_unused_scope_block_p (tree scope)
      ;
    /* When not generating debug info we can eliminate info on unused
       variables.  */
-   else if (debug_info_level == DINFO_LEVEL_NONE)
+   else if (!flag_auto_profile && debug_info_level == DINFO_LEVEL_NONE)
      {
        /* Even for -g0 don't prune outer scopes from artificial
 	  functions, otherwise diagnostics using tree_nonartificial_location
Index: gcc/profile.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/profile.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/profile.c	(working copy)
@@ -106,6 +106,14 @@  static int total_num_times_called;
 static int total_hist_br_prob[20];
 static int total_num_branches;
 
+/* Helper function to update gcov_working_sets.  */
+
+void add_working_set (gcov_working_set_t *set) {
+  int i = 0;
+  for (; i < NUM_GCOV_WORKING_SETS; i++)
+    gcov_working_sets[i] = set[i];
+}
+
 /* Forward declarations.  */
 static void find_spanning_tree (struct edge_list *);
 
Index: gcc/profile.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/profile.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/profile.h	(working copy)
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@  extern void init_node_map (bool);
 extern void del_node_map (void);
 
 extern void get_working_sets (void);
+extern void add_working_set (gcov_working_set_t *);
 
 /* In predict.c.  */
 extern gcov_type get_hot_bb_threshold (void);
Index: gcc/value-prof.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/value-prof.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/value-prof.c	(working copy)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@  static bool gimple_ic_transform (gimple_stmt_itera
 
 /* Allocate histogram value.  */
 
-static histogram_value
+histogram_value
 gimple_alloc_histogram_value (struct function *fun ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
 			      enum hist_type type, gimple stmt, tree value)
 {
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@  find_func_by_profile_id (int profile_id)
    may ICE. Here we only do very minimal sanity check just to make compiler happy.
    Returns true if TARGET is considered ok for call CALL_STMT.  */
 
-static bool
+bool
 check_ic_target (gimple call_stmt, struct cgraph_node *target)
 {
    location_t locus;
Index: gcc/value-prof.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/value-prof.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/value-prof.h	(working copy)
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@  typedef vec<histogram_value> histogram_values;
 extern void gimple_find_values_to_profile (histogram_values *);
 extern bool gimple_value_profile_transformations (void);
 
+histogram_value gimple_alloc_histogram_value (struct function *, enum hist_type,
+					      gimple stmt, tree);
 histogram_value gimple_histogram_value (struct function *, gimple);
 histogram_value gimple_histogram_value_of_type (struct function *, gimple,
 						enum hist_type);
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@  void verify_histograms (void);
 void free_histograms (void);
 void stringop_block_profile (gimple, unsigned int *, HOST_WIDE_INT *);
 gimple gimple_ic (gimple, struct cgraph_node *, int, gcov_type, gcov_type);
+bool check_ic_target (gimple, struct cgraph_node *);
 
 
 /* In tree-profile.c.  */
Index: gcc/auto-profile.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/auto-profile.c	(revision 0)
+++ gcc/auto-profile.c	(revision 0)
@@ -0,0 +1,1692 @@ 
+/* Read and annotate call graph profile from the auto profile data file.
+   Copyright (C) 2014. Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by Dehao Chen (dehao@google.com)
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-pass.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "basic-block.h"
+#include "diagnostic-core.h"
+#include "gcov-io.h"
+#include "input.h"
+#include "profile.h"
+#include "langhooks.h"
+#include "opts.h"
+#include "tree-pass.h"
+#include "cfgloop.h"
+#include "tree-ssa-alias.h"
+#include "tree-cfg.h"
+#include "tree-cfgcleanup.h"
+#include "tree-ssa-operands.h"
+#include "tree-into-ssa.h"
+#include "internal-fn.h"
+#include "is-a.h"
+#include "gimple-expr.h"
+#include "gimple.h"
+#include "gimple-iterator.h"
+#include "gimple-ssa.h"
+#include "cgraph.h"
+#include "value-prof.h"
+#include "coverage.h"
+#include "params.h"
+#include "ipa-inline.h"
+#include "tree-inline.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "auto-profile.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+/* The following routines implements AutoFDO optimization.
+
+   This optimization uses sampling profiles to annotate basic block counts
+   and uses heuristics to estimate branch probabilities.
+
+   There are three phases in AutoFDO:
+
+   Phase 1: Read profile from the profile data file.
+     The following info is read from the profile datafile:
+        * string_table: a map between function name and its index.
+        * autofdo_source_profile: a map from function_instance name to
+          function_instance. This is represented as a forest of
+          function_instances.
+        * WorkingSet: a histogram of how many instructions are covered for a
+          given percentage of total cycles. This is describing the binary
+          level information (not source level). This info is used to help
+          decide if we want aggressive optimizations that could increase
+          code footprint (e.g. loop unroll etc.)
+     A function instance is an instance of function that could either be a
+     standalone symbol, or a clone of a function that is inlined into another
+     function.
+
+   Phase 2: Early inline + valur profile transformation.
+     Early inline uses autofdo_source_profile to find if a callsite is:
+        * inlined in the profiled binary.
+        * callee body is hot in the profiling run.
+     If both condition satisfies, early inline will inline the callsite
+     regardless of the code growth.
+     Phase 2 is an iterative process. During each iteration, we also check
+     if an indirect callsite is promoted and inlined in the profiling run.
+     If yes, vpt will happen to force promote it and in the next iteration,
+     einline will inline the promoted callsite in the next iteration.
+
+   Phase 3: Annotate control flow graph.
+     AutoFDO uses a separate pass to:
+        * Annotate basic block count
+        * Estimate branch probability
+
+   After the above 3 phases, all profile is readily annotated on the GCC IR.
+   AutoFDO tries to reuse all FDO infrastructure as much as possible to make
+   use of the profile. E.g. it uses existing mechanism to calculate the basic
+   block/edge frequency, as well as the cgraph node/edge count.
+*/
+
+#define DEFAULT_AUTO_PROFILE_FILE "fbdata.afdo"
+
+namespace autofdo
+{
+
+/* Represent a source location: (function_decl, lineno).  */
+typedef std::pair<tree, unsigned> decl_lineno;
+
+/* Represent an inline stack. vector[0] is the leaf node.  */
+typedef vec<decl_lineno> inline_stack;
+
+/* String array that stores function names.  */
+typedef vec<char *> string_vector;
+
+/* Map from function name's index in string_table to target's
+   execution count.  */
+typedef std::map<unsigned, gcov_type> icall_target_map;
+
+/* Set of gimple stmts. Used to track if the stmt has already been promoted
+   to direct call.  */
+typedef std::set<gimple> stmt_set;
+
+/* Represent count info of an inline stack.  */
+struct count_info
+{
+  /* Sampled count of the inline stack.  */
+  gcov_type count;
+
+  /* Map from indirect call target to its sample count.  */
+  icall_target_map targets;
+
+  /* Whether this inline stack is already used in annotation.
+
+     Each inline stack should only be used to annotate IR once.
+     This will be enforced when instruction-level discriminator
+     is supported.  */
+  bool annotated;
+};
+
+/* operator< for "const char *".  */
+struct string_compare
+{
+  bool operator()(const char *a, const char *b) const
+  {
+    return strcmp (a, b) < 0;
+  }
+};
+
+/* Store a string array, indexed by string position in the array.  */
+class string_table
+{
+public:
+  static string_table *create ();
+
+  ~string_table ();
+
+  /* For a given string, returns its index.  */
+  int get_index (const char *name) const;
+
+  /* For a given decl, returns the index of the decl name.  */
+  int get_index_by_decl (tree decl) const;
+
+  /* For a given index, returns the string.  */
+  const char *get_name (int index) const;
+
+private:
+  string_table () {}
+  bool read ();
+
+  typedef std::map<const char *, unsigned, string_compare> string_index_map;
+  string_vector vector_;
+  string_index_map map_;
+};
+
+/* Profile of a function instance:
+     1. total_count of the function.
+     2. head_count (entry basic block count) of the function (only valid when
+        function is a top-level function_instance, i.e. it is the original copy
+        instead of the inlined copy).
+     3. map from source location (decl_lineno) to profile (count_info).
+     4. map from callsite to callee function_instance.  */
+class function_instance
+{
+public:
+  typedef vec<function_instance *> function_instance_stack;
+
+  /* Read the profile and return a function_instance with head count as
+     HEAD_COUNT. Recursively read callsites to create nested function_instances
+     too. STACK is used to track the recursive creation process.  */
+  static function_instance *
+  read_function_instance (function_instance_stack *stack,
+                          gcov_type head_count);
+
+  /* Recursively deallocate all callsites (nested function_instances).  */
+  ~function_instance ();
+
+  /* Accessors.  */
+  int
+  name () const
+  {
+    return name_;
+  }
+  gcov_type
+  total_count () const
+  {
+    return total_count_;
+  }
+  gcov_type
+  head_count () const
+  {
+    return head_count_;
+  }
+
+  /* Traverse callsites of the current function_instance to find one at the
+     location of LINENO and callee name represented in DECL.  */
+  function_instance *get_function_instance_by_decl (unsigned lineno,
+                                                    tree decl) const;
+
+  /* Store the profile info for LOC in INFO. Return TRUE if profile info
+     is found.  */
+  bool get_count_info (location_t loc, count_info *info) const;
+
+  /* Read the inlined indirect call target profile for STMT and store it in
+     MAP, return the total count for all inlined indirect calls.  */
+  gcov_type find_icall_target_map (gimple stmt, icall_target_map *map) const;
+
+  /* Sum of counts that is used during annotation.  */
+  gcov_type total_annotated_count () const;
+
+  /* Mark LOC as annotated.  */
+  void mark_annotated (location_t loc);
+
+private:
+  /* Callsite, represented as (decl_lineno, callee_function_name_index).  */
+  typedef std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> callsite;
+
+  /* Map from callsite to callee function_instance.  */
+  typedef std::map<callsite, function_instance *> callsite_map;
+
+  function_instance (unsigned name, gcov_type head_count)
+      : name_ (name), total_count_ (0), head_count_ (head_count)
+  {
+  }
+
+  /* Map from source location (decl_lineno) to profile (count_info).  */
+  typedef std::map<unsigned, count_info> position_count_map;
+
+  /* function_instance name index in the string_table.  */
+  unsigned name_;
+
+  /* Total sample count.  */
+  gcov_type total_count_;
+
+  /* Entry BB's sample count.  */
+  gcov_type head_count_;
+
+  /* Map from callsite location to callee function_instance.  */
+  callsite_map callsites;
+
+  /* Map from source location to count_info.  */
+  position_count_map pos_counts;
+};
+
+/* Profile for all functions.  */
+class autofdo_source_profile
+{
+public:
+  static autofdo_source_profile *
+  create ()
+  {
+    autofdo_source_profile *map = new autofdo_source_profile ();
+
+    if (map->read ())
+      return map;
+    delete map;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ~autofdo_source_profile ();
+
+  /* For a given DECL, returns the top-level function_instance.  */
+  function_instance *get_function_instance_by_decl (tree decl) const;
+
+  /* Find count_info for a given gimple STMT. If found, store the count_info
+     in INFO and return true; otherwise return false.  */
+  bool get_count_info (gimple stmt, count_info *info) const;
+
+  /* Find total count of the callee of EDGE.  */
+  gcov_type get_callsite_total_count (struct cgraph_edge *edge) const;
+
+  /* Update value profile INFO for STMT from the inlined indirect callsite.
+     Return true if INFO is updated.  */
+  bool update_inlined_ind_target (gimple stmt, count_info *info);
+
+  /* Mark LOC as annotated.  */
+  void mark_annotated (location_t loc);
+
+private:
+  /* Map from function_instance name index (in string_table) to
+     function_instance.  */
+  typedef std::map<unsigned, function_instance *> name_function_instance_map;
+
+  autofdo_source_profile () {}
+
+  /* Read AutoFDO profile and returns TRUE on success.  */
+  bool read ();
+
+  /* Return the function_instance in the profile that correspond to the
+     inline STACK.  */
+  function_instance *
+  get_function_instance_by_inline_stack (const inline_stack &stack) const;
+
+  name_function_instance_map map_;
+};
+
+/* Store the strings read from the profile data file.  */
+static string_table *afdo_string_table;
+
+/* Store the AutoFDO source profile.  */
+static autofdo_source_profile *afdo_source_profile;
+
+/* gcov_ctr_summary structure to store the profile_info.  */
+static struct gcov_ctr_summary *afdo_profile_info;
+
+/* Helper functions.  */
+
+/* Return the original name of NAME: strip the suffix that starts
+   with '.' Caller is responsible for freeing RET.  */
+
+static char *
+get_original_name (const char *name)
+{
+  char *ret = xstrdup (name);
+  char *find = strchr (ret, '.');
+  if (find != NULL)
+    *find = 0;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return the combined location, which is a 32bit integer in which
+   higher 16 bits stores the line offset of LOC to the start lineno
+   of DECL, The lower 16 bits stores the discrimnator.  */
+
+static unsigned
+get_combined_location (location_t loc, tree decl)
+{
+  /* TODO: allow more bits for line and less bits for discriminator.  */
+  if (LOCATION_LINE (loc) - DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl) >= (1<<16))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Woverflow, "Offset exceeds 16 bytes.");
+  return ((LOCATION_LINE (loc) - DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl)) << 16);
+}
+
+/* Return the function decl of a given lexical BLOCK.  */
+
+static tree
+get_function_decl_from_block (tree block)
+{
+  tree decl;
+
+  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (BLOCK_SOURCE_LOCATION (block) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION))
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  for (decl = BLOCK_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (block);
+       decl && (TREE_CODE (decl) == BLOCK);
+       decl = BLOCK_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl))
+    if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+      break;
+  return decl;
+}
+
+/* Store inline stack for STMT in STACK.  */
+
+static void
+get_inline_stack (location_t locus, inline_stack *stack)
+{
+  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (locus) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+    return;
+
+  tree block = LOCATION_BLOCK (locus);
+  if (block && TREE_CODE (block) == BLOCK)
+    {
+      int level = 0;
+      for (block = BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block);
+           block && (TREE_CODE (block) == BLOCK);
+           block = BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block))
+        {
+          location_t tmp_locus = BLOCK_SOURCE_LOCATION (block);
+          if (LOCATION_LOCUS (tmp_locus) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+            continue;
+
+          tree decl = get_function_decl_from_block (block);
+          stack->safe_push (
+              std::make_pair (decl, get_combined_location (locus, decl)));
+          locus = tmp_locus;
+          level++;
+        }
+    }
+  stack->safe_push (
+      std::make_pair (current_function_decl,
+                      get_combined_location (locus, current_function_decl)));
+}
+
+/* Return STMT's combined location, which is a 32bit integer in which
+   higher 16 bits stores the line offset of LOC to the start lineno
+   of DECL, The lower 16 bits stores the discrimnator.  */
+
+static unsigned
+get_relative_location_for_stmt (gimple stmt)
+{
+  location_t locus = gimple_location (stmt);
+  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (locus) == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+    return UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
+
+  for (tree block = gimple_block (stmt); block && (TREE_CODE (block) == BLOCK);
+       block = BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block))
+    if (LOCATION_LOCUS (BLOCK_SOURCE_LOCATION (block)) != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+      return get_combined_location (locus,
+                                    get_function_decl_from_block (block));
+  return get_combined_location (locus, current_function_decl);
+}
+
+/* Return true if BB contains indirect call.  */
+
+static bool
+has_indirect_call (basic_block bb)
+{
+  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+
+  for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+    {
+      gimple stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+      if (gimple_code (stmt) == GIMPLE_CALL && !gimple_call_internal_p (stmt)
+          && (gimple_call_fn (stmt) == NULL
+              || TREE_CODE (gimple_call_fn (stmt)) != FUNCTION_DECL))
+        return true;
+    }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Member functions for string_table.  */
+
+string_table *
+string_table::create ()
+{
+  string_table *map = new string_table ();
+  if (map->read ())
+    return map;
+  delete map;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Deconstructor.  */
+
+string_table::~string_table ()
+{
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < vector_.length (); i++)
+    free (vector_[i]);
+}
+
+
+/* Return the index of a given function NAME. Return -1 if NAME is not
+   found in string table.  */
+
+int
+string_table::get_index (const char *name) const
+{
+  if (name == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  string_index_map::const_iterator iter = map_.find (name);
+  if (iter == map_.end ())
+    return -1;
+  else
+    return iter->second;
+}
+
+/* Return the index of a given function DECL. Return -1 if DECL is not 
+   found in string table.  */
+
+int
+string_table::get_index_by_decl (tree decl) const
+{
+  char *name
+      = get_original_name (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl)));
+  int ret = get_index (name);
+  free (name);
+  if (ret != -1)
+    return ret;
+  ret = get_index (lang_hooks.dwarf_name (decl, 0));
+  if (ret != -1)
+    return ret;
+  if (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl))
+    return get_index_by_decl (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl));
+  else
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Return the function name of a given INDEX.  */
+
+const char *
+string_table::get_name (int index) const
+{
+  gcc_assert (index > 0 && index < (int)vector_.length ());
+  return vector_[index];
+}
+
+/* Read the string table. Return TRUE if reading is successful.  */
+
+bool
+string_table::read ()
+{
+  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_TAG_AFDO_FILE_NAMES)
+    return false;
+  /* Skip the length of the section.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  /* Read in the file name table.  */
+  unsigned string_num = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < string_num; i++)
+    {
+      vector_.safe_push (get_original_name (gcov_read_string ()));
+      map_[vector_.last ()] = i;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Member functions for function_instance.  */
+
+function_instance::~function_instance ()
+{
+  for (callsite_map::iterator iter = callsites.begin ();
+       iter != callsites.end (); ++iter)
+    delete iter->second;
+}
+
+/* Traverse callsites of the current function_instance to find one at the
+   location of LINENO and callee name represented in DECL.  */
+
+function_instance *
+function_instance::get_function_instance_by_decl (unsigned lineno,
+                                                  tree decl) const
+{
+  int func_name_idx = afdo_string_table->get_index_by_decl (decl);
+  if (func_name_idx != -1)
+    {
+      callsite_map::const_iterator ret
+          = callsites.find (std::make_pair (lineno, func_name_idx));
+      if (ret != callsites.end ())
+        return ret->second;
+    }
+  func_name_idx
+      = afdo_string_table->get_index (lang_hooks.dwarf_name (decl, 0));
+  if (func_name_idx != -1)
+    {
+      callsite_map::const_iterator ret
+          = callsites.find (std::make_pair (lineno, func_name_idx));
+      if (ret != callsites.end ())
+        return ret->second;
+    }
+  if (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl))
+    return get_function_instance_by_decl (lineno, DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (decl));
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Store the profile info for LOC in INFO. Return TRUE if profile info
+   is found.  */
+
+bool
+function_instance::get_count_info (location_t loc, count_info *info) const
+{
+  position_count_map::const_iterator iter = pos_counts.find (loc);
+  if (iter == pos_counts.end ())
+    return false;
+  *info = iter->second;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Mark LOC as annotated.  */
+
+void
+function_instance::mark_annotated (location_t loc)
+{
+  position_count_map::iterator iter = pos_counts.find (loc);
+  if (iter == pos_counts.end ())
+    return;
+  iter->second.annotated = true;
+}
+
+/* Read the inlinied indirect call target profile for STMT and store it in
+   MAP, return the total count for all inlined indirect calls.  */
+
+gcov_type
+function_instance::find_icall_target_map (gimple stmt,
+                                          icall_target_map *map) const
+{
+  gcov_type ret = 0;
+  unsigned stmt_offset = get_relative_location_for_stmt (stmt);
+
+  for (callsite_map::const_iterator iter = callsites.begin ();
+       iter != callsites.end (); ++iter)
+    {
+      unsigned callee = iter->second->name ();
+      /* Check if callsite location match the stmt.  */
+      if (iter->first.first != stmt_offset)
+        continue;
+      struct cgraph_node *node = cgraph_node::get_for_asmname (
+          get_identifier (afdo_string_table->get_name (callee)));
+      if (node == NULL)
+        continue;
+      if (!check_ic_target (stmt, node))
+        continue;
+      (*map)[callee] = iter->second->total_count ();
+      ret += iter->second->total_count ();
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Read the profile and create a function_instance with head count as
+   HEAD_COUNT. Recursively read callsites to create nested function_instances
+   too. STACK is used to track the recursive creation process.  */
+
+/* function instance profile format:
+
+   ENTRY_COUNT: 8 bytes
+   NAME_INDEX: 4 bytes
+   NUM_POS_COUNTS: 4 bytes
+   NUM_CALLSITES: 4 byte
+   POS_COUNT_1:
+     POS_1_OFFSET: 4 bytes
+     NUM_TARGETS: 4 bytes
+     COUNT: 8 bytes
+     TARGET_1:
+       VALUE_PROFILE_TYPE: 4 bytes
+       TARGET_IDX: 8 bytes
+       COUNT: 8 bytes
+     TARGET_2
+     ...
+     TARGET_n
+   POS_COUNT_2
+   ...
+   POS_COUNT_N
+   CALLSITE_1:
+     CALLSITE_1_OFFSET: 4 bytes
+     FUNCTION_INSTANCE_PROFILE (nested)
+   CALLSITE_2
+   ...
+   CALLSITE_n.  */
+
+function_instance *
+function_instance::read_function_instance (function_instance_stack *stack,
+                                           gcov_type head_count)
+{
+  unsigned name = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  unsigned num_pos_counts = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  unsigned num_callsites = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  function_instance *s = new function_instance (name, head_count);
+  stack->safe_push (s);
+
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_pos_counts; i++)
+    {
+      unsigned offset = gcov_read_unsigned () & 0xffff0000;
+      unsigned num_targets = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+      gcov_type count = gcov_read_counter ();
+      s->pos_counts[offset].count = count;
+      for (unsigned j = 0; j < stack->length (); j++)
+        (*stack)[j]->total_count_ += count;
+      for (unsigned j = 0; j < num_targets; j++)
+        {
+          /* Only indirect call target histogram is supported now.  */
+          gcov_read_unsigned ();
+          gcov_type target_idx = gcov_read_counter ();
+          s->pos_counts[offset].targets[target_idx] = gcov_read_counter ();
+        }
+    }
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_callsites; i++)
+    {
+      unsigned offset = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+      function_instance *callee_function_instance
+          = read_function_instance (stack, 0);
+      s->callsites[std::make_pair (offset, callee_function_instance->name ())]
+          = callee_function_instance;
+    }
+  stack->pop ();
+  return s;
+}
+
+/* Sum of counts that is used during annotation.  */
+
+gcov_type
+function_instance::total_annotated_count () const
+{
+  gcov_type ret = 0;
+  for (callsite_map::const_iterator iter = callsites.begin ();
+       iter != callsites.end (); ++iter)
+    ret += iter->second->total_annotated_count ();
+  for (position_count_map::const_iterator iter = pos_counts.begin ();
+       iter != pos_counts.end (); ++iter)
+    if (iter->second.annotated)
+      ret += iter->second.count;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Member functions for autofdo_source_profile.  */
+
+autofdo_source_profile::~autofdo_source_profile ()
+{
+  for (name_function_instance_map::const_iterator iter = map_.begin ();
+       iter != map_.end (); ++iter)
+    delete iter->second;
+}
+
+/* For a given DECL, returns the top-level function_instance.  */
+
+function_instance *
+autofdo_source_profile::get_function_instance_by_decl (tree decl) const
+{
+  int index = afdo_string_table->get_index_by_decl (decl);
+  if (index == -1)
+    return NULL;
+  name_function_instance_map::const_iterator ret = map_.find (index);
+  return ret == map_.end () ? NULL : ret->second;
+}
+
+/* Find count_info for a given gimple STMT. If found, store the count_info
+   in INFO and return true; otherwise return false.  */
+
+bool
+autofdo_source_profile::get_count_info (gimple stmt, count_info *info) const
+{
+  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (gimple_location (stmt)) == cfun->function_end_locus)
+    return false;
+
+  inline_stack stack;
+  get_inline_stack (gimple_location (stmt), &stack);
+  if (stack.length () == 0)
+    return false;
+  function_instance *s = get_function_instance_by_inline_stack (stack);
+  if (s == NULL)
+    return false;
+  return s->get_count_info (stack[0].second, info);
+}
+
+/* Mark LOC as annotated.  */
+
+void
+autofdo_source_profile::mark_annotated (location_t loc)
+{
+  inline_stack stack;
+  get_inline_stack (loc, &stack);
+  if (stack.length () == 0)
+    return;
+  function_instance *s = get_function_instance_by_inline_stack (stack);
+  if (s == NULL)
+    return;
+  s->mark_annotated (stack[0].second);
+}
+
+/* Update value profile INFO for STMT from the inlined indirect callsite.
+   Return true if INFO is updated.  */
+
+bool
+autofdo_source_profile::update_inlined_ind_target (gimple stmt,
+                                                   count_info *info)
+{
+  if (LOCATION_LOCUS (gimple_location (stmt)) == cfun->function_end_locus)
+    return false;
+
+  count_info old_info;
+  get_count_info (stmt, &old_info);
+  gcov_type total = 0;
+  for (icall_target_map::const_iterator iter = old_info.targets.begin ();
+       iter != old_info.targets.end (); ++iter)
+    total += iter->second;
+
+  /* Program behavior changed, original promoted (and inlined) target is not
+     hot any more. Will avoid promote the original target.
+
+     To check if original promoted target is still hot, we check the total
+     count of the unpromoted targets (stored in old_info). If it is no less
+     than half of the callsite count (stored in INFO), the original promoted
+     target is considered not hot any more.  */
+  if (total >= info->count / 2)
+    return false;
+
+  inline_stack stack;
+  get_inline_stack (gimple_location (stmt), &stack);
+  if (stack.length () == 0)
+    return false;
+  function_instance *s = get_function_instance_by_inline_stack (stack);
+  if (s == NULL)
+    return false;
+  icall_target_map map;
+  if (s->find_icall_target_map (stmt, &map) == 0)
+    return false;
+  for (icall_target_map::const_iterator iter = map.begin ();
+       iter != map.end (); ++iter)
+    info->targets[iter->first] = iter->second;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Find total count of the callee of EDGE.  */
+
+gcov_type
+autofdo_source_profile::get_callsite_total_count (
+    struct cgraph_edge *edge) const
+{
+  inline_stack stack;
+  stack.safe_push (std::make_pair (edge->callee->decl, 0));
+  get_inline_stack (gimple_location (edge->call_stmt), &stack);
+
+  function_instance *s = get_function_instance_by_inline_stack (stack);
+  if (s == NULL
+      || afdo_string_table->get_index (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (
+             DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (edge->callee->decl))) != s->name ())
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return s->total_count ();
+}
+
+/* Read AutoFDO profile and returns TRUE on success.  */
+
+/* source profile format:
+
+   GCOV_TAG_AFDO_FUNCTION: 4 bytes
+   LENGTH: 4 bytes
+   NUM_FUNCTIONS: 4 bytes
+   FUNCTION_INSTANCE_1
+   FUNCTION_INSTANCE_2
+   ...
+   FUNCTION_INSTANCE_N.  */
+
+bool
+autofdo_source_profile::read ()
+{
+  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_TAG_AFDO_FUNCTION)
+    {
+      inform (0, "Not expected TAG.");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  /* Skip the length of the section.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+
+  /* Read in the function/callsite profile, and store it in local
+     data structure.  */
+  unsigned function_num = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < function_num; i++)
+    {
+      function_instance::function_instance_stack stack;
+      function_instance *s = function_instance::read_function_instance (
+          &stack, gcov_read_counter ());
+      afdo_profile_info->sum_all += s->total_count ();
+      map_[s->name ()] = s;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return the function_instance in the profile that correspond to the
+   inline STACK.  */
+
+function_instance *
+autofdo_source_profile::get_function_instance_by_inline_stack (
+    const inline_stack &stack) const
+{
+  name_function_instance_map::const_iterator iter = map_.find (
+      afdo_string_table->get_index_by_decl (stack[stack.length () - 1].first));
+  if (iter == map_.end())
+    return NULL;
+  function_instance *s = iter->second;
+  for (unsigned i = stack.length() - 1; i > 0; i--)
+    {
+      s = s->get_function_instance_by_decl (
+          stack[i].second, stack[i - 1].first);
+      if (s == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    }
+  return s;
+}
+
+/* Module profile is only used by LIPO. Here we simply ignore it.  */
+
+static void
+fake_read_autofdo_module_profile ()
+{
+  /* Read in the module info.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+
+  /* Skip the length of the section.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+
+  /* Read in the file name table.  */
+  unsigned total_module_num = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  gcc_assert (total_module_num == 0);
+}
+
+/* Read data from profile data file.  */
+
+static void
+read_profile (void)
+{
+  if (gcov_open (auto_profile_file, 1) == 0)
+    error ("Cannot open profile file %s.", auto_profile_file);
+
+  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_DATA_MAGIC)
+    error ("AutoFDO profile magic number does not mathch.");
+
+  /* Skip the version number.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+
+  /* Skip the empty integer.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+
+  /* string_table.  */
+  afdo_string_table = string_table::create ();
+  if (afdo_string_table == NULL)
+    error ("Cannot read string table from %s.", auto_profile_file);
+
+  /* autofdo_source_profile.  */
+  afdo_source_profile = autofdo_source_profile::create ();
+  if (afdo_source_profile == NULL)
+    error ("Cannot read function profile from %s.", auto_profile_file);
+
+  /* autofdo_module_profile.  */
+  fake_read_autofdo_module_profile ();
+
+  /* Read in the working set.  */
+  if (gcov_read_unsigned () != GCOV_TAG_AFDO_WORKING_SET)
+    error ("Cannot read working set from %s.", auto_profile_file);
+
+  /* Skip the length of the section.  */
+  gcov_read_unsigned ();
+  gcov_working_set_t set[128];
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < 128; i++)
+    {
+      set[i].num_counters = gcov_read_unsigned ();
+      set[i].min_counter = gcov_read_counter ();
+    }
+  add_working_set (set);
+}
+
+/* From AutoFDO profiles, find values inside STMT for that we want to measure
+   histograms for indirect-call optimization.
+
+   This function is actually served for 2 purposes:
+     * before annotation, we need to mark histogram, promote and inline
+     * after annotation, we just need to mark, and let follow-up logic to
+       decide if it needs to promote and inline.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_indirect_call (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, const icall_target_map &map,
+                    bool transform)
+{
+  gimple stmt = gsi_stmt (*gsi);
+  tree callee;
+
+  if (map.size () == 0 || gimple_code (stmt) != GIMPLE_CALL
+      || gimple_call_fndecl (stmt) != NULL_TREE)
+    return;
+
+  callee = gimple_call_fn (stmt);
+
+  histogram_value hist = gimple_alloc_histogram_value (
+      cfun, HIST_TYPE_INDIR_CALL, stmt, callee);
+  hist->n_counters = 3;
+  hist->hvalue.counters = XNEWVEC (gcov_type, hist->n_counters);
+  gimple_add_histogram_value (cfun, stmt, hist);
+
+  gcov_type total = 0;
+  icall_target_map::const_iterator max_iter = map.end ();
+
+  for (icall_target_map::const_iterator iter = map.begin ();
+       iter != map.end (); ++iter)
+    {
+      total += iter->second;
+      if (max_iter == map.end () || max_iter->second < iter->second)
+        max_iter = iter;
+    }
+
+  hist->hvalue.counters[0]
+      = (unsigned long long)afdo_string_table->get_name (max_iter->first);
+  hist->hvalue.counters[1] = max_iter->second;
+  hist->hvalue.counters[2] = total;
+
+  if (!transform)
+    return;
+
+  struct cgraph_edge *indirect_edge
+      = cgraph_node::get (current_function_decl)->get_edge (stmt);
+  struct cgraph_node *direct_call = cgraph_node::get_for_asmname (
+      get_identifier ((const char *) hist->hvalue.counters[0]));
+
+  if (direct_call == NULL || !check_ic_target (stmt, direct_call))
+    return;
+  if (DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (direct_call->decl) == NULL)
+    return;
+  struct cgraph_edge *new_edge
+      = indirect_edge->make_speculative (direct_call, 0, 0);
+  new_edge->redirect_call_stmt_to_callee ();
+  gimple_remove_histogram_value (cfun, stmt, hist);
+  inline_call (new_edge, true, NULL, NULL, false);
+}
+
+/* From AutoFDO profiles, find values inside STMT for that we want to measure
+   histograms and adds them to list VALUES.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_vpt (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, const icall_target_map &map,
+          bool transform)
+{
+  afdo_indirect_call (gsi, map, transform);
+}
+
+typedef std::set<basic_block> bb_set;
+typedef std::set<edge> edge_set;
+
+static bool
+is_bb_annotated (const basic_block bb, const bb_set &annotated)
+{
+  return annotated.find (bb) != annotated.end ();
+}
+
+static void
+set_bb_annotated (basic_block bb, bb_set *annotated)
+{
+  annotated->insert (bb);
+}
+
+static bool
+is_edge_annotated (const edge e, const edge_set &annotated)
+{
+  return annotated.find (e) != annotated.end ();
+}
+
+static void
+set_edge_annotated (edge e, edge_set *annotated)
+{
+  annotated->insert (e);
+}
+
+/* For a given BB, set its execution count. Attach value profile if a stmt
+   is not in PROMOTED, because we only want to promot an indirect call once.
+   Return TRUE if BB is annotated.  */
+
+static bool
+afdo_set_bb_count (basic_block bb, const stmt_set &promoted)
+{
+  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+  edge e;
+  edge_iterator ei;
+  gcov_type max_count = 0;
+  bool has_annotated = false;
+
+  for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+    {
+      count_info info;
+      gimple stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+      if (gimple_clobber_p (stmt) || is_gimple_debug (stmt))
+        continue;
+      if (afdo_source_profile->get_count_info (stmt, &info))
+        {
+          if (info.count > max_count)
+            max_count = info.count;
+          has_annotated = true;
+          if (info.targets.size () > 0
+              && promoted.find (stmt) == promoted.end ())
+            afdo_vpt (&gsi, info.targets, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (!has_annotated)
+    return false;
+
+  for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+    afdo_source_profile->mark_annotated (gimple_location (gsi_stmt (gsi)));
+  for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+    {
+      gimple phi = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+      size_t i;
+      for (i = 0; i < gimple_phi_num_args (phi); i++)
+        afdo_source_profile->mark_annotated (gimple_phi_arg_location (phi, i));
+    }
+  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+  afdo_source_profile->mark_annotated (e->goto_locus);
+
+  bb->count = max_count;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* BB1 and BB2 are in an equivalent class iff:
+   1. BB1 dominates BB2.
+   2. BB2 post-dominates BB1.
+   3. BB1 and BB2 are in the same loop nest.
+   This function finds the equivalent class for each basic block, and
+   stores a pointer to the first BB in its equivalent class. Meanwhile,
+   set bb counts for the same equivalent class to be idenical. Update
+   ANNOTATED_BB for the first BB in its equivalent class.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_find_equiv_class (bb_set *annotated_bb)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+
+  FOR_ALL_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  bb->aux = NULL;
+
+  FOR_ALL_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    vec<basic_block> dom_bbs;
+    basic_block bb1;
+    int i;
+
+    if (bb->aux != NULL)
+      continue;
+    bb->aux = bb;
+    dom_bbs = get_dominated_by (CDI_DOMINATORS, bb);
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (dom_bbs, i, bb1)
+    if (bb1->aux == NULL && dominated_by_p (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, bb, bb1)
+        && bb1->loop_father == bb->loop_father)
+      {
+        bb1->aux = bb;
+        if (bb1->count > bb->count && is_bb_annotated (bb1, *annotated_bb))
+          {
+            bb->count = MAX (bb->count, bb1->count);
+            set_bb_annotated (bb, annotated_bb);
+          }
+      }
+    dom_bbs = get_dominated_by (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, bb);
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (dom_bbs, i, bb1)
+    if (bb1->aux == NULL && dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, bb, bb1)
+        && bb1->loop_father == bb->loop_father)
+      {
+        bb1->aux = bb;
+        if (bb1->count > bb->count && is_bb_annotated (bb1, *annotated_bb))
+          {
+            bb->count = MAX (bb->count, bb1->count);
+            set_bb_annotated (bb, annotated_bb);
+          }
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+/* If a basic block's count is known, and only one of its in/out edges' count
+   is unknown, its count can be calculated. Meanwhile, if all of the in/out
+   edges' counts are known, then the basic block's unknown count can also be
+   calculated.
+   IS_SUCC is true if out edges of a basic blocks are examined.
+   Update ANNOTATED_BB and ANNOTATED_EDGE accordingly.
+   Return TRUE if any basic block/edge count is changed.  */
+
+static bool
+afdo_propagate_edge (bool is_succ, bb_set *annotated_bb,
+                     edge_set *annotated_edge)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  bool changed = false;
+
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    edge e, unknown_edge = NULL;
+    edge_iterator ei;
+    int num_unknown_edge = 0;
+    gcov_type total_known_count = 0;
+
+    FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, is_succ ? bb->succs : bb->preds)
+    if (!is_edge_annotated (e, *annotated_edge))
+      num_unknown_edge++, unknown_edge = e;
+    else
+      total_known_count += e->count;
+
+    if (num_unknown_edge == 0)
+      {
+        if (total_known_count > bb->count)
+          {
+            bb->count = total_known_count;
+            changed = true;
+          }
+        if (!is_bb_annotated (bb, *annotated_bb))
+          {
+            set_bb_annotated (bb, annotated_bb);
+            changed = true;
+          }
+      }
+    else if (num_unknown_edge == 1 && is_bb_annotated (bb, *annotated_bb))
+      {
+        if (bb->count >= total_known_count)
+          unknown_edge->count = bb->count - total_known_count;
+        else
+          unknown_edge->count = 0;
+        set_edge_annotated (unknown_edge, annotated_edge);
+        changed = true;
+      }
+  }
+  return changed;
+}
+
+/* Special propagation for circuit expressions. Because GCC translates
+   control flow into data flow for circuit expressions. E.g.
+   BB1:
+   if (a && b)
+     BB2
+   else
+     BB3
+
+   will be translated into:
+
+   BB1:
+     if (a)
+       goto BB.t1
+     else
+       goto BB.t3
+   BB.t1:
+     if (b)
+       goto BB.t2
+     else
+       goto BB.t3
+   BB.t2:
+     goto BB.t3
+   BB.t3:
+     tmp = PHI (0 (BB1), 0 (BB.t1), 1 (BB.t2)
+     if (tmp)
+       goto BB2
+     else
+       goto BB3
+
+   In this case, we need to propagate through PHI to determine the edge
+   count of BB1->BB.t1, BB.t1->BB.t2.
+   Update ANNOTATED_EDGE accordingly.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_propagate_circuit (const bb_set &annotated_bb, edge_set *annotated_edge)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  FOR_ALL_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    gimple phi_stmt;
+    tree cmp_rhs, cmp_lhs;
+    gimple cmp_stmt = last_stmt (bb);
+    edge e;
+    edge_iterator ei;
+
+    if (!cmp_stmt || gimple_code (cmp_stmt) != GIMPLE_COND)
+      continue;
+    cmp_rhs = gimple_cond_rhs (cmp_stmt);
+    cmp_lhs = gimple_cond_lhs (cmp_stmt);
+    if (!TREE_CONSTANT (cmp_rhs)
+        || !(integer_zerop (cmp_rhs) || integer_onep (cmp_rhs)))
+      continue;
+    if (TREE_CODE (cmp_lhs) != SSA_NAME)
+      continue;
+    if (!is_bb_annotated (bb, annotated_bb))
+      continue;
+    phi_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (cmp_lhs);
+    while (phi_stmt && gimple_code (phi_stmt) == GIMPLE_ASSIGN
+           && gimple_assign_single_p (phi_stmt)
+           && TREE_CODE (gimple_assign_rhs1 (phi_stmt)) == SSA_NAME)
+      phi_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (gimple_assign_rhs1 (phi_stmt));
+    if (!phi_stmt || gimple_code (phi_stmt) != GIMPLE_PHI)
+      continue;
+    FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+    {
+      unsigned i, total = 0;
+      edge only_one;
+      bool check_value_one = (((integer_onep (cmp_rhs))
+                               ^ (gimple_cond_code (cmp_stmt) == EQ_EXPR))
+                              ^ ((e->flags & EDGE_TRUE_VALUE) != 0));
+      if (!is_edge_annotated (e, *annotated_edge))
+        continue;
+      for (i = 0; i < gimple_phi_num_args (phi_stmt); i++)
+        {
+          tree val = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi_stmt, i);
+          edge ep = gimple_phi_arg_edge (phi_stmt, i);
+
+          if (!TREE_CONSTANT (val)
+              || !(integer_zerop (val) || integer_onep (val)))
+            continue;
+          if (check_value_one ^ integer_onep (val))
+            continue;
+          total++;
+          only_one = ep;
+          if (e->probability == 0 && !is_edge_annotated (ep, *annotated_edge))
+            {
+              ep->probability = 0;
+              ep->count = 0;
+              set_edge_annotated (ep, annotated_edge);
+            }
+        }
+      if (total == 1 && !is_edge_annotated (only_one, *annotated_edge))
+        {
+          only_one->probability = e->probability;
+          only_one->count = e->count;
+          set_edge_annotated (only_one, annotated_edge);
+        }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Propagate the basic block count and edge count on the control flow
+   graph. We do the propagation iteratively until stablize.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_propagate (bb_set *annotated_bb, edge_set *annotated_edge)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  bool changed = true;
+  int i = 0;
+
+  FOR_ALL_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    bb->count = ((basic_block)bb->aux)->count;
+    if (is_bb_annotated ((const basic_block)bb->aux, *annotated_bb))
+      set_bb_annotated (bb, annotated_bb);
+  }
+
+  while (changed && i++ < 10)
+    {
+      changed = false;
+
+      if (afdo_propagate_edge (true, annotated_bb, annotated_edge))
+        changed = true;
+      if (afdo_propagate_edge (false, annotated_bb, annotated_edge))
+        changed = true;
+      afdo_propagate_circuit (*annotated_bb, annotated_edge);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Propagate counts on control flow graph and calculate branch
+   probabilities.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_calculate_branch_prob (bb_set *annotated_bb, edge_set *annotated_edge)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  bool has_sample = false;
+
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  if (bb->count > 0)
+    has_sample = true;
+
+  if (!has_sample)
+    return;
+
+  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
+  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
+  loop_optimizer_init (0);
+
+  afdo_find_equiv_class (annotated_bb);
+  afdo_propagate (annotated_bb, annotated_edge);
+
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    edge e;
+    edge_iterator ei;
+    int num_unknown_succ = 0;
+    gcov_type total_count = 0;
+
+    FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+    {
+      if (!is_edge_annotated (e, *annotated_edge))
+        num_unknown_succ++;
+      else
+        total_count += e->count;
+    }
+    if (num_unknown_succ == 0 && total_count > 0)
+      {
+        FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+        e->probability = (double)e->count * REG_BR_PROB_BASE / total_count;
+      }
+  }
+  FOR_ALL_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    edge e;
+    edge_iterator ei;
+
+    FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+    e->count = (double)bb->count * e->probability / REG_BR_PROB_BASE;
+    bb->aux = NULL;
+  }
+
+  loop_optimizer_finalize ();
+  free_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
+  free_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
+}
+
+/* Perform value profile transformation using AutoFDO profile. Add the
+   promoted stmts to PROMOTED_STMTS. Return TRUE if there is any
+   indirect call promoted.  */
+
+static bool
+afdo_vpt_for_early_inline (stmt_set *promoted_stmts)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  if (afdo_source_profile->get_function_instance_by_decl (
+          current_function_decl) == NULL)
+    return false;
+
+  compute_inline_parameters (cgraph_node::get (current_function_decl), true);
+
+  bool has_vpt = false;
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    if (!has_indirect_call (bb))
+      continue;
+    gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+
+    gcov_type bb_count = 0;
+    for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+      {
+        count_info info;
+        gimple stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+        if (afdo_source_profile->get_count_info (stmt, &info))
+          bb_count = MAX (bb_count, info.count);
+      }
+
+    for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+      {
+        gimple stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+        /* IC_promotion and early_inline_2 is done in multiple iterations.
+           No need to promoted the stmt if its in promoted_stmts (means
+           it is already been promoted in the previous iterations).  */
+        if (gimple_code (stmt) != GIMPLE_CALL || gimple_call_fn (stmt) == NULL
+            || TREE_CODE (gimple_call_fn (stmt)) == FUNCTION_DECL
+            || promoted_stmts->find (stmt) != promoted_stmts->end ())
+          continue;
+
+        count_info info;
+        afdo_source_profile->get_count_info (stmt, &info);
+        info.count = bb_count;
+        if (afdo_source_profile->update_inlined_ind_target (stmt, &info))
+          {
+            /* Promote the indirect call and update the promoted_stmts.  */
+            promoted_stmts->insert (stmt);
+            afdo_vpt (&gsi, info.targets, true);
+            has_vpt = true;
+          }
+      }
+  }
+  if (has_vpt)
+    {
+      optimize_inline_calls (current_function_decl);
+      return true;
+    }
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+/* Annotate auto profile to the control flow graph. Do not annotate value
+   profile for stmts in PROMOTED_STMTS.  */
+
+static void
+afdo_annotate_cfg (const stmt_set &promoted_stmts)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  bb_set annotated_bb;
+  edge_set annotated_edge;
+  const function_instance *s
+      = afdo_source_profile->get_function_instance_by_decl (
+          current_function_decl);
+
+  if (s == NULL)
+    return;
+  cgraph_node::get (current_function_decl)->count = s->head_count ();
+  ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count = s->head_count ();
+  gcov_type max_count = ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count;
+
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+  {
+    edge e;
+    edge_iterator ei;
+
+    bb->count = 0;
+    FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+    e->count = 0;
+
+    if (afdo_set_bb_count (bb, promoted_stmts))
+      set_bb_annotated (bb, &annotated_bb);
+    if (bb->count > max_count)
+      max_count = bb->count;
+  }
+  if (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count
+      > ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->next_bb->count)
+    {
+      ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->next_bb->count
+          = ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count;
+      set_bb_annotated (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->next_bb, &annotated_bb);
+    }
+  if (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count
+      > EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->prev_bb->count)
+    {
+      EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->prev_bb->count
+          = ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->count;
+      set_bb_annotated (EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)->prev_bb, &annotated_bb);
+    }
+  afdo_source_profile->mark_annotated (
+      DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (current_function_decl));
+  afdo_source_profile->mark_annotated (cfun->function_start_locus);
+  afdo_source_profile->mark_annotated (cfun->function_end_locus);
+  if (max_count > 0)
+    {
+      afdo_calculate_branch_prob (&annotated_bb, &annotated_edge);
+      counts_to_freqs ();
+      profile_status_for_fn (cfun) = PROFILE_READ;
+    }
+  if (flag_value_profile_transformations)
+    gimple_value_profile_transformations ();
+}
+
+/* Wrapper function to invoke early inliner.  */
+
+static void
+early_inline ()
+{
+  compute_inline_parameters (cgraph_node::get (current_function_decl), true);
+  unsigned todo = early_inliner (cfun);
+  if (todo & TODO_update_ssa_any)
+    update_ssa (TODO_update_ssa);
+}
+
+/* Use AutoFDO profile to annoate the control flow graph.
+   Return the todo flag.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+auto_profile (void)
+{
+  struct cgraph_node *node;
+
+  if (symtab->state == FINISHED)
+    return 0;
+
+  init_node_map (true);
+  profile_info = autofdo::afdo_profile_info;
+
+  FOR_EACH_FUNCTION (node)
+  {
+    if (!gimple_has_body_p (node->decl))
+      continue;
+
+    /* Don't profile functions produced for builtin stuff.  */
+    if (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (node->decl) == BUILTINS_LOCATION)
+      continue;
+
+    push_cfun (DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (node->decl));
+
+    /* First do indirect call promotion and early inline to make the
+       IR match the profiled binary before actual annotation.
+
+       This is needed because an indirect call might have been promoted
+       and inlined in the profiled binary. If we do not promote and
+       inline these indirect calls before annotation, the profile for
+       these promoted functions will be lost.
+
+       e.g. foo() --indirect_call--> bar()
+       In profiled binary, the callsite is promoted and inlined, making
+       the profile look like:
+
+       foo: {
+         loc_foo_1: count_1
+         bar@loc_foo_2: {
+           loc_bar_1: count_2
+           loc_bar_2: count_3
+         }
+       }
+
+       Before AutoFDO pass, loc_foo_2 is not promoted thus not inlined.
+       If we perform annotation on it, the profile inside bar@loc_foo2
+       will be wasted.
+
+       To avoid this, we promote loc_foo_2 and inline the promoted bar
+       function before annotation, so the profile inside bar@loc_foo2
+       will be useful.  */
+    autofdo::stmt_set promoted_stmts;
+    for (int i = 0; i < PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_EARLY_INLINER_MAX_ITERATIONS); i++)
+      {
+        if (!flag_value_profile_transformations
+            || !autofdo::afdo_vpt_for_early_inline (&promoted_stmts))
+          break;
+        early_inline ();
+      }
+
+    early_inline ();
+    autofdo::afdo_annotate_cfg (promoted_stmts);
+    compute_function_frequency ();
+    update_ssa (TODO_update_ssa);
+
+    /* Local pure-const may imply need to fixup the cfg.  */
+    if (execute_fixup_cfg () & TODO_cleanup_cfg)
+      cleanup_tree_cfg ();
+
+    free_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
+    free_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
+    cgraph_edge::rebuild_edges ();
+    pop_cfun ();
+  }
+
+  return TODO_rebuild_cgraph_edges;
+}
+} /* namespace autofdo.  */
+
+/* Read the profile from the profile data file.  */
+
+void
+read_autofdo_file (void)
+{
+  if (auto_profile_file == NULL)
+    auto_profile_file = DEFAULT_AUTO_PROFILE_FILE;
+
+  autofdo::afdo_profile_info = (struct gcov_ctr_summary *)xcalloc (
+      1, sizeof (struct gcov_ctr_summary));
+  autofdo::afdo_profile_info->runs = 1;
+  autofdo::afdo_profile_info->sum_max = 0;
+  autofdo::afdo_profile_info->sum_all = 0;
+
+  /* Read the profile from the profile file.  */
+  autofdo::read_profile ();
+}
+
+/* Free the resources.  */
+
+void
+end_auto_profile (void)
+{
+  delete autofdo::afdo_source_profile;
+  delete autofdo::afdo_string_table;
+  profile_info = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Returns TRUE if EDGE is hot enough to be inlined early.  */
+
+bool
+afdo_callsite_hot_enough_for_early_inline (struct cgraph_edge *edge)
+{
+  gcov_type count
+      = autofdo::afdo_source_profile->get_callsite_total_count (edge);
+  if (count > 0)
+    {
+      bool is_hot;
+      const struct gcov_ctr_summary *saved_profile_info = profile_info;
+      /* At earling inline stage, profile_info is not set yet. We need to
+         temporarily set it to afdo_profile_info to calculate hotness.  */
+      profile_info = autofdo::afdo_profile_info;
+      is_hot = maybe_hot_count_p (NULL, count);
+      profile_info = saved_profile_info;
+      return is_hot;
+    }
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+
+const pass_data pass_data_ipa_auto_profile = {
+  SIMPLE_IPA_PASS, "afdo", /* name */
+  OPTGROUP_NONE,           /* optinfo_flags */
+  TV_IPA_AUTOFDO,          /* tv_id */
+  0,                       /* properties_required */
+  0,                       /* properties_provided */
+  0,                       /* properties_destroyed */
+  0,                       /* todo_flags_start */
+  0,                       /* todo_flags_finish */
+};
+
+class pass_ipa_auto_profile : public simple_ipa_opt_pass
+{
+public:
+  pass_ipa_auto_profile (gcc::context *ctxt)
+      : simple_ipa_opt_pass (pass_data_ipa_auto_profile, ctxt)
+  {
+  }
+
+  /* opt_pass methods: */
+  virtual bool
+  gate (function *)
+  {
+    return flag_auto_profile;
+  }
+  virtual unsigned int
+  execute (function *)
+  {
+    return autofdo::auto_profile ();
+  }
+}; // class pass_ipa_auto_profile
+
+} // anon namespace
+
+simple_ipa_opt_pass *
+make_pass_ipa_auto_profile (gcc::context *ctxt)
+{
+  return new pass_ipa_auto_profile (ctxt);
+}
Index: gcc/auto-profile.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/auto-profile.h	(revision 0)
+++ gcc/auto-profile.h	(revision 0)
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ 
+/* auto-profile.h - Defines data exported from auto-profile.c
+   Copyright (C) 2014. Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by Dehao Chen (dehao@google.com)
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef AUTO_PROFILE_H
+#define AUTO_PROFILE_H
+
+/* Read, process, finalize AutoFDO data structures.  */
+extern void read_autofdo_file (void);
+extern void end_auto_profile (void);
+
+/* Returns TRUE if EDGE is hot enough to be inlined early.  */
+extern bool afdo_callsite_hot_enough_for_early_inline (struct cgraph_edge *);
+
+#endif /* AUTO_PROFILE_H */
Index: gcc/debug.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/debug.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/debug.h	(working copy)
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@  extern const struct gcc_debug_hooks dbx_debug_hook
 extern const struct gcc_debug_hooks sdb_debug_hooks;
 extern const struct gcc_debug_hooks xcoff_debug_hooks;
 extern const struct gcc_debug_hooks dwarf2_debug_hooks;
+extern const struct gcc_debug_hooks auto_profile_debug_hooks;
 extern const struct gcc_debug_hooks vmsdbg_debug_hooks;
 
 /* Dwarf2 frame information.  */
Index: gcc/tree-pass.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-pass.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/tree-pass.h	(working copy)
@@ -449,6 +449,7 @@  extern simple_ipa_opt_pass *make_pass_ipa_lower_em
 extern simple_ipa_opt_pass
 							      *make_pass_ipa_function_and_variable_visibility (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern simple_ipa_opt_pass *make_pass_ipa_tree_profile (gcc::context *ctxt);
+extern simple_ipa_opt_pass *make_pass_ipa_auto_profile (gcc::context *ctxt);
 
 extern simple_ipa_opt_pass *make_pass_early_local_passes (gcc::context *ctxt);
 
Index: gcc/ipa-inline.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/ipa-inline.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/ipa-inline.c	(working copy)
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@  along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "ipa-inline.h"
 #include "ipa-utils.h"
 #include "sreal.h"
+#include "auto-profile.h"
 #include "cilk.h"
 #include "builtins.h"
 
@@ -449,6 +450,14 @@  want_early_inline_function_p (struct cgraph_edge *
 
   if (DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (callee->decl))
     ;
+  /* For AutoFDO, we need to make sure that before profile annotation, all
+     hot paths' IR look exactly the same as profiled binary. As a result,
+     in einliner, we will disregard size limit and inline those callsites
+     that are:
+       * inlined in the profiled binary, and
+       * the cloned callee has enough samples to be considered "hot".  */
+  else if (flag_auto_profile && afdo_callsite_hot_enough_for_early_inline (e))
+    ;
   else if (!DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (callee->decl)
 	   && !flag_inline_small_functions)
     {
@@ -2366,39 +2375,8 @@  early_inline_small_functions (struct cgraph_node *
   return inlined;
 }
 
-/* Do inlining of small functions.  Doing so early helps profiling and other
-   passes to be somewhat more effective and avoids some code duplication in
-   later real inlining pass for testcases with very many function calls.  */
-
-namespace {
-
-const pass_data pass_data_early_inline =
-{
-  GIMPLE_PASS, /* type */
-  "einline", /* name */
-  OPTGROUP_INLINE, /* optinfo_flags */
-  TV_EARLY_INLINING, /* tv_id */
-  PROP_ssa, /* properties_required */
-  0, /* properties_provided */
-  0, /* properties_destroyed */
-  0, /* todo_flags_start */
-  0, /* todo_flags_finish */
-};
-
-class pass_early_inline : public gimple_opt_pass
-{
-public:
-  pass_early_inline (gcc::context *ctxt)
-    : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_early_inline, ctxt)
-  {}
-
-  /* opt_pass methods: */
-  virtual unsigned int execute (function *);
-
-}; // class pass_early_inline
-
 unsigned int
-pass_early_inline::execute (function *fun)
+early_inliner (function *fun)
 {
   struct cgraph_node *node = cgraph_node::get (current_function_decl);
   struct cgraph_edge *edge;
@@ -2499,6 +2477,43 @@  unsigned int
   return todo;
 }
 
+/* Do inlining of small functions.  Doing so early helps profiling and other
+   passes to be somewhat more effective and avoids some code duplication in
+   later real inlining pass for testcases with very many function calls.  */
+
+namespace {
+
+const pass_data pass_data_early_inline =
+{
+  GIMPLE_PASS, /* type */
+  "einline", /* name */
+  OPTGROUP_INLINE, /* optinfo_flags */
+  TV_EARLY_INLINING, /* tv_id */
+  PROP_ssa, /* properties_required */
+  0, /* properties_provided */
+  0, /* properties_destroyed */
+  0, /* todo_flags_start */
+  0, /* todo_flags_finish */
+};
+
+class pass_early_inline : public gimple_opt_pass
+{
+public:
+  pass_early_inline (gcc::context *ctxt)
+    : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_early_inline, ctxt)
+  {}
+
+  /* opt_pass methods: */
+  virtual unsigned int execute (function *);
+
+}; // class pass_early_inline
+
+unsigned int
+pass_early_inline::execute (function *fun)
+{
+  return early_inliner (fun);
+}
+
 } // anon namespace
 
 gimple_opt_pass *
Index: gcc/cfgloop.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/cfgloop.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/cfgloop.c	(working copy)
@@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@  record_niter_bound (struct loop *loop, const wides
     }
   if (realistic
       && (!loop->any_estimate
-	  || wi::ltu_p (i_bound, loop->nb_iterations_estimate)))
+	  || (!flag_auto_profile && wi::ltu_p (i_bound, loop->nb_iterations_estimate))))
     {
       loop->any_estimate = true;
       loop->nb_iterations_estimate = i_bound;
Index: gcc/ipa-inline.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/ipa-inline.h	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/ipa-inline.h	(working copy)
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@  void initialize_growth_caches (void);
 void free_growth_caches (void);
 void compute_inline_parameters (struct cgraph_node *, bool);
 bool speculation_useful_p (struct cgraph_edge *e, bool anticipate_inlining);
+unsigned int early_inliner (function *fun);
 
 /* In ipa-inline-transform.c  */
 bool inline_call (struct cgraph_edge *, bool, vec<cgraph_edge *> *, int *, bool,
Index: gcc/tree-profile.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-profile.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/tree-profile.c	(working copy)
@@ -699,8 +699,10 @@  class pass_ipa_tree_profile : public simple_ipa_op
 bool
 pass_ipa_tree_profile::gate (function *)
 {
-  /* When profile instrumentation, use or test coverage shall be performed.  */
-  return (!in_lto_p
+  /* When profile instrumentation, use or test coverage shall be performed.
+     But for AutoFDO, this there is no instrumentation, thus this pass is
+     diabled.  */
+  return (!in_lto_p && !flag_auto_profile
 	  && (flag_branch_probabilities || flag_test_coverage
 	      || profile_arc_flag));
 }
Index: gcc/opts.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/opts.c	(revision 215826)
+++ gcc/opts.c	(working copy)
@@ -1279,6 +1279,57 @@  print_specific_help (unsigned int include_flags,
 		       opts->x_help_columns, opts, lang_mask);
 }
 
+/* Enable FDO-related flags.  */
+
+static void
+enable_fdo_optimizations (struct gcc_options *opts,
+			  struct gcc_options *opts_set,
+			  int value)
+{
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_branch_probabilities)
+    opts->x_flag_branch_probabilities = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_values)
+    opts->x_flag_profile_values = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_unroll_loops)
+    opts->x_flag_unroll_loops = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_peel_loops)
+    opts->x_flag_peel_loops = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tracer)
+    opts->x_flag_tracer = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
+    opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_inline_functions)
+    opts->x_flag_inline_functions = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp)
+    opts->x_flag_ipa_cp = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone
+      && value && opts->x_flag_ipa_cp)
+    opts->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_predictive_commoning)
+    opts->x_flag_predictive_commoning = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_unswitch_loops)
+    opts->x_flag_unswitch_loops = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_gcse_after_reload)
+    opts->x_flag_gcse_after_reload = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize
+      && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
+    opts->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize
+      && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
+    opts->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_vect_cost_model)
+    opts->x_flag_vect_cost_model = VECT_COST_MODEL_DYNAMIC;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns)
+    opts->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns = value;
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions)
+    opts->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions = value;
+  /* Indirect call profiling should do all useful transformations
+     speculative devirtualization does.  */
+  if (!opts_set->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively
+      && opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
+    opts->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively = false;
+}
+
 /* Handle target- and language-independent options.  Return zero to
    generate an "unknown option" message.  Only options that need
    extra handling need to be listed here; if you simply want
@@ -1746,50 +1797,23 @@  common_handle_option (struct gcc_options *opts,
       value = true;
       /* No break here - do -fprofile-use processing. */
     case OPT_fprofile_use:
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_branch_probabilities)
-	opts->x_flag_branch_probabilities = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_values)
-	opts->x_flag_profile_values = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_unroll_loops)
-	opts->x_flag_unroll_loops = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_peel_loops)
-	opts->x_flag_peel_loops = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tracer)
-	opts->x_flag_tracer = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
-	opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_inline_functions)
-	opts->x_flag_inline_functions = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp)
-	opts->x_flag_ipa_cp = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone
-	  && value && opts->x_flag_ipa_cp)
-	opts->x_flag_ipa_cp_clone = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_predictive_commoning)
-	opts->x_flag_predictive_commoning = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_unswitch_loops)
-	opts->x_flag_unswitch_loops = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_gcse_after_reload)
-	opts->x_flag_gcse_after_reload = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize
-          && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
-	opts->x_flag_tree_loop_vectorize = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize
-          && !opts_set->x_flag_tree_vectorize)
-	opts->x_flag_tree_slp_vectorize = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_vect_cost_model)
-	opts->x_flag_vect_cost_model = VECT_COST_MODEL_DYNAMIC;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns)
-	opts->x_flag_tree_loop_distribute_patterns = value;
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions)
-	opts->x_flag_profile_reorder_functions = value;
-      /* Indirect call profiling should do all useful transformations
- 	 speculative devirtualization does.  */
-      if (!opts_set->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively
-	  && opts->x_flag_value_profile_transformations)
-	opts->x_flag_devirtualize_speculatively = false;
+      enable_fdo_optimizations (opts, opts_set, value);
       break;
 
+    case OPT_fauto_profile_:
+      opts->x_auto_profile_file = xstrdup (arg);
+      opts->x_flag_auto_profile = true;
+      value = true;
+      /* No break here - do -fauto-profile processing. */
+    case OPT_fauto_profile:
+      enable_fdo_optimizations (opts, opts_set, value);
+      if (!opts_set->x_flag_profile_correction)
+	opts->x_flag_profile_correction = value;
+      maybe_set_param_value (
+	PARAM_EARLY_INLINER_MAX_ITERATIONS, 10,
+	opts->x_param_values, opts_set->x_param_values);
+      break;
+
     case OPT_fprofile_generate_:
       opts->x_profile_data_prefix = xstrdup (arg);
       value = true;