[v6,10/11] authz: add QAuthZPAM object type for authorizing using PAM

From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com>

Add an authorization backend that talks to PAM to check whether the user
identity is allowed. This only uses the PAM account validation facility,
which is essentially just a check to see if the provided username is permitted
access. It doesn't use the authentication or session parts of PAM, since
that's dealt with by the relevant part of QEMU (eg VNC server).

Consider starting QEMU with a VNC server and telling it to use TLS with
x509 client certificates and configuring it to use an PAM to validate
the x509 distinguished name. In this example we're telling it to use PAM
for the QAuthZ impl with a service name of "qemu-vnc"

 $ qemu-system-x86_64 \
     -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/security/qemutls,\
             endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \
     -object authz-pam,id=authz0,service=qemu-vnc \
     -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0,tls-authz=authz0

This requires an /etc/pam/qemu-vnc file to be created with the auth
rules. A very simple file based whitelist can be setup using

  $ cat > /etc/pam/qemu-vnc <<EOF
  account         requisite       pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow
  EOF

The /etc/qemu/vnc.allow file simply contains one username per line. Any
username not in the file is denied. The usernames in this example are
the x509 distinguished name from the client's x509 cert.

  $ cat > /etc/qemu/vnc.allow <<EOF
  CN=laptop.berrange.com,O=Berrange Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
  EOF

More interesting would be to configure PAM to use an LDAP backend, so
that the QEMU authorization check data can be centralized instead of
requiring each compute host to have file maintained.

The main limitation with this PAM module is that the rules apply to all
QEMU instances on the host. Setting up different rules per VM, would
require creating a separate PAM service name & config file for every
guest. An alternative approach for the future might be to not pass in
the plain username to PAM, but instead combine the VM name or UUID with
the username. This requires further consideration though.

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
---
 configure               |  37 ++++++++++
 include/authz/pamacct.h | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 authz/pamacct.c         | 149 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 authz/Makefile.objs     |   3 +
 authz/trace-events      |   3 +
 qemu-options.hx         |  35 ++++++++++
 6 files changed, 327 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/authz/pamacct.h
 create mode 100644 authz/pamacct.c

Hi

On Fri, Oct 19, 2018 at 5:47 PM Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com>
>
> Add an authorization backend that talks to PAM to check whether the user
> identity is allowed. This only uses the PAM account validation facility,
> which is essentially just a check to see if the provided username is permitted
> access. It doesn't use the authentication or session parts of PAM, since
> that's dealt with by the relevant part of QEMU (eg VNC server).
>
> Consider starting QEMU with a VNC server and telling it to use TLS with
> x509 client certificates and configuring it to use an PAM to validate
> the x509 distinguished name. In this example we're telling it to use PAM
> for the QAuthZ impl with a service name of "qemu-vnc"
>
>  $ qemu-system-x86_64 \
>      -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/security/qemutls,\
>              endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \
>      -object authz-pam,id=authz0,service=qemu-vnc \
>      -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0,tls-authz=authz0
>
> This requires an /etc/pam/qemu-vnc file to be created with the auth
> rules. A very simple file based whitelist can be setup using
>
>   $ cat > /etc/pam/qemu-vnc <<EOF
>   account         requisite       pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow
>   EOF
>
> The /etc/qemu/vnc.allow file simply contains one username per line. Any
> username not in the file is denied. The usernames in this example are
> the x509 distinguished name from the client's x509 cert.
>
>   $ cat > /etc/qemu/vnc.allow <<EOF
>   CN=laptop.berrange.com,O=Berrange Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
>   EOF
>
> More interesting would be to configure PAM to use an LDAP backend, so
> that the QEMU authorization check data can be centralized instead of
> requiring each compute host to have file maintained.
>
> The main limitation with this PAM module is that the rules apply to all
> QEMU instances on the host. Setting up different rules per VM, would
> require creating a separate PAM service name & config file for every
> guest. An alternative approach for the future might be to not pass in
> the plain username to PAM, but instead combine the VM name or UUID with
> the username. This requires further consideration though.
>
> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
> Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
> Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
> ---
>  configure               |  37 ++++++++++
>  include/authz/pamacct.h | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  authz/pamacct.c         | 149 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  authz/Makefile.objs     |   3 +
>  authz/trace-events      |   3 +
>  qemu-options.hx         |  35 ++++++++++
>  6 files changed, 327 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 include/authz/pamacct.h
>  create mode 100644 authz/pamacct.c
>
> diff --git a/configure b/configure
> index 9138af37f8..db35d52e12 100755
> --- a/configure
> +++ b/configure
> @@ -463,6 +463,7 @@ nettle_kdf="no"
>  gcrypt=""
>  gcrypt_hmac="no"
>  gcrypt_kdf="no"
> +auth_pam=""
>  vte=""
>  virglrenderer=""
>  tpm="yes"
> @@ -1361,6 +1362,10 @@ for opt do
>    ;;
>    --enable-gcrypt) gcrypt="yes"
>    ;;
> +  --disable-auth-pam) auth_pam="no"
> +  ;;
> +  --enable-auth-pam) auth_pam="yes"
> +  ;;
>    --enable-rdma) rdma="yes"
>    ;;
>    --disable-rdma) rdma="no"
> @@ -1653,6 +1658,7 @@ disabled with --disable-FEATURE, default is enabled if available:
>    gnutls          GNUTLS cryptography support
>    nettle          nettle cryptography support
>    gcrypt          libgcrypt cryptography support
> +  auth-pam        PAM access control
>    sdl             SDL UI
>    --with-sdlabi     select preferred SDL ABI 1.2 or 2.0
>    gtk             gtk UI
> @@ -2876,6 +2882,33 @@ else
>  fi
>
>
> +##########################################
> +# PAM probe
> +
> +if test "x$auth_pam" != "no"; then
> +    cat > $TMPC <<EOF
> +#include <security/pam_appl.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +int main(void) {
> +   const char *service_name = "qemu";
> +   const char *user = "frank";
> +   const struct pam_conv *pam_conv = NULL;
> +   pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;
> +   pam_start(service_name, user, pam_conv, &pamh);
> +   return 0;
> +}
> +EOF
> +    if compile_prog "" "-lpam" ; then
> +       auth_pam=yes
> +    else
> +       if test "$auth_pam" = "yes"; then
> +           feature_not_found "PAM" "Install PAM development package"
> +       else
> +           auth_pam=no
> +       fi
> +    fi
> +fi
> +
>  ##########################################
>  # getifaddrs (for tests/test-io-channel-socket )
>
> @@ -5967,6 +6000,7 @@ echo "libgcrypt kdf     $gcrypt_kdf"
>  echo "nettle            $nettle $(echo_version $nettle $nettle_version)"
>  echo "nettle kdf        $nettle_kdf"
>  echo "libtasn1          $tasn1"
> +echo "PAM               $auth_pam"
>  echo "curses support    $curses"
>  echo "virgl support     $virglrenderer $(echo_version $virglrenderer $virgl_version)"
>  echo "curl support      $curl"
> @@ -6423,6 +6457,9 @@ fi
>  if test "$tasn1" = "yes" ; then
>    echo "CONFIG_TASN1=y" >> $config_host_mak
>  fi
> +if test "$auth_pam" = "yes" ; then
> +    echo "CONFIG_AUTH_PAM=y" >> $config_host_mak
> +fi
>  if test "$have_ifaddrs_h" = "yes" ; then
>      echo "HAVE_IFADDRS_H=y" >> $config_host_mak
>  fi
> diff --git a/include/authz/pamacct.h b/include/authz/pamacct.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..d2c0149153
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/authz/pamacct.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
> +/*
> + * QEMU PAM authorization driver
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
> + *
> + * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
> + * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
> + * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
> + * Lesser General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
> + * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
> + *
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef QAUTHZ_PAM_H__
> +#define QAUTHZ_PAM_H__
> +
> +#include "authz/base.h"
> +
> +
> +#define TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM "authz-pam"
> +
> +#define QAUTHZ_PAM_CLASS(klass) \
> +     OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(QAuthZPamClass, (klass), \
> +                        TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM)
> +#define QAUTHZ_PAM_GET_CLASS(obj) \
> +     OBJECT_GET_CLASS(QAuthZPamClass, (obj), \
> +                      TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM)
> +#define QAUTHZ_PAM(obj) \
> +     INTERFACE_CHECK(QAuthZPam, (obj), \
> +                     TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM)
> +
> +typedef struct QAuthZPam QAuthZPam;
> +typedef struct QAuthZPamClass QAuthZPamClass;
> +
> +
> +/**
> + * QAuthZPam:
> + *
> + * This authorization driver provides a PAM mechanism
> + * for granting access by matching user names against a
> + * list of globs. Each match rule has an associated policy
> + * and a catch all policy applies if no rule matches
> + *
> + * To create an instance of this class via QMP:
> + *
> + *  {
> + *    "execute": "object-add",
> + *    "arguments": {
> + *      "qom-type": "authz-pam",
> + *      "id": "authz0",
> + *      "parameters": {
> + *        "service": "qemu-vnc-tls"
> + *      }
> + *    }
> + *  }
> + *
> + * The driver only uses the PAM "account" verification
> + * subsystem. The above config would require a config
> + * file /etc/pam.d/qemu-vnc-tls. For a simple file
> + * lookup it would contain
> + *
> + *   account requisite  pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow \
> + *           file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow
> + *
> + * The external file would then contain a list of usernames.
> + * If x509 cert was being used as the username, a suitable
> + * entry would match the distinguish name:
> + *
> + *  CN=laptop.berrange.com,O=Berrange Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
> + *
> + * On the command line it can be created using
> + *
> + *   -object authz-pam,id=authz0,service=qemu-vnc-tls
> + *
> + */
> +struct QAuthZPam {
> +    QAuthZ parent_obj;
> +
> +    char *service;
> +};
> +
> +
> +struct QAuthZPamClass {
> +    QAuthZClass parent_class;
> +};
> +
> +
> +QAuthZPam *qauthz_pam_new(const char *id,
> +                          const char *service,
> +                          Error **errp);
> +
> +
> +#endif /* QAUTHZ_PAM_H__ */
> diff --git a/authz/pamacct.c b/authz/pamacct.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..a070dda217
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/authz/pamacct.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
> +/*
> + * QEMU PAM authorization driver
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
> + *
> + * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
> + * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
> + * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
> + * Lesser General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
> + * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
> + *
> + */
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "authz/pamacct.h"
> +#include "authz/trace.h"
> +#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
> +
> +#include <security/pam_appl.h>
> +
> +
> +static bool qauthz_pam_is_allowed(QAuthZ *authz,
> +                                  const char *identity,
> +                                  Error **errp)
> +{
> +    QAuthZPam *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(authz);
> +    const struct pam_conv pam_conversation = { 0 };
> +    pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;
> +    int ret;
> +
> +    trace_qauthz_pam_check(authz, identity, pauthz->service);
> +    ret = pam_start(pauthz->service,
> +                    identity,
> +                    &pam_conversation,
> +                    &pamh);
> +    if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
> +        error_setg(errp, "Unable to start PAM transaction: %s",
> +                   pam_strerror(NULL, ret));
> +        return false;
> +    }
> +
> +    ret = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, PAM_SILENT);
> +    if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
> +        error_setg(errp, "Unable to authorize user '%s': %s",
> +                   identity, pam_strerror(pamh, ret));
> +        goto cleanup;
> +    }
> +
> + cleanup:
> +    pam_end(pamh, ret);
> +    return ret == PAM_SUCCESS;
> +}
> +
> +
> +static void
> +qauthz_pam_prop_set_service(Object *obj,
> +                            const char *service,
> +                            Error **errp G_GNUC_UNUSED)
> +{
> +    QAuthZPam *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(obj);
> +
> +    g_free(pauthz->service);
> +    pauthz->service = g_strdup(service);
> +}
> +
> +
> +static char *
> +qauthz_pam_prop_get_service(Object *obj,
> +                            Error **errp G_GNUC_UNUSED)
> +{
> +    QAuthZPam *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(obj);
> +
> +    return g_strdup(pauthz->service);
> +}
> +
> +
> +static void
> +qauthz_pam_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +
> +static void
> +qauthz_pam_finalize(Object *obj)
> +{
> +    QAuthZPam *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(obj);
> +
> +    g_free(pauthz->service);
> +}
> +
> +
> +static void
> +qauthz_pam_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
> +{
> +    UserCreatableClass *ucc = USER_CREATABLE_CLASS(oc);
> +    QAuthZClass *authz = QAUTHZ_CLASS(oc);
> +
> +    ucc->complete = qauthz_pam_complete;
> +    authz->is_allowed = qauthz_pam_is_allowed;
> +
> +    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "service",
> +                                  qauthz_pam_prop_get_service,
> +                                  qauthz_pam_prop_set_service,
> +                                  NULL);
> +}
> +
> +
> +QAuthZPam *qauthz_pam_new(const char *id,
> +                          const char *service,
> +                          Error **errp)
> +{
> +    return QAUTHZ_PAM(
> +        object_new_with_props(TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM,
> +                              object_get_objects_root(),
> +                              id, errp,
> +                              "service", service,
> +                              NULL));
> +}
> +
> +
> +static const TypeInfo qauthz_pam_info = {
> +    .parent = TYPE_QAUTHZ,
> +    .name = TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM,
> +    .instance_size = sizeof(QAuthZPam),
> +    .instance_finalize = qauthz_pam_finalize,
> +    .class_size = sizeof(QAuthZPamClass),
> +    .class_init = qauthz_pam_class_init,
> +    .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
> +        { TYPE_USER_CREATABLE },
> +        { }
> +    }
> +};
> +
> +
> +static void
> +qauthz_pam_register_types(void)
> +{
> +    type_register_static(&qauthz_pam_info);
> +}
> +
> +
> +type_init(qauthz_pam_register_types);
> diff --git a/authz/Makefile.objs b/authz/Makefile.objs
> index 8351bf181d..ed7b273596 100644
> --- a/authz/Makefile.objs
> +++ b/authz/Makefile.objs
> @@ -2,3 +2,6 @@ authz-obj-y += base.o
>  authz-obj-y += simple.o
>  authz-obj-y += list.o
>  authz-obj-y += listfile.o
> +authz-obj-$(CONFIG_AUTH_PAM) += pamacct.o
> +
> +pamacct.o-libs = -lpam
> diff --git a/authz/trace-events b/authz/trace-events
> index fb65349a90..72c411927d 100644
> --- a/authz/trace-events
> +++ b/authz/trace-events
> @@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ qauthz_list_default_policy(void *authz, const char *identity, int policy) "AuthZ
>  # auth/listfile.c
>  qauthz_list_file_load(void *authz, const char *filename) "AuthZ file %p load filename=%s"
>  qauthz_list_file_refresh(void *authz, const char *filename, int success) "AuthZ file %p load filename=%s success=%d"
> +
> +# auth/pam.c
> +qauthz_pam_check(void *authz, const char *identity, const char *service) "AuthZ PAM %p identity=%s service=%s"
> diff --git a/qemu-options.hx b/qemu-options.hx
> index a1c3e0e59c..a9654b8115 100644
> --- a/qemu-options.hx
> +++ b/qemu-options.hx
> @@ -4447,6 +4447,41 @@ would look like:
>       ...
>  @end example
>
> +@item -object authz-pam,id=@var{id},service=@var{string}
> +
> +Create an authorization object that will control access to network services.
> +
> +The @option{service} parameter provides the name of a PAM service to use
> +for authorization. It requires that a file @code{/etc/pam.d/@var{service}}
> +exist to provide the configuration for the @code{account} subsystem.
> +
> +An example authorization object to validate a TLS x509 distinguished
> +name would look like:
> +
> +@example
> + # $QEMU \
> +     ...
> +     -object authz-simple,id=auth0,service=qemu-vnc

oops, wrong example,

other than that,
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

> +     ...
> +@end example
> +
> +There would then be a corresponding config file for PAM at
> +@code{/etc/pam.d/qemu-vnc} that contains:
> +
> +@example
> +account requisite  pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow \
> +           file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow
> +@end example
> +
> +Finally the @code{/etc/qemu/vnc.allow} file would contain
> +the list of x509 distingished names that are permitted
> +access
> +
> +@example
> +CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
> +@end example
> +
> +
>  @end table
>
>  ETEXI
> --
> 2.17.2
>
>


--
Marc-André Lureau

On Thu, Nov 08, 2018 at 02:23:18AM +0400, Marc-André Lureau wrote:
> Hi
> 
> On Fri, Oct 19, 2018 at 5:47 PM Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com> wrote:
> > diff --git a/qemu-options.hx b/qemu-options.hx
> > index a1c3e0e59c..a9654b8115 100644
> > --- a/qemu-options.hx
> > +++ b/qemu-options.hx
> > @@ -4447,6 +4447,41 @@ would look like:
> >       ...
> >  @end example
> >
> > +@item -object authz-pam,id=@var{id},service=@var{string}
> > +
> > +Create an authorization object that will control access to network services.
> > +
> > +The @option{service} parameter provides the name of a PAM service to use
> > +for authorization. It requires that a file @code{/etc/pam.d/@var{service}}
> > +exist to provide the configuration for the @code{account} subsystem.
> > +
> > +An example authorization object to validate a TLS x509 distinguished
> > +name would look like:
> > +
> > +@example
> > + # $QEMU \
> > +     ...
> > +     -object authz-simple,id=auth0,service=qemu-vnc
> 
> oops, wrong example,

Heh, fixed.

> 
> other than that,
> Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Regards,
Daniel