diff mbox

[ovs-dev,PATCHv2,1/6] Add support for connection tracking.

Message ID 1442531068-41423-2-git-send-email-joestringer@nicira.com
State Changes Requested
Headers show

Commit Message

Joe Stringer Sept. 17, 2015, 11:04 p.m. UTC
This patch adds a new action and fields to OVS that allow connection
tracking to be performed. This support works in conjunction with the
Linux kernel support merged into the Linux-4.3 development cycle.

The new 'ct' action sends this flow through the connection tracker,
which accepts the following parameters initally:

- "commit": Connections that execute ct(commit) should be remembered,
  allowing future packets in the connection to be recognized as part of
  an "established" (est) connection, packets in the reply (rpl)
  direction, or related to an existing connection (rel).
- "zone=[u16|NXM]": Perform connection tracking in the zone specified.
  Each zone is an independent connection tracking context. If the
  "commit" parameter is used, the connection will only be remembered in
  the specified zone, and not in other zones. This is 0 by default.
- "table=NUMBER": This makes the conntrack action act like the "output"
  action, with a copy of the packet sent to the connection tracker.
  When the connection tracker has finished processing, it may return
  and resume pipeline processing in the specified table, with connection
  tracking fields populated (initially ct_state and ct_zone). This table
  is strongly recommended to be greater than the current table, to
  prevent loops.

When the "table" option is used, the packet that continues processing in
the specified table will have the ct_state populated. The ct_state may
have any of the following flags set:

- Tracked (trk): Connection tracking has occurred.
- Reply (rpl): The flow is in the reply direction.
- Invalid (inv): The connection tracker couldn't identify the connection.
- New (new): This is the beginning of a new connection.
- Established (est): This is part of an already existing connection.
- Related (rel): This connection is related to an existing connection.

For more information, consult the ovs-ofctl(8) man pages.

Below is a simple example flow table to allow outbound TCP traffic from
port 1 and drop traffic from port 2 that was not initiated by port 1:

    ovs-ofctl del-flows br0
    ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 "arp,action=normal"
    ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
        "in_port=1,conn_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(commit,zone=9),2"
    ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
        "in_port=2,conn_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=1,zone=9)"
    ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
        "table=1,in_port=2,conn_state=+trk+est,tcp,action=1"
    ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
        "table=1,in_port=2,conn_state=+trk+new,tcp,action=drop"

Based on original design by Justin Pettit, contributions from Thomas
Graf and Daniele Di Proietto.

Signed-off-by: Joe Stringer <joestringer@nicira.com>
Acked-by: Jarno Rajahalme <jrajahalme@nicira.com>
---
v2:
- Documentation improvements
- Move extra chunks in NXAST_CT (alg, ofpacts) to later patches
- Check for MPLS recirculation requirement before executing OFPACT_CT
- Address Jarno's feedback on v1
- Extend ct_state field to 16 bits.
RFCv4->v1:
- OpenFlow and Netlink wire formats have been rearranged.
- Zone may be specified from any NXM field.
- NXM field values for ct_state, etc are different.
- Extend the testsuite.
- Rebase.
---
 NEWS                                              |   3 +
 build-aux/extract-ofp-fields                      |   1 +
 datapath/flow_netlink.c                           |   2 +-
 datapath/linux/compat/include/linux/openvswitch.h |  36 ++
 lib/dpif-netdev.c                                 |  12 +
 lib/dpif.c                                        |   1 +
 lib/flow.c                                        |  33 +-
 lib/flow.h                                        |  10 +-
 lib/match.c                                       |  57 ++-
 lib/match.h                                       |   3 +
 lib/meta-flow.c                                   |  78 ++++
 lib/meta-flow.h                                   |  66 +++
 lib/nx-match.c                                    |  12 +-
 lib/odp-execute.c                                 |   6 +
 lib/odp-util.c                                    | 213 ++++++++++
 lib/odp-util.h                                    |  10 +-
 lib/ofp-actions.c                                 | 260 ++++++++++++
 lib/ofp-actions.h                                 |  25 ++
 lib/ofp-util.c                                    |   2 +-
 lib/packets.c                                     |  21 +
 lib/packets.h                                     |  38 +-
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.c                        |   2 +
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.h                        |   3 +-
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-sflow.c                      |   3 +
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-xlate.c                      |  84 +++-
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c                            |  72 ++++
 ofproto/ofproto-unixctl.man                       |   4 +
 tests/atlocal.in                                  |   7 +
 tests/automake.mk                                 |   1 +
 tests/dpif-netdev.at                              |   2 +-
 tests/odp.at                                      |  12 +
 tests/ofproto-dpif.at                             |   4 +-
 tests/ofproto.at                                  |   2 +
 tests/system-common-macros.at                     |  18 +
 tests/system-kmod-macros.at                       |  16 +
 tests/system-traffic.at                           | 471 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/system-userspace-macros.at                  |   9 +
 tests/test-l7.py                                  |  72 ++++
 tests/test-odp.c                                  |   2 +
 utilities/ovs-ofctl.8.in                          |  90 +++++
 40 files changed, 1732 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 tests/test-l7.py

Comments

Ben Pfaff Sept. 18, 2015, 12:25 a.m. UTC | #1
On Thu, Sep 17, 2015 at 04:04:23PM -0700, Joe Stringer wrote:
> This patch adds a new action and fields to OVS that allow connection
> tracking to be performed. This support works in conjunction with the
> Linux kernel support merged into the Linux-4.3 development cycle.
> 
> The new 'ct' action sends this flow through the connection tracker,
> which accepts the following parameters initally:
> 
> - "commit": Connections that execute ct(commit) should be remembered,
>   allowing future packets in the connection to be recognized as part of
>   an "established" (est) connection, packets in the reply (rpl)
>   direction, or related to an existing connection (rel).
> - "zone=[u16|NXM]": Perform connection tracking in the zone specified.
>   Each zone is an independent connection tracking context. If the
>   "commit" parameter is used, the connection will only be remembered in
>   the specified zone, and not in other zones. This is 0 by default.
> - "table=NUMBER": This makes the conntrack action act like the "output"
>   action, with a copy of the packet sent to the connection tracker.
>   When the connection tracker has finished processing, it may return
>   and resume pipeline processing in the specified table, with connection
>   tracking fields populated (initially ct_state and ct_zone). This table
>   is strongly recommended to be greater than the current table, to
>   prevent loops.

Wow, this is big!  Thanks for doing all this work!

The description of "table" above confuses me a little.  The important
description, though, is in ovs-ofctl(8), so I'll review that description
in more detail.

> Below is a simple example flow table to allow outbound TCP traffic from
> port 1 and drop traffic from port 2 that was not initiated by port 1:
> 
>     ovs-ofctl del-flows br0
>     ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 "arp,action=normal"
>     ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
>         "in_port=1,conn_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(commit,zone=9),2"
>     ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
>         "in_port=2,conn_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=1,zone=9)"
>     ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
>         "table=1,in_port=2,conn_state=+trk+est,tcp,action=1"
>     ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
>         "table=1,in_port=2,conn_state=+trk+new,tcp,action=drop"

I think that the above example needs s/conn_state/ct_state/.

Here in NEWS, let's make a mental note to revise this when DPDK-based
connection tracking gets in:
> +   - Add support for connection tracking through the new "ct" action
> +     and "ct_state"/"ct_zone" match fields.  Only available on Linux kernels
> +     with the connection tracking module loaded.

In openvswitch.h, are the OVS_CS_F_* flags the same as other flags
already exported by Linux somewhere and, if so, would the Linux kernel
people like it better if we #defined them directly to those values (or
used the existing names directly)?  Obviously we'd have to work around
that for non-Linux machines.

The design of OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS as having a single flag bit is one
approach, but another that is sometimes taken for Netlink is to have the
presence of an attribute act as a flag.  For example, one could have an
OVS_CT_ATTR_COMMIT attribute whose presence signals that the flow should
be committed.

It's worrisome that there's no way to slow-path a flow that includes a
conntrack action.  I guess the consequences aren't too bad though since
the common case of needing userspace help just redirects the packet back
to the kernel.

The third statement here seems to follow from the first two.  Did you
mean something stronger like 'If the "Invalid" bit is set then only the
"Tracked" bit is also set.'?
+     *   - If "Tracked" is unset, no other bits may be set.
+     *   - If "Tracked" is set, one or more other bits may be set.
+     *   - The "Invalid" bit is only ever set with the "Tracked" bit.

I don't think the checks for nonzero masks are needed in nx_put_raw(),
since nxm_put_16m() will eventually check for itself.

For ovs_conntrack_policy[] in odp-util.c, there's no need to give a
min_len in either case since the defaults are correct.

In parse_conntrack_action(), I think that the n < 0 test here is always
true:
+            while (s != end) {
+                int n = -1;
+
+                s += strspn(s, delimiters);
+                if (ovs_scan(s, "commit%n", &n)) {
+                    flags |= OVS_CT_F_COMMIT;
+                    s += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (ovs_scan(s, "zone=%"SCNu16"%n", &zone, &n)) {
+                    s += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (n < 0) {
+                    return -EINVAL;
+                }
+            }

In format_odp_key_attr() under OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE, I think that
format_flags_masked() covers the whole case.  (Are you sure you want ','
for the delimiter to format_flags()?  That makes it look like multiple
fields, probably should use | as format_flags_masked() passes to
format_flags().  Also, parse_flags() looks for |.)

In format_odp_key_attr() under OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE, please output an 0x
prefix for hexadecimal output, to make it obvious that it's hex.

In ofp-actions.c, I don't think anything enforces prerequisites for
'zone_src'.

In format_CT() in ofp-actions.c, you can simplify a little by always
appending a comma and then snipping the last one, e.g.:

static void
format_alg(int port, struct ds *s)
{
    if (port == IPPORT_FTP) {
        ds_put_format(s, "alg=ftp,");
    } else if (port) {
        ds_put_format(s, "alg=%d,", port);
    }
}

static void
format_CT(const struct ofpact_conntrack *a, struct ds *s)
{
    ds_put_cstr(s, "ct(");
    if (a->flags & NX_CT_F_COMMIT) {
        ds_put_cstr(s, "commit,");
    }
    if (a->recirc_table != NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE) {
        ds_put_format(s, "table=%"PRIu8",", a->recirc_table);
    }
    format_alg(a->alg, s);
    if (a->zone_src.field) {
        ds_put_format(s, "zone=");
        mf_format_subfield(&a->zone_src, s);
        ds_put_char(s, ',');
    } else if (a->zone_imm) {
        ds_put_format(s, "zone=%"PRIu16, a->zone_imm);
        ds_put_char(s, ',');
    }
    format_alg(a->alg, s);
    if (ofpact_ct_get_action_len(a)) {
        ds_put_cstr(s, "exec(");
        ofpacts_format(a->actions, ofpact_ct_get_action_len(a), s);
        ds_put_cstr(s, "),");
    }
    ds_chomp(s, ',');
    ds_put_char(s, ')');
}

I think that struct ofpact_conntrack doesn't need to be defined with a
pad member here.  I guess it's done that way because it becomes
important in the next patch, but it's confusing here.

In ofproto-dpif-xlate.c, why does compose_conntrack_action() throw away
half of the zone (via "& 0xff")?

Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
Joe Stringer Sept. 18, 2015, 11:19 p.m. UTC | #2
On 17 September 2015 at 17:25, Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Sep 17, 2015 at 04:04:23PM -0700, Joe Stringer wrote:
>> This patch adds a new action and fields to OVS that allow connection
>> tracking to be performed. This support works in conjunction with the
>> Linux kernel support merged into the Linux-4.3 development cycle.
>>
>> The new 'ct' action sends this flow through the connection tracker,
>> which accepts the following parameters initally:
>>
>> - "commit": Connections that execute ct(commit) should be remembered,
>>   allowing future packets in the connection to be recognized as part of
>>   an "established" (est) connection, packets in the reply (rpl)
>>   direction, or related to an existing connection (rel).
>> - "zone=[u16|NXM]": Perform connection tracking in the zone specified.
>>   Each zone is an independent connection tracking context. If the
>>   "commit" parameter is used, the connection will only be remembered in
>>   the specified zone, and not in other zones. This is 0 by default.
>> - "table=NUMBER": This makes the conntrack action act like the "output"
>>   action, with a copy of the packet sent to the connection tracker.
>>   When the connection tracker has finished processing, it may return
>>   and resume pipeline processing in the specified table, with connection
>>   tracking fields populated (initially ct_state and ct_zone). This table
>>   is strongly recommended to be greater than the current table, to
>>   prevent loops.
>
> Wow, this is big!  Thanks for doing all this work!
>
> The description of "table" above confuses me a little.  The important
> description, though, is in ovs-ofctl(8), so I'll review that description
> in more detail.

I've found this somewhat difficult to concisely describe, and I think
this is a reflection on that. Probably the most precise version I have
so far is in the comment about nx_action_conntrack:

 * The "recirc_table" allows NXM_NX_CT_* fields to become available:
 *
 *      If "recirc_table" has a value other than NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE, then the
 *      packet will be logically cloned prior to executing this action. One
 *      copy will be sent to the connection tracker, then will be re-injected
 *      into the OpenFlow pipeline beginning at the OpenFlow table specified in
 *      this field. When the packet re-enters the pipeline, the NXM_NX_CT_*
 *      fields will be populated. The original instance of the packet will
 *      continue the current actions list. This can be thought of as similar to
 *      the effect of the "output" action: One copy is sent out (in this case,
 *      to the connection tracker), but the current copy continues processing.
 *
 *      It is strongly recommended that this table is later than the current
 *      table, to prevent loops.

Perhaps the reference to output action adds more confusion than
clarity. I could drop that part.

Alternatively, the ovs-ofctl manual currently says this:

                            Fork pipeline processing in two. The
original instance of the packet will continue processing the current
actions list. An additional instance  of  the
                            packet  will  be  sent  to  the connection
tracker, which will be re-injected into the OpenFlow pipeline to
resume processing in table number, with the
                            ct_state and other ct match fields set. If
the table is not specified, then the packet is submitted to the
connection tracker, but  the  pipeline  does
                            not fork and the ct match fields are not
populated. It is strongly recommended to specify a table later than
the current table to prevent loops.

I guess ideally all three of these places say essentially the same
thing (with the caveat that ofp-actions.c should have the wire-format
clarifications, while the others should be sufficient to have ofctl
format).

>>     ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 \
>>         "table=1,in_port=2,conn_state=+trk+new,tcp,action=drop"
>
> I think that the above example needs s/conn_state/ct_state/.

OK.

> Here in NEWS, let's make a mental note to revise this when DPDK-based
> connection tracking gets in:
>> +   - Add support for connection tracking through the new "ct" action
>> +     and "ct_state"/"ct_zone" match fields.  Only available on Linux kernels
>> +     with the connection tracking module loaded.
>
> In openvswitch.h, are the OVS_CS_F_* flags the same as other flags
> already exported by Linux somewhere and, if so, would the Linux kernel
> people like it better if we #defined them directly to those values (or
> used the existing names directly)?  Obviously we'd have to work around
> that for non-Linux machines.

They're not the same as those exported by conntrack. They are the same
as those exported by the openvswitch.h header. In this version I added
build-time assertions that the values match the odp-netlink header.

> The design of OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS as having a single flag bit is one
> approach, but another that is sometimes taken for Netlink is to have the
> presence of an attribute act as a flag.  For example, one could have an
> OVS_CT_ATTR_COMMIT attribute whose presence signals that the flow should
> be committed.

I think that discussions around both the previous versions and
potential future extensions of this interface need additional flags.
As this is already merged upstream, I'm inclined to push forward with
this at the moment.

> It's worrisome that there's no way to slow-path a flow that includes a
> conntrack action.  I guess the consequences aren't too bad though since
> the common case of needing userspace help just redirects the packet back
> to the kernel.

This is an unusual case, merging a feature with kernel support prior
to userspace. But I suspect this should be alleviated soon if
Daniele's work is as far along as I think it is.

We do still need to be cautious though, that we cannot mix&match
execution of the ct action between kernel and userspace. I'd like to
do some more comprehensive testing around this, but I don't think we
should block on this.

> The third statement here seems to follow from the first two.  Did you
> mean something stronger like 'If the "Invalid" bit is set then only the
> "Tracked" bit is also set.'?
> +     *   - If "Tracked" is unset, no other bits may be set.
> +     *   - If "Tracked" is set, one or more other bits may be set.
> +     *   - The "Invalid" bit is only ever set with the "Tracked" bit.

Yes, that's what I meant. Updated.

> I don't think the checks for nonzero masks are needed in nx_put_raw(),
> since nxm_put_16m() will eventually check for itself.

OK.

> For ovs_conntrack_policy[] in odp-util.c, there's no need to give a
> min_len in either case since the defaults are correct.

It was probably a style thing that leaked over from the later
attributes which really do need the min_len. I've removed it.

> In parse_conntrack_action(), I think that the n < 0 test here is always
> true:
> +            while (s != end) {
> +                int n = -1;
> +
> +                s += strspn(s, delimiters);
> +                if (ovs_scan(s, "commit%n", &n)) {
> +                    flags |= OVS_CT_F_COMMIT;
> +                    s += n;
> +                    continue;
> +                }
> +                if (ovs_scan(s, "zone=%"SCNu16"%n", &zone, &n)) {
> +                    s += n;
> +                    continue;
> +                }
> +
> +                if (n < 0) {
> +                    return -EINVAL;
> +                }
> +            }

Agreed, removed.

> In format_odp_key_attr() under OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE, I think that
> format_flags_masked() covers the whole case.  (Are you sure you want ','
> for the delimiter to format_flags()?  That makes it look like multiple
> fields, probably should use | as format_flags_masked() passes to
> format_flags().  Also, parse_flags() looks for |.)

OK. (Mental note: presumably TCP flags could also just use
format_flags_masked())

> In format_odp_key_attr() under OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE, please output an 0x
> prefix for hexadecimal output, to make it obvious that it's hex.

OK.

> In ofp-actions.c, I don't think anything enforces prerequisites for
> 'zone_src'.

Most likely the later patches don't enforce prerequisites for nested
actions either. I'll fix it.

> In format_CT() in ofp-actions.c, you can simplify a little by always
> appending a comma and then snipping the last one, e.g.:
>
> static void
> format_alg(int port, struct ds *s)
> {
>     if (port == IPPORT_FTP) {
>         ds_put_format(s, "alg=ftp,");
>     } else if (port) {
>         ds_put_format(s, "alg=%d,", port);
>     }
> }
>
> static void
> format_CT(const struct ofpact_conntrack *a, struct ds *s)
> {
>     ds_put_cstr(s, "ct(");
>     if (a->flags & NX_CT_F_COMMIT) {
>         ds_put_cstr(s, "commit,");
>     }
>     if (a->recirc_table != NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE) {
>         ds_put_format(s, "table=%"PRIu8",", a->recirc_table);
>     }
>     format_alg(a->alg, s);
>     if (a->zone_src.field) {
>         ds_put_format(s, "zone=");
>         mf_format_subfield(&a->zone_src, s);
>         ds_put_char(s, ',');
>     } else if (a->zone_imm) {
>         ds_put_format(s, "zone=%"PRIu16, a->zone_imm);
>         ds_put_char(s, ',');
>     }
>     format_alg(a->alg, s);
>     if (ofpact_ct_get_action_len(a)) {
>         ds_put_cstr(s, "exec(");
>         ofpacts_format(a->actions, ofpact_ct_get_action_len(a), s);
>         ds_put_cstr(s, "),");
>     }
>     ds_chomp(s, ',');
>     ds_put_char(s, ')');
> }

Chomp chomp! OK.

> I think that struct ofpact_conntrack doesn't need to be defined with a
> pad member here.  I guess it's done that way because it becomes
> important in the next patch, but it's confusing here.

I think I managed to catch this between the version you started
reviewing to this one I posted.

> In ofproto-dpif-xlate.c, why does compose_conntrack_action() throw away
> half of the zone (via "& 0xff")?

Because I don't have a test in the testsuite that tries large zone IDs
:-) Fixed, test amended to check it.

> Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>

Thanks,
Joe
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index ca22c8e..45ae059 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@  Post-v2.4.0
      targets to run a new system testsuite.  These tests can be run inside
      a Vagrant box.  See INSTALL.md for details
    - Dropped support for GRE64 tunnel.
+   - Add support for connection tracking through the new "ct" action
+     and "ct_state"/"ct_zone" match fields.  Only available on Linux kernels
+     with the connection tracking module loaded.
 
 
 v2.4.0 - 20 Aug 2015
diff --git a/build-aux/extract-ofp-fields b/build-aux/extract-ofp-fields
index e0284f9..b37f0b8 100755
--- a/build-aux/extract-ofp-fields
+++ b/build-aux/extract-ofp-fields
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@  TYPES = {"u8":       (1,   False),
 
 FORMATTING = {"decimal":            ("MFS_DECIMAL",      1,   8),
               "hexadecimal":        ("MFS_HEXADECIMAL",  1, 127),
+              "conn state":         ("MFS_CT_STATE",     2,   2),
               "Ethernet":           ("MFS_ETHERNET",     6,   6),
               "IPv4":               ("MFS_IPV4",         4,   4),
               "IPv6":               ("MFS_IPV6",        16,  16),
diff --git a/datapath/flow_netlink.c b/datapath/flow_netlink.c
index 6280246..fd57b33 100644
--- a/datapath/flow_netlink.c
+++ b/datapath/flow_netlink.c
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@  size_t ovs_key_attr_size(void)
 	/* Whenever adding new OVS_KEY_ FIELDS, we should consider
 	 * updating this function.
 	 */
-	BUILD_BUG_ON(OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL_INFO != 22);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL_INFO != 24);
 
 	return    nla_total_size(4)   /* OVS_KEY_ATTR_PRIORITY */
 		+ nla_total_size(0)   /* OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL */
diff --git a/datapath/linux/compat/include/linux/openvswitch.h b/datapath/linux/compat/include/linux/openvswitch.h
index 578cd88..43db224 100644
--- a/datapath/linux/compat/include/linux/openvswitch.h
+++ b/datapath/linux/compat/include/linux/openvswitch.h
@@ -343,6 +343,8 @@  enum ovs_key_attr {
 	OVS_KEY_ATTR_MPLS,      /* array of struct ovs_key_mpls.
 				 * The implementation may restrict
 				 * the accepted length of the array. */
+	OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE,	/* u8 bitmask of OVS_CS_F_* */
+	OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE,	/* u16 connection tracking zone. */
 
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 	/* Only used within kernel data path. */
@@ -456,6 +458,15 @@  struct ovs_key_nd {
 	__u8	nd_tll[ETH_ALEN];
 };
 
+/* OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE flags */
+#define OVS_CS_F_NEW               0x01 /* Beginning of a new connection. */
+#define OVS_CS_F_ESTABLISHED       0x02 /* Part of an existing connection. */
+#define OVS_CS_F_RELATED           0x04 /* Related to an established
+					 * connection. */
+#define OVS_CS_F_INVALID           0x20 /* Could not track connection. */
+#define OVS_CS_F_REPLY_DIR         0x40 /* Flow is in the reply direction. */
+#define OVS_CS_F_TRACKED           0x80 /* Conntrack has occurred. */
+
 /**
  * enum ovs_flow_attr - attributes for %OVS_FLOW_* commands.
  * @OVS_FLOW_ATTR_KEY: Nested %OVS_KEY_ATTR_* attributes specifying the flow
@@ -642,6 +653,28 @@  struct ovs_action_push_tnl {
 #endif
 
 /**
+ * enum ovs_ct_attr - Attributes for %OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT action.
+ * @OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS: u32 connection tracking flags.
+ * @OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE: u16 connection tracking zone.
+ */
+enum ovs_ct_attr {
+	OVS_CT_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS,      /* u32 bitmask of OVS_CT_F_*. */
+	OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE,       /* u16 zone id. */
+	__OVS_CT_ATTR_MAX
+};
+
+#define OVS_CT_ATTR_MAX (__OVS_CT_ATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/*
+ * OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS flags - bitmask of %OVS_CT_F_*
+ * @OVS_CT_F_COMMIT: Commits the flow to the conntrack table. This allows
+ * future packets for the same connection to be identified as 'established'
+ * or 'related'.
+ */
+#define OVS_CT_F_COMMIT		0x01
+
+/**
  * enum ovs_action_attr - Action types.
  *
  * @OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT: Output packet to port.
@@ -672,6 +705,8 @@  struct ovs_action_push_tnl {
  * indicate the new packet contents. This could potentially still be
  * %ETH_P_MPLS if the resulting MPLS label stack is not empty.  If there
  * is no MPLS label stack, as determined by ethertype, no action is taken.
+ * @OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT: Track the connection. Populate the conntrack-related
+ * entries in the flow key.
  *
  * Only a single header can be set with a single %OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET.  Not all
  * fields within a header are modifiable, e.g. the IPv4 protocol and fragment
@@ -702,6 +737,7 @@  enum ovs_action_attr {
 				       * data immediately followed by a mask.
 				       * The data must be zero for the unmasked
 				       * bits. */
+	OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT,           /* Nested OVS_CT_ATTR_* . */
 
 #ifndef __KERNEL__
 	OVS_ACTION_ATTR_TUNNEL_PUSH,   /* struct ovs_action_push_tnl*/
diff --git a/lib/dpif-netdev.c b/lib/dpif-netdev.c
index 446f386..d7b28e1 100644
--- a/lib/dpif-netdev.c
+++ b/lib/dpif-netdev.c
@@ -1920,6 +1920,11 @@  dpif_netdev_flow_from_nlattrs(const struct nlattr *key, uint32_t key_len,
         return EINVAL;
     }
 
+    /* Userspace datapath doesn't support conntrack. */
+    if (flow->ct_state || flow->ct_zone) {
+        return EINVAL;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3596,6 +3601,13 @@  dp_execute_cb(void *aux_, struct dp_packet **packets, int cnt,
         VLOG_WARN("Packet dropped. Max recirculation depth exceeded.");
         break;
 
+    case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
+        /* If a flow with this action is slow-pathed, datapath assistance is
+         * required to implement it. However, we don't support this action
+         * in the userspace datapath. */
+        VLOG_WARN("Cannot execute conntrack action in userspace.");
+        break;
+
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_PUSH_VLAN:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_POP_VLAN:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_PUSH_MPLS:
diff --git a/lib/dpif.c b/lib/dpif.c
index 9a67a24..c03aa1d 100644
--- a/lib/dpif.c
+++ b/lib/dpif.c
@@ -1097,6 +1097,7 @@  dpif_execute_helper_cb(void *aux_, struct dp_packet **packets, int cnt,
     ovs_assert(cnt == 1);
 
     switch ((enum ovs_action_attr)type) {
+    case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_TUNNEL_PUSH:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_TUNNEL_POP:
diff --git a/lib/flow.c b/lib/flow.c
index 84048e8..a826a1b 100644
--- a/lib/flow.c
+++ b/lib/flow.c
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@  struct mf_ctx {
  * away.  Some GCC versions gave warnings on ALWAYS_INLINE, so these are
  * defined as macros. */
 
-#if (FLOW_WC_SEQ != 33)
+#if (FLOW_WC_SEQ != 34)
 #define MINIFLOW_ASSERT(X) ovs_assert(X)
 BUILD_MESSAGE("FLOW_WC_SEQ changed: miniflow_extract() will have runtime "
                "assertions enabled. Consider updating FLOW_WC_SEQ after "
@@ -477,9 +477,10 @@  miniflow_extract(struct dp_packet *packet, struct miniflow *dst)
     }
     miniflow_push_uint32(mf, dp_hash, md->dp_hash);
     miniflow_push_uint32(mf, in_port, odp_to_u32(md->in_port.odp_port));
-    if (md->recirc_id) {
+    if (md->recirc_id || md->ct_state) {
         miniflow_push_uint32(mf, recirc_id, md->recirc_id);
-        miniflow_pad_to_64(mf, conj_id);
+        miniflow_push_uint16(mf, ct_state, md->ct_state);
+        miniflow_push_uint16(mf, ct_zone, md->ct_zone);
     }
 
     /* Initialize packet's layer pointer and offsets. */
@@ -794,7 +795,7 @@  flow_get_metadata(const struct flow *flow, struct match *flow_metadata)
 {
     int i;
 
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     match_init_catchall(flow_metadata);
     if (flow->tunnel.tun_id != htonll(0)) {
@@ -832,6 +833,12 @@  flow_get_metadata(const struct flow *flow, struct match *flow_metadata)
     }
 
     match_set_in_port(flow_metadata, flow->in_port.ofp_port);
+    if (flow->ct_state != 0) {
+        match_set_ct_state(flow_metadata, flow->ct_state);
+    }
+    if (flow->ct_zone != 0) {
+        match_set_ct_zone(flow_metadata, flow->ct_zone);
+    }
 }
 
 char *
@@ -1107,6 +1114,12 @@  flow_format(struct ds *ds, const struct flow *flow)
     if (!flow->dp_hash) {
         WC_UNMASK_FIELD(wc, dp_hash);
     }
+    if (!flow->ct_state) {
+        WC_UNMASK_FIELD(wc, ct_state);
+    }
+    if (!flow->ct_zone) {
+        WC_UNMASK_FIELD(wc, ct_zone);
+    }
     for (int i = 0; i < FLOW_N_REGS; i++) {
         if (!flow->regs[i]) {
             WC_UNMASK_FIELD(wc, regs[i]);
@@ -1146,7 +1159,7 @@  void flow_wildcards_init_for_packet(struct flow_wildcards *wc,
     memset(&wc->masks, 0x0, sizeof wc->masks);
 
     /* Update this function whenever struct flow changes. */
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     if (flow->tunnel.ip_dst) {
         if (flow->tunnel.flags & FLOW_TNL_F_KEY) {
@@ -1181,6 +1194,8 @@  void flow_wildcards_init_for_packet(struct flow_wildcards *wc,
 
     WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, skb_priority);
     WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, pkt_mark);
+    WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, ct_state);
+    WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, ct_zone);
     WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, recirc_id);
     WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, dp_hash);
     WC_MASK_FIELD(wc, in_port);
@@ -1257,7 +1272,7 @@  void
 flow_wc_map(const struct flow *flow, struct flowmap *map)
 {
     /* Update this function whenever struct flow changes. */
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     flowmap_init(map);
 
@@ -1284,6 +1299,8 @@  flow_wc_map(const struct flow *flow, struct flowmap *map)
     FLOWMAP_SET(map, dl_src);
     FLOWMAP_SET(map, dl_type);
     FLOWMAP_SET(map, vlan_tci);
+    FLOWMAP_SET(map, ct_state);
+    FLOWMAP_SET(map, ct_zone);
 
     /* Ethertype-dependent fields. */
     if (OVS_LIKELY(flow->dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP))) {
@@ -1337,7 +1354,7 @@  void
 flow_wildcards_clear_non_packet_fields(struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
     /* Update this function whenever struct flow changes. */
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     memset(&wc->masks.metadata, 0, sizeof wc->masks.metadata);
     memset(&wc->masks.regs, 0, sizeof wc->masks.regs);
@@ -1964,7 +1981,7 @@  flow_push_mpls(struct flow *flow, int n, ovs_be16 mpls_eth_type,
         flow->mpls_lse[0] = set_mpls_lse_values(ttl, tc, 1, htonl(label));
 
         /* Clear all L3 and L4 fields and dp_hash. */
-        BUILD_ASSERT(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+        BUILD_ASSERT(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
         memset((char *) flow + FLOW_SEGMENT_2_ENDS_AT, 0,
                sizeof(struct flow) - FLOW_SEGMENT_2_ENDS_AT);
         flow->dp_hash = 0;
diff --git a/lib/flow.h b/lib/flow.h
index d8632ff..3965335 100644
--- a/lib/flow.h
+++ b/lib/flow.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@  struct match;
 /* This sequence number should be incremented whenever anything involving flows
  * or the wildcarding of flows changes.  This will cause build assertion
  * failures in places which likely need to be updated. */
-#define FLOW_WC_SEQ 33
+#define FLOW_WC_SEQ 34
 
 /* Number of Open vSwitch extension 32-bit registers. */
 #define FLOW_N_REGS 8
@@ -102,9 +102,11 @@  struct flow {
                                  * computation is opaque to the user space. */
     union flow_in_port in_port; /* Input port.*/
     uint32_t recirc_id;         /* Must be exact match. */
+    uint16_t ct_state;          /* Connection tracking state. */
+    uint16_t ct_zone;           /* Connection tracking zone. */
     uint32_t conj_id;           /* Conjunction ID. */
     ofp_port_t actset_output;   /* Output port in action set. */
-    uint8_t pad1[6];            /* Pad to 64 bits. */
+    uint8_t pad1[2];            /* Pad to 64 bits. */
 
     /* L2, Order the same as in the Ethernet header! (64-bit aligned) */
     struct eth_addr dl_dst;     /* Ethernet destination address. */
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@  BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(sizeof(struct flow_tnl) % sizeof(uint64_t) == 0);
 /* Remember to update FLOW_WC_SEQ when changing 'struct flow'. */
 BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(offsetof(struct flow, igmp_group_ip4) + sizeof(uint32_t)
                   == sizeof(struct flow_tnl) + 192
-                  && FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+                  && FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
 /* Incremental points at which flow classification may be performed in
  * segments.
@@ -980,6 +982,8 @@  pkt_metadata_from_flow(struct pkt_metadata *md, const struct flow *flow)
     md->skb_priority = flow->skb_priority;
     md->pkt_mark = flow->pkt_mark;
     md->in_port = flow->in_port;
+    md->ct_state = flow->ct_state;
+    md->ct_zone = flow->ct_zone;
 }
 
 static inline bool is_ip_any(const struct flow *flow)
diff --git a/lib/match.c b/lib/match.c
index 9e465d8..1a7d441 100644
--- a/lib/match.c
+++ b/lib/match.c
@@ -285,6 +285,26 @@  match_set_pkt_mark_masked(struct match *match, uint32_t pkt_mark, uint32_t mask)
 }
 
 void
+match_set_ct_state(struct match *match, uint16_t ct_state)
+{
+    match_set_ct_state_masked(match, ct_state, UINT16_MAX);
+}
+
+void
+match_set_ct_state_masked(struct match *match, uint16_t ct_state, uint16_t mask)
+{
+    match->flow.ct_state = ct_state & mask;
+    match->wc.masks.ct_state = mask;
+}
+
+void
+match_set_ct_zone(struct match *match, uint16_t ct_zone)
+{
+    match->flow.ct_zone = ct_zone;
+    match->wc.masks.ct_zone = UINT16_MAX;
+}
+
+void
 match_set_dl_type(struct match *match, ovs_be16 dl_type)
 {
     match->wc.masks.dl_type = OVS_BE16_MAX;
@@ -816,6 +836,21 @@  format_ipv6_netmask(struct ds *s, const char *name,
 }
 
 static void
+format_uint16_masked(struct ds *s, const char *name,
+                   uint16_t value, uint16_t mask)
+{
+    if (mask != 0) {
+        ds_put_format(s, "%s=", name);
+        if (mask == UINT16_MAX) {
+            ds_put_format(s, "%"PRIu16, value);
+        } else {
+            ds_put_format(s, "0x%"PRIx16"/0x%"PRIx16, value, mask);
+        }
+        ds_put_char(s, ',');
+    }
+}
+
+static void
 format_be16_masked(struct ds *s, const char *name,
                    ovs_be16 value, ovs_be16 mask)
 {
@@ -921,7 +956,7 @@  match_format(const struct match *match, struct ds *s, int priority)
 
     int i;
 
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     if (priority != OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY) {
         ds_put_format(s, "priority=%d,", priority);
@@ -953,6 +988,26 @@  match_format(const struct match *match, struct ds *s, int priority)
         ds_put_char(s, ',');
     }
 
+    if (wc->masks.ct_state) {
+        if (wc->masks.ct_state == UINT16_MAX) {
+            ds_put_cstr(s, "ct_state=");
+            if (f->ct_state) {
+                format_flags(s, packet_ct_state_to_string, f->ct_state,
+                             '|');
+            } else {
+                ds_put_cstr(s, "0"); /* No state. */
+            }
+        } else {
+            format_flags_masked(s, "ct_state", packet_ct_state_to_string,
+                                f->ct_state, wc->masks.ct_state, UINT16_MAX);
+        }
+        ds_put_char(s, ',');
+    }
+
+    if (wc->masks.ct_zone) {
+        format_uint16_masked(s, "ct_zone", f->ct_zone, wc->masks.ct_zone);
+    }
+
     if (wc->masks.dl_type) {
         skip_type = true;
         if (f->dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
diff --git a/lib/match.h b/lib/match.h
index 3e133e5..c9cd718 100644
--- a/lib/match.h
+++ b/lib/match.h
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@  void match_set_tun_gbp_flags(struct match *match, uint8_t flags);
 void match_set_in_port(struct match *, ofp_port_t ofp_port);
 void match_set_pkt_mark(struct match *, uint32_t pkt_mark);
 void match_set_pkt_mark_masked(struct match *, uint32_t pkt_mark, uint32_t mask);
+void match_set_ct_state(struct match *, uint16_t ct_state);
+void match_set_ct_state_masked(struct match *, uint16_t ct_state, uint16_t mask);
+void match_set_ct_zone(struct match *, uint16_t ct_zone);
 void match_set_skb_priority(struct match *, uint32_t skb_priority);
 void match_set_dl_type(struct match *, ovs_be16);
 void match_set_dl_src(struct match *, const struct eth_addr );
diff --git a/lib/meta-flow.c b/lib/meta-flow.c
index 224ba53..2195161 100644
--- a/lib/meta-flow.c
+++ b/lib/meta-flow.c
@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@  mf_is_all_wild(const struct mf_field *mf, const struct flow_wildcards *wc)
         return !wc->masks.skb_priority;
     case MFF_PKT_MARK:
         return !wc->masks.pkt_mark;
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+        return !wc->masks.ct_state;
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
+        return !wc->masks.ct_zone;
     CASE_MFF_REGS:
         return !wc->masks.regs[mf->id - MFF_REG0];
     CASE_MFF_XREGS:
@@ -497,6 +501,8 @@  mf_is_value_valid(const struct mf_field *mf, const union mf_value *value)
     case MFF_IN_PORT:
     case MFF_SKB_PRIORITY:
     case MFF_PKT_MARK:
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
     CASE_MFF_REGS:
     CASE_MFF_XREGS:
     case MFF_ETH_SRC:
@@ -644,6 +650,14 @@  mf_get_value(const struct mf_field *mf, const struct flow *flow,
         value->be32 = htonl(flow->pkt_mark);
         break;
 
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+        value->be16 = htons(flow->ct_state);
+        break;
+
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
+        value->be16 = htons(flow->ct_zone);
+        break;
+
     CASE_MFF_REGS:
         value->be32 = htonl(flow->regs[mf->id - MFF_REG0]);
         break;
@@ -876,6 +890,14 @@  mf_set_value(const struct mf_field *mf,
         match_set_pkt_mark(match, ntohl(value->be32));
         break;
 
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+        match_set_ct_state(match, ntohs(value->be16));
+        break;
+
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
+        match_set_ct_zone(match, ntohs(value->be16));
+        break;
+
     CASE_MFF_REGS:
         match_set_reg(match, mf->id - MFF_REG0, ntohl(value->be32));
         break;
@@ -1160,6 +1182,14 @@  mf_set_flow_value(const struct mf_field *mf,
         flow->pkt_mark = ntohl(value->be32);
         break;
 
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+        flow->ct_state = ntohs(value->be16);
+        break;
+
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
+        flow->ct_zone = ntohs(value->be16);
+        break;
+
     CASE_MFF_REGS:
         flow->regs[mf->id - MFF_REG0] = ntohl(value->be32);
         break;
@@ -1449,6 +1479,16 @@  mf_set_wild(const struct mf_field *mf, struct match *match, char **err_str)
         match->wc.masks.pkt_mark = 0;
         break;
 
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+        match->flow.ct_state = 0;
+        match->wc.masks.ct_state = 0;
+        break;
+
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
+        match->flow.ct_zone = 0;
+        match->wc.masks.ct_zone = 0;
+        break;
+
     CASE_MFF_REGS:
         match_set_reg_masked(match, mf->id - MFF_REG0, 0, 0);
         break;
@@ -1636,6 +1676,7 @@  mf_set(const struct mf_field *mf,
     }
 
     switch (mf->id) {
+    case MFF_CT_ZONE:
     case MFF_RECIRC_ID:
     case MFF_CONJ_ID:
     case MFF_IN_PORT:
@@ -1711,6 +1752,10 @@  mf_set(const struct mf_field *mf,
                                   ntohl(mask->be32));
         break;
 
+    case MFF_CT_STATE:
+        match_set_ct_state_masked(match, ntohs(value->be16), ntohs(mask->be16));
+        break;
+
     case MFF_ETH_DST:
         match_set_dl_dst_masked(match, value->mac, mask->mac);
         break;
@@ -2103,6 +2148,22 @@  mf_from_tun_flags_string(const char *s, ovs_be16 *flagsp, ovs_be16 *maskp)
                           htons(FLOW_TNL_PUB_F_MASK), maskp);
 }
 
+static char *
+mf_from_ct_state_string(const char *s, ovs_be16 *flagsp, ovs_be16 *maskp)
+{
+    ovs_be16 flags, mask;
+    char *error;
+
+    error = parse_mf_flags(s, packet_ct_state_to_string, "ct_state", &flags,
+                           htons(CS_SUPPORTED_MASK), &mask);
+    if (!error) {
+        *flagsp = flags;
+        *maskp = mask;
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
 /* Parses 's', a string value for field 'mf', into 'value' and 'mask'.  Returns
  * NULL if successful, otherwise a malloc()'d string describing the error. */
 char *
@@ -2124,6 +2185,11 @@  mf_parse(const struct mf_field *mf, const char *s,
                                        (uint8_t *) value, (uint8_t *) mask);
         break;
 
+    case MFS_CT_STATE:
+        ovs_assert(mf->n_bytes == sizeof(ovs_be16));
+        error = mf_from_ct_state_string(s, &value->be16, &mask->be16);
+        break;
+
     case MFS_ETHERNET:
         error = mf_from_ethernet_string(mf, s, &value->mac, &mask->mac);
         break;
@@ -2244,6 +2310,13 @@  mf_format_tcp_flags_string(ovs_be16 value, ovs_be16 mask, struct ds *s)
                         TCP_FLAGS(mask), TCP_FLAGS(OVS_BE16_MAX));
 }
 
+static void
+mf_format_ct_state_string(ovs_be16 value, ovs_be16 mask, struct ds *s)
+{
+    format_flags_masked(s, NULL, packet_ct_state_to_string, ntohs(value),
+                        ntohs(mask), UINT16_MAX);
+}
+
 /* Appends to 's' a string representation of field 'mf' whose value is in
  * 'value' and 'mask'.  'mask' may be NULL to indicate an exact match. */
 void
@@ -2280,6 +2353,11 @@  mf_format(const struct mf_field *mf,
         mf_format_integer_string(mf, (uint8_t *) value, (uint8_t *) mask, s);
         break;
 
+    case MFS_CT_STATE:
+        mf_format_ct_state_string(value->be16,
+                                  mask ? mask->be16 : OVS_BE16_MAX, s);
+        break;
+
     case MFS_ETHERNET:
         eth_format_masked(value->mac, mask ? &mask->mac : NULL, s);
         break;
diff --git a/lib/meta-flow.h b/lib/meta-flow.h
index 02272ef..82f9e40 100644
--- a/lib/meta-flow.h
+++ b/lib/meta-flow.h
@@ -703,6 +703,71 @@  enum OVS_PACKED_ENUM mf_field_id {
      */
     MFF_PKT_MARK,
 
+    /* "ct_state".
+     *
+     * Connection tracking state.  The field is populated by the NXAST_CT
+     * action. The following bit values describe the state of the connection:
+     *
+     *   - New (0x01): This is the beginning of a new connection.
+     *   - Established (0x02): This is part of an already existing connection.
+     *   - Related (0x04): This is a separate connection that is related to an
+     *                     existing connection.
+     *   - Invalid (0x20): This flow could not be associated with a connection.
+     *                     This could be set for a variety of reasons,
+     *                     including (but not limited to):
+     *                     - L3/L4 protocol handler is not loaded/unavailable.
+     *                     - L3/L4 protocol handler determines that the packet
+     *                       is malformed or invalid for the current FSM stage.
+     *                     - Packets are unexpected length for protocol.
+     *   - Reply (0x40): This flow is in the reply direction, ie it did not
+     *                   initiate the connection.
+     *   - Tracked (0x80): Connection tracking has occurred.
+     *
+     * The "Tracked" bit corresponds to the packet_state as described in the
+     * description of NXAST_CT action. The remaining bits correspond to
+     * connection state. The "New" bit implies that the connection state
+     * is uncommitted, while "Established" implies that it has previously been
+     * committed.
+     *
+     * There are additional constraints on the ct_state bits, listed in order
+     * of precedence below:
+     *
+     *   - If "Tracked" is unset, no other bits may be set.
+     *   - If "Tracked" is set, one or more other bits may be set.
+     *   - The "Invalid" bit is only ever set with the "Tracked" bit.
+     *   - The "New" and "Established" bits are mutually exclusive.
+     *   - The "New" and "Reply" bits are mutually exclusive.
+     *   - The "Related" bit may be set in conjunction with any other bits.
+     *     Connections that are identified as "Related" are separate
+     *     connections from the originating connection, so must be committed
+     *     separately. All packets for a related connection will have the
+     *     "Related" bit set (not just the initial packet).
+     *
+     * Type: be16.
+     * Maskable: bitwise.
+     * Formatting: conn state.
+     * Prerequisites: none.
+     * Access: read-only.
+     * NXM: NXM_NX_CT_STATE(105) since v2.5.
+     * OXM: none.
+     */
+    MFF_CT_STATE,
+
+    /* "ct_zone".
+     *
+     * Connection tracking zone.  The field is populated by the
+     * NXAST_CT action.
+     *
+     * Type: be16.
+     * Maskable: no.
+     * Formatting: hexadecimal.
+     * Prerequisites: none.
+     * Access: read-only.
+     * NXM: NXM_NX_CT_ZONE(106) since v2.5.
+     * OXM: none.
+     */
+    MFF_CT_ZONE,
+
 #if FLOW_N_REGS == 8
     /* "reg<N>".
      *
@@ -1679,6 +1744,7 @@  enum OVS_PACKED_ENUM mf_string {
     MFS_HEXADECIMAL,
 
     /* Other formats. */
+    MFS_CT_STATE,               /* Connection tracking state */
     MFS_ETHERNET,
     MFS_IPV4,
     MFS_IPV6,
diff --git a/lib/nx-match.c b/lib/nx-match.c
index eef2c54..09e0de0 100644
--- a/lib/nx-match.c
+++ b/lib/nx-match.c
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@  nx_put_raw(struct ofpbuf *b, enum ofp_version oxm, const struct match *match,
     int match_len;
     int i;
 
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     /* Metadata. */
     if (match->wc.masks.dp_hash) {
@@ -1036,6 +1036,16 @@  nx_put_raw(struct ofpbuf *b, enum ofp_version oxm, const struct match *match,
     nxm_put_32m(b, MFF_PKT_MARK, oxm, htonl(flow->pkt_mark),
                 htonl(match->wc.masks.pkt_mark));
 
+    /* Connection tracking. */
+    if (match->wc.masks.ct_state) {
+        nxm_put_16m(b, MFF_CT_STATE, oxm, htons(flow->ct_state),
+                    htons(match->wc.masks.ct_state));
+    }
+    if (match->wc.masks.ct_zone) {
+        nxm_put_16m(b, MFF_CT_ZONE, oxm, htons(flow->ct_zone),
+                    htons(match->wc.masks.ct_zone));
+    }
+
     /* OpenFlow 1.1+ Metadata. */
     nxm_put_64m(b, MFF_METADATA, oxm,
                 flow->metadata, match->wc.masks.metadata);
diff --git a/lib/odp-execute.c b/lib/odp-execute.c
index 54a43cd..575631c 100644
--- a/lib/odp-execute.c
+++ b/lib/odp-execute.c
@@ -326,6 +326,8 @@  odp_execute_set_action(struct dp_packet *packet, const struct nlattr *a)
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ICMP:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ICMPV6:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_TCP_FLAGS:
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE:
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE:
     case __OVS_KEY_ATTR_MAX:
     default:
         OVS_NOT_REACHED();
@@ -414,6 +416,8 @@  odp_execute_masked_set_action(struct dp_packet *packet,
 
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL:    /* Masked data not supported for tunnel. */
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_UNSPEC:
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE:
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ENCAP:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ETHERTYPE:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_IN_PORT:
@@ -476,6 +480,7 @@  requires_datapath_assistance(const struct nlattr *a)
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_TUNNEL_POP:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_USERSPACE:
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_RECIRC:
+    case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
         return true;
 
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET:
@@ -611,6 +616,7 @@  odp_execute_actions(void *dp, struct dp_packet **packets, int cnt, bool steal,
         case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_TUNNEL_POP:
         case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_USERSPACE:
         case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_RECIRC:
+        case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
         case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_UNSPEC:
         case __OVS_ACTION_ATTR_MAX:
             OVS_NOT_REACHED();
diff --git a/lib/odp-util.c b/lib/odp-util.c
index d7696c9..1ce6258 100644
--- a/lib/odp-util.c
+++ b/lib/odp-util.c
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@  odp_action_len(uint16_t type)
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET: return ATTR_LEN_VARIABLE;
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET_MASKED: return ATTR_LEN_VARIABLE;
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SAMPLE: return ATTR_LEN_VARIABLE;
+    case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT: return ATTR_LEN_VARIABLE;
 
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_UNSPEC:
     case __OVS_ACTION_ATTR_MAX:
@@ -134,6 +135,8 @@  ovs_key_attr_to_string(enum ovs_key_attr attr, char *namebuf, size_t bufsize)
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ENCAP: return "encap";
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_PRIORITY: return "skb_priority";
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK: return "skb_mark";
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE: return "ct_state";
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE: return "ct_zone";
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL: return "tunnel";
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_IN_PORT: return "in_port";
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ETHERNET: return "eth";
@@ -532,6 +535,44 @@  format_odp_tnl_push_action(struct ds *ds, const struct nlattr *attr)
     ds_put_format(ds, ",out_port(%"PRIu32"))", data->out_port);
 }
 
+static const struct nl_policy ovs_conntrack_policy[] = {
+    [OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS] = { .type = NL_A_U32, .optional = true,
+                            .min_len = sizeof(uint32_t) },
+    [OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE] = { .type = NL_A_U16, .optional = true,
+                            .min_len = sizeof(uint16_t)},
+};
+
+static void
+format_odp_conntrack_action(struct ds *ds, const struct nlattr *attr)
+{
+    struct nlattr *a[ARRAY_SIZE(ovs_conntrack_policy)];
+    uint32_t flags;
+    uint16_t zone;
+
+    if (!nl_parse_nested(attr, ovs_conntrack_policy, a, ARRAY_SIZE(a))) {
+        ds_put_cstr(ds, "ct(error)");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    flags = a[OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS] ? nl_attr_get_u32(a[OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS]) : 0;
+    zone = a[OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE] ? nl_attr_get_u16(a[OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE]) : 0;
+
+    ds_put_format(ds, "ct");
+    if (flags || zone) {
+        ds_put_cstr(ds, "(");
+        if (flags & OVS_CT_F_COMMIT) {
+            ds_put_format(ds, "commit");
+        }
+        if (zone) {
+            if (ds_last(ds) != '(') {
+                ds_put_char(ds, ',');
+            }
+            ds_put_format(ds, "zone=%"PRIu16, zone);
+        }
+        ds_put_cstr(ds, ")");
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 format_odp_action(struct ds *ds, const struct nlattr *a)
 {
@@ -622,6 +663,9 @@  format_odp_action(struct ds *ds, const struct nlattr *a)
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SAMPLE:
         format_odp_sample_action(ds, a);
         break;
+    case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
+        format_odp_conntrack_action(ds, a);
+        break;
     case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_UNSPEC:
     case __OVS_ACTION_ATTR_MAX:
     default:
@@ -960,6 +1004,59 @@  ovs_parse_tnl_push(const char *s, struct ovs_action_push_tnl *data)
 }
 
 static int
+parse_conntrack_action(const char *s_, struct ofpbuf *actions)
+{
+    const char *s = s_;
+
+    if (ovs_scan(s, "ct")) {
+        uint32_t flags = 0;
+        uint16_t zone = 0;
+        size_t start;
+        char *end;
+
+        s += 2;
+        if (ovs_scan(s, "(")) {
+            s++;
+            end = strchr(s, ')');
+            if (!end) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+
+            while (s != end) {
+                int n = -1;
+
+                s += strspn(s, delimiters);
+                if (ovs_scan(s, "commit%n", &n)) {
+                    flags |= OVS_CT_F_COMMIT;
+                    s += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (ovs_scan(s, "zone=%"SCNu16"%n", &zone, &n)) {
+                    s += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (n < 0) {
+                    return -EINVAL;
+                }
+            }
+            s++;
+        }
+
+        start = nl_msg_start_nested(actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT);
+        if (flags) {
+            nl_msg_put_u32(actions, OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS, flags);
+        }
+        if (zone) {
+            nl_msg_put_u16(actions, OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE, zone);
+        }
+        nl_msg_end_nested(actions, start);
+    }
+
+    return s - s_;
+}
+
+static int
 parse_odp_action(const char *s, const struct simap *port_names,
                  struct ofpbuf *actions)
 {
@@ -1117,6 +1214,15 @@  parse_odp_action(const char *s, const struct simap *port_names,
     }
 
     {
+        int retval;
+
+        retval = parse_conntrack_action(s, actions);
+        if (retval) {
+            return retval;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
         struct ovs_action_push_tnl data;
         int n;
 
@@ -1211,6 +1317,8 @@  static const struct attr_len_tbl ovs_flow_key_attr_lens[OVS_KEY_ATTR_MAX + 1] =
     [OVS_KEY_ATTR_ICMPV6]    = { .len = sizeof(struct ovs_key_icmpv6) },
     [OVS_KEY_ATTR_ARP]       = { .len = sizeof(struct ovs_key_arp) },
     [OVS_KEY_ATTR_ND]        = { .len = sizeof(struct ovs_key_nd) },
+    [OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE]  = { .len = 1 },
+    [OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE]   = { .len = 2 },
 };
 
 /* Returns the correct length of the payload for a flow key attribute of the
@@ -2016,6 +2124,21 @@  format_frag(struct ds *ds, const char *name, uint8_t key,
     }
 }
 
+static bool
+mask_empty(const struct nlattr *ma)
+{
+    const void *mask;
+    size_t n;
+
+    if (!ma) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    mask = nl_attr_get(ma);
+    n = nl_attr_get_size(ma);
+
+    return is_all_zeros(mask, n);
+}
+
 static void
 format_odp_key_attr(const struct nlattr *a, const struct nlattr *ma,
                     const struct hmap *portno_names, struct ds *ds,
@@ -2057,6 +2180,24 @@  format_odp_key_attr(const struct nlattr *a, const struct nlattr *ma,
         }
         break;
 
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE:
+        if (!is_exact) {
+            format_flags_masked(ds, NULL, packet_ct_state_to_string,
+                                nl_attr_get_u8(a), nl_attr_get_u8(ma),
+                                UINT8_MAX);
+        } else {
+            format_flags(ds, packet_ct_state_to_string,
+                         nl_attr_get_u8(a), ',');
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE:
+        if (verbose || !mask_empty(ma)) {
+            ds_put_format(ds, "%"PRIx16, nl_attr_get_u16(a));
+        }
+        break;
+
+
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL:
         format_odp_tun_attr(a, ma, ds, verbose);
         break;
@@ -2503,6 +2644,26 @@  scan_u8(const char *s, uint8_t *key, uint8_t *mask)
 }
 
 static int
+scan_u16(const char *s, uint16_t *key, uint16_t *mask)
+{
+    int n;
+
+    if (ovs_scan(s, "%"SCNi16"%n", key, &n)) {
+        int len = n;
+
+        if (mask) {
+            if (ovs_scan(s + len, "/%"SCNi16"%n", mask, &n)) {
+                len += n;
+            } else {
+                *mask = UINT16_MAX;
+            }
+        }
+        return len;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
 scan_u32(const char *s, uint32_t *key, uint32_t *mask)
 {
     int n;
@@ -2605,6 +2766,25 @@  scan_tcp_flags(const char *s, ovs_be16 *key, ovs_be16 *mask)
 }
 
 static int
+scan_ct_state(const char *s, uint8_t *key, uint8_t *mask)
+{
+    uint32_t flags, fmask;
+    int n;
+
+    n = parse_flags(s, packet_ct_state_to_string, ')', NULL, NULL, &flags,
+                    CS_SUPPORTED_MASK, mask ? &fmask : NULL);
+
+    if (n >= 0) {
+        *key = flags;
+        if (mask) {
+            *mask = fmask;
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
 scan_frag(const char *s, uint8_t *key, uint8_t *mask)
 {
     int n;
@@ -3127,6 +3307,9 @@  parse_odp_key_mask_attr(const char *s, const struct simap *port_names,
                              OVS_KEY_ATTR_RECIRC_ID);
     SCAN_SINGLE("dp_hash(", uint32_t, u32, OVS_KEY_ATTR_DP_HASH);
 
+    SCAN_SINGLE("ct_state(", uint8_t, ct_state, OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE);
+    SCAN_SINGLE("ct_zone(", uint16_t, u16, OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE);
+
     SCAN_BEGIN_NESTED("tunnel(", OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL) {
         SCAN_FIELD_NESTED("tun_id=", ovs_be64, be64, OVS_TUNNEL_KEY_ATTR_ID);
         SCAN_FIELD_NESTED("src=", ovs_be32, ipv4, OVS_TUNNEL_KEY_ATTR_IPV4_SRC);
@@ -3361,6 +3544,12 @@  odp_flow_key_from_flow__(const struct odp_flow_key_parms *parms,
 
     nl_msg_put_u32(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK, data->pkt_mark);
 
+    if (parms->support.ct_state) {
+        nl_msg_put_u8(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE, data->ct_state);
+    }
+    if (parms->support.ct_zone) {
+        nl_msg_put_u16(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE, data->ct_zone);
+    }
     if (parms->support.recirc) {
         nl_msg_put_u32(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_RECIRC_ID, data->recirc_id);
         nl_msg_put_u32(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_DP_HASH, data->dp_hash);
@@ -3543,6 +3732,13 @@  odp_key_from_pkt_metadata(struct ofpbuf *buf, const struct pkt_metadata *md)
 
     nl_msg_put_u32(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK, md->pkt_mark);
 
+    if (md->ct_state) {
+        nl_msg_put_u8(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE, md->ct_state);
+        if (md->ct_zone) {
+            nl_msg_put_u16(buf, OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE, md->ct_zone);
+        }
+    }
+
     /* Add an ingress port attribute if 'odp_in_port' is not the magical
      * value "ODPP_NONE". */
     if (md->in_port.odp_port != ODPP_NONE) {
@@ -3590,6 +3786,14 @@  odp_key_to_pkt_metadata(const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len,
             md->pkt_mark = nl_attr_get_u32(nla);
             wanted_attrs &= ~(1u << OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK);
             break;
+        case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE:
+            md->ct_state = nl_attr_get_u8(nla);
+            wanted_attrs &= ~(1u << OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE);
+            break;
+        case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE:
+            md->ct_zone = nl_attr_get_u16(nla);
+            wanted_attrs &= ~(1u << OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE);
+            break;
         case OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL: {
             enum odp_key_fitness res;
 
@@ -4144,6 +4348,15 @@  odp_flow_key_to_flow__(const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len,
         expected_attrs |= UINT64_C(1) << OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK;
     }
 
+    if (present_attrs & (UINT64_C(1) << OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE)) {
+        flow->ct_state = nl_attr_get_u8(attrs[OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE]);
+        expected_attrs |= UINT64_C(1) << OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE;
+    }
+    if (present_attrs & (UINT64_C(1) << OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE)) {
+        flow->ct_zone = nl_attr_get_u16(attrs[OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE]);
+        expected_attrs |= UINT64_C(1) << OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE;
+    }
+
     if (present_attrs & (UINT64_C(1) << OVS_KEY_ATTR_TUNNEL)) {
         enum odp_key_fitness res;
 
diff --git a/lib/odp-util.h b/lib/odp-util.h
index bc27794..428b87c 100644
--- a/lib/odp-util.h
+++ b/lib/odp-util.h
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@  void odp_portno_names_destroy(struct hmap *portno_names);
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_SKB_MARK                4    --     4      8
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_DP_HASH                 4    --     4      8
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_RECIRC_ID               4    --     4      8
+ *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_CONN_STATE              2     2     4      8
+ *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_CONN_ZONE               2     2     4      8
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_ETHERNET               12    --     4     16
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_ETHERTYPE               2     2     4      8  (outer VLAN ethertype)
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_VLAN                    2     2     4      8
@@ -129,13 +131,13 @@  void odp_portno_names_destroy(struct hmap *portno_names);
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_ICMPV6                  2     2     4      8
  *  OVS_KEY_ATTR_ND                     28    --     4     32
  *  ----------------------------------------------------------
- *  total                                                 488
+ *  total                                                 504
  *
  * We include some slack space in case the calculation isn't quite right or we
  * add another field and forget to adjust this value.
  */
 #define ODPUTIL_FLOW_KEY_BYTES 512
-BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
 /* A buffer with sufficient size and alignment to hold an nlattr-formatted flow
  * key.  An array of "struct nlattr" might not, in theory, be sufficiently
@@ -166,6 +168,10 @@  struct odp_support {
 
     /* If this is true, then recirculation fields will always be serialised. */
     bool recirc;
+
+    /* If true, serialise the corresponding OVS_KEY_ATTR_CONN_* field. */
+    bool ct_state;
+    bool ct_zone;
 };
 
 struct odp_flow_key_parms {
diff --git a/lib/ofp-actions.c b/lib/ofp-actions.c
index 88f0f85..17bbd2c 100644
--- a/lib/ofp-actions.c
+++ b/lib/ofp-actions.c
@@ -286,6 +286,9 @@  enum ofp_raw_action_type {
     /* NX1.0+(34): struct nx_action_conjunction. */
     NXAST_RAW_CONJUNCTION,
 
+    /* NX1.0+(35): struct nx_action_conntrack, ... */
+    NXAST_RAW_CT,
+
 /* ## ------------------ ## */
 /* ## Debugging actions. ## */
 /* ## ------------------ ## */
@@ -346,6 +349,10 @@  static void *ofpact_put_raw(struct ofpbuf *, enum ofp_version,
 static char *OVS_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ofpacts_parse(
     char *str, struct ofpbuf *ofpacts, enum ofputil_protocol *usable_protocols,
     bool allow_instructions, enum ofpact_type outer_action);
+static enum ofperr ofpacts_pull_openflow_actions__(
+    struct ofpbuf *openflow, unsigned int actions_len,
+    enum ofp_version version, uint32_t allowed_ovsinsts,
+    struct ofpbuf *ofpacts, enum ofpact_type outer_action);
 
 /* Pull off existing actions or instructions. Used by nesting actions to keep
  * ofpacts_parse() oblivious of actions nesting.
@@ -4455,6 +4462,245 @@  format_DEBUG_RECIRC(const struct ofpact_null *a OVS_UNUSED, struct ds *s)
 {
     ds_put_cstr(s, "debug_recirc");
 }
+
+/* Action structure for NXAST_CT.
+ *
+ * Pass traffic to the connection tracker.
+ *
+ * There are two important concepts to understanding the connection tracking
+ * interface: Packet state and Connection state. Packets may be "Untracked" or
+ * "Tracked". Connections may be "Uncommitted" or "Committed".
+ *
+ *   - Packet State:
+ *
+ *      Untracked packets have not yet passed through the connection tracker,
+ *      and the connection state for such packets is unknown. In most cases,
+ *      packets entering the OpenFlow pipeline will initially be in the
+ *      untracked state. Untracked packets may become tracked by executing
+ *      NXAST_CT with a "recirc_table" specified. This makes various aspects
+ *      about the connection available, in particular the connection state.
+ *
+ *      Tracked packets have previously passed through the connection tracker.
+ *      These packets will remain tracked through until the end of the OpenFlow
+ *      pipeline. Tracked packets which have NXAST_CT executed with a
+ *      "recirc_table" specified will return to the tracked state.
+ *
+ *      The packet state is only significant for the duration of packet
+ *      processing within the OpenFlow pipeline.
+ *
+ *   - Connection State:
+ *
+ *      Multiple packets may be associated with a single connection. Initially,
+ *      all connections are uncommitted. The connection state corresponding to
+ *      a packet is available in the NXM_NX_CT_STATE field for tracked packets.
+ *
+ *      Uncommitted connections have no state stored about them. Uncommitted
+ *      connections may transition into the committed state by executing
+ *      NXAST_CT with the NX_CT_F_COMMIT flag.
+ *
+ *      Once a connection becomes committed, information may be gathered about
+ *      the connection by passing subsequent packets through the connection
+ *      tracker, and the state of the connection will be stored beyond the
+ *      lifetime of packet processing.
+ *
+ *      Connections may transition back into the uncommitted state due to
+ *      external timers, or due to the contents of packets that are sent to the
+ *      connection tracker. This behaviour is outside of the scope of the
+ *      OpenFlow interface.
+ *
+ * The "zone" specifies a context within which the tracking is done:
+ *
+ *      The connection tracking zone is a 16-bit number. Each zone is an
+ *      independent connection tracking context. The connection state for each
+ *      connection is completely separate for each zone, so if a connection
+ *      is committed to zone A, then it will remain uncommitted in zone B.
+ *      If NXAST_CT is executed with the same zone multiple times, later
+ *      executions have no effect.
+ *
+ *      If 'zone_src' is nonzero, this specifies that the zone should be
+ *      sourced from a field zone_src[ofs:ofs+nbits]. The format and semantics
+ *      of 'zone_src' and 'zone_ofs_nbits' are similar to those for the
+ *      NXAST_REG_LOAD action. The acceptable nxm_header values for 'zone_src'
+ *      are the same as the acceptable nxm_header values for the 'src' field of
+ *      NXAST_REG_MOVE.
+ *
+ *      If 'zone_src' is zero, then the value of 'zone_imm' will be used as the
+ *      connection tracking zone.
+ *
+ * The "recirc_table" allows NXM_NX_CT_* fields to become available:
+ *
+ *      If "recirc_table" has a value other than NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE, then the
+ *      packet will be logically cloned prior to executing this action. One
+ *      copy will be sent to the connection tracker, then will be re-injected
+ *      into the OpenFlow pipeline beginning at the OpenFlow table specified in
+ *      this field. When the packet re-enters the pipeline, the NXM_NX_CT_*
+ *      fields will be populated. The original instance of the packet will
+ *      continue the current actions list. This can be thought of as similar to
+ *      the effect of the "output" action: One copy is sent out (in this case,
+ *      to the connection tracker), but the current copy continues processing.
+ *
+ *      It is strongly recommended that this table is later than the current
+ *      table, to prevent loops.
+ */
+struct nx_action_conntrack {
+    ovs_be16 type;              /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
+    ovs_be16 len;               /* At least 24. */
+    ovs_be32 vendor;            /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
+    ovs_be16 subtype;           /* NXAST_CT. */
+    ovs_be16 flags;             /* Zero or more NX_CT_F_* flags.
+                                 * Unspecified flag bits must be zero. */
+    ovs_be32 zone_src;          /* Connection tracking context. */
+    union {
+        ovs_be16 zone_ofs_nbits;/* Range to use from source field. */
+        ovs_be16 zone_imm;      /* Immediate value for zone. */
+    };
+    uint8_t recirc_table;       /* Recirculate to a specific table, or
+                                   NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE for no recirculation. */
+    uint8_t pad[5];             /* Zeroes */
+};
+OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_conntrack) == 24);
+
+static enum ofperr
+decode_ct_zone(const struct nx_action_conntrack *nac,
+               struct ofpact_conntrack *out)
+{
+    if (nac->zone_src) {
+        enum ofperr error;
+
+        out->zone_src.field = mf_from_nxm_header(ntohl(nac->zone_src));
+        out->zone_src.ofs = nxm_decode_ofs(nac->zone_ofs_nbits);
+        out->zone_src.n_bits = nxm_decode_n_bits(nac->zone_ofs_nbits);
+        error = mf_check_src(&out->zone_src, NULL);
+        if (error) {
+            return error;
+        }
+
+        if (out->zone_src.n_bits != 16) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "zone n_bits %d not within valid range [16..16]",
+                         out->zone_src.n_bits);
+            return OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_SET_LEN;
+        }
+    } else {
+        out->zone_src.field = NULL;
+        out->zone_imm = ntohs(nac->zone_imm);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static enum ofperr
+decode_NXAST_RAW_CT(const struct nx_action_conntrack *nac, struct ofpbuf *out)
+{
+    struct ofpact_conntrack *conntrack;
+    int error = 0;
+
+    conntrack = ofpact_put_CT(out);
+    conntrack->flags = ntohs(nac->flags);
+    error = decode_ct_zone(nac, conntrack);
+    if (error) {
+        goto out;
+    }
+    conntrack->recirc_table = nac->recirc_table;
+
+out:
+    return error;
+}
+
+static void
+encode_CT(const struct ofpact_conntrack *conntrack,
+          enum ofp_version ofp_version OVS_UNUSED, struct ofpbuf *out)
+{
+    struct nx_action_conntrack *nac;
+
+    nac = put_NXAST_CT(out);
+    nac->flags = htons(conntrack->flags);
+    if (conntrack->zone_src.field) {
+        nac->zone_src = htonl(mf_nxm_header(conntrack->zone_src.field->id));
+        nac->zone_ofs_nbits = nxm_encode_ofs_nbits(conntrack->zone_src.ofs,
+                                                   conntrack->zone_src.n_bits);
+    } else {
+        nac->zone_src = htonl(0);
+        nac->zone_imm = htons(conntrack->zone_imm);
+    }
+    nac->recirc_table = conntrack->recirc_table;
+}
+
+/* Parses 'arg' as the argument to a "ct" action, and appends such an
+ * action to 'ofpacts'.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if successful, otherwise a malloc()'d string describing the
+ * error.  The caller is responsible for freeing the returned string. */
+static char * OVS_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+parse_CT(char *arg, struct ofpbuf *ofpacts,
+         enum ofputil_protocol *usable_protocols OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+    struct ofpact_conntrack *oc;
+    char *error = NULL;
+    char *key, *value;
+
+    oc = ofpact_put_CT(ofpacts);
+    oc->flags = 0;
+    oc->recirc_table = NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE;
+    while (ofputil_parse_key_value(&arg, &key, &value)) {
+        if (!strcmp(key, "commit")) {
+            oc->flags |= NX_CT_F_COMMIT;
+        } else if (!strcmp(key, "table")) {
+            error = str_to_u8(value, "recirc_table", &oc->recirc_table);
+        } else if (!strcmp(key, "zone")) {
+            error = str_to_u16(value, "zone", &oc->zone_imm);
+
+            if (error) {
+                free(error);
+                error = mf_parse_subfield(&oc->zone_src, value);
+                if (error) {
+                    return error;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            error = xasprintf("invalid argument to \"ct\" action: `%s'", key);
+        }
+        if (error) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+static void
+append_comma(struct ds *s, bool *first)
+{
+    if (*first) {
+        *first = false;
+    } else {
+        ds_put_char(s, ',');
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+format_CT(const struct ofpact_conntrack *a, struct ds *s)
+{
+    bool first = true;
+
+    ds_put_cstr(s, "ct(");
+    if (a->flags & NX_CT_F_COMMIT) {
+        append_comma(s, &first);
+        ds_put_cstr(s, "commit");
+    }
+    if (a->recirc_table != NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE) {
+        append_comma(s, &first);
+        ds_put_format(s, "table=%"PRIu8, a->recirc_table);
+    }
+    if (a->zone_src.field) {
+        append_comma(s, &first);
+        ds_put_format(s, "zone=");
+        mf_format_subfield(&a->zone_src, s);
+    } else if (a->zone_imm) {
+        append_comma(s, &first);
+        ds_put_format(s, "zone=%"PRIu16, a->zone_imm);
+    }
+    ds_put_char(s, ')');
+}
 
 /* Meter instruction. */
 
@@ -4834,6 +5080,7 @@  ofpact_is_set_or_move_action(const struct ofpact *a)
         return true;
     case OFPACT_BUNDLE:
     case OFPACT_CLEAR_ACTIONS:
+    case OFPACT_CT:
     case OFPACT_CONTROLLER:
     case OFPACT_DEC_MPLS_TTL:
     case OFPACT_DEC_TTL:
@@ -4908,6 +5155,7 @@  ofpact_is_allowed_in_actions_set(const struct ofpact *a)
      * in the action set is undefined. */
     case OFPACT_BUNDLE:
     case OFPACT_CONTROLLER:
+    case OFPACT_CT:
     case OFPACT_ENQUEUE:
     case OFPACT_EXIT:
     case OFPACT_UNROLL_XLATE:
@@ -5137,6 +5385,7 @@  ovs_instruction_type_from_ofpact_type(enum ofpact_type type)
     case OFPACT_UNROLL_XLATE:
     case OFPACT_SAMPLE:
     case OFPACT_DEBUG_RECIRC:
+    case OFPACT_CT:
     default:
         return OVSINST_OFPIT11_APPLY_ACTIONS;
     }
@@ -5693,6 +5942,16 @@  ofpact_check__(enum ofputil_protocol *usable_protocols, struct ofpact *a,
     case OFPACT_SAMPLE:
         return 0;
 
+    case OFPACT_CT: {
+        struct ofpact_conntrack *oc = ofpact_get_CT(a);
+
+        if (!dl_type_is_ip_any(flow->dl_type)
+            || (flow->ct_state & CS_INVALID && oc->flags & NX_CT_F_COMMIT)) {
+            inconsistent_match(usable_protocols);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     case OFPACT_CLEAR_ACTIONS:
         return 0;
 
@@ -6162,6 +6421,7 @@  ofpact_outputs_to_port(const struct ofpact *ofpact, ofp_port_t port)
     case OFPACT_METER:
     case OFPACT_GROUP:
     case OFPACT_DEBUG_RECIRC:
+    case OFPACT_CT:
     default:
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/lib/ofp-actions.h b/lib/ofp-actions.h
index 51b2963..abe2469 100644
--- a/lib/ofp-actions.h
+++ b/lib/ofp-actions.h
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ 
     OFPACT(EXIT,            ofpact_null,        ofpact, "exit")         \
     OFPACT(SAMPLE,          ofpact_sample,      ofpact, "sample")       \
     OFPACT(UNROLL_XLATE,    ofpact_unroll_xlate, ofpact, "unroll_xlate") \
+    OFPACT(CT,              ofpact_conntrack,   ofpact, "ct")           \
                                                                         \
     /* Debugging actions.                                               \
      *                                                                  \
@@ -471,6 +472,30 @@  BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(offsetof(struct ofpact_nest, actions) % OFPACT_ALIGNTO == 0);
 BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(offsetof(struct ofpact_nest, actions)
                   == sizeof(struct ofpact_nest));
 
+/* Bits for 'flags' in struct nx_action_conntrack.
+ *
+ * If NX_CT_F_COMMIT is set, then the connection entry is moved from the
+ * unconfirmed to confirmed list in the tracker. */
+enum nx_conntrack_flags {
+    NX_CT_F_COMMIT = 1 << 0,
+};
+
+/* Magic value for struct nx_action_conntrack 'recirc_table' field, to specify
+ * that the packet should not be recirculated. This value should commonly be
+ * used in conjunction with the NX_CT_F_COMMIT flag above. */
+#define NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE OFPTT_ALL
+
+/* OFPACT_CT.
+ *
+ * Used for NXAST_CT. */
+struct ofpact_conntrack {
+    struct ofpact ofpact;
+    uint16_t flags;
+    uint16_t zone_imm;
+    struct mf_subfield zone_src;
+    uint8_t recirc_table;
+};
+
 static inline size_t
 ofpact_nest_get_action_len(const struct ofpact_nest *on)
 {
diff --git a/lib/ofp-util.c b/lib/ofp-util.c
index d90cca8..f4f4b62 100644
--- a/lib/ofp-util.c
+++ b/lib/ofp-util.c
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@  ofputil_netmask_to_wcbits(ovs_be32 netmask)
 void
 ofputil_wildcard_from_ofpfw10(uint32_t ofpfw, struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
     /* Initialize most of wc. */
     flow_wildcards_init_catchall(wc);
diff --git a/lib/packets.c b/lib/packets.c
index a4d7854..d80f0b2 100644
--- a/lib/packets.c
+++ b/lib/packets.c
@@ -1062,3 +1062,24 @@  packet_csum_pseudoheader(const struct ip_header *ip)
 
     return partial;
 }
+
+const char *
+packet_ct_state_to_string(uint32_t flag)
+{
+    switch (flag) {
+    case CS_REPLY_DIR:
+        return "rpl";
+    case CS_TRACKED:
+        return "trk";
+    case CS_NEW:
+        return "new";
+    case CS_ESTABLISHED:
+        return "est";
+    case CS_RELATED:
+        return "rel";
+    case CS_INVALID:
+        return "inv";
+    default:
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lib/packets.h b/lib/packets.h
index 4fb1427..6e71033 100644
--- a/lib/packets.h
+++ b/lib/packets.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ 
 #include "compiler.h"
 #include "geneve.h"
 #include "openvswitch/types.h"
+#include "odp-netlink.h"
 #include "random.h"
 #include "hash.h"
 #include "tun-metadata.h"
@@ -126,6 +127,8 @@  struct pkt_metadata {
     uint32_t skb_priority;      /* Packet priority for QoS. */
     uint32_t pkt_mark;          /* Packet mark. */
     union flow_in_port in_port; /* Input port. */
+    uint16_t ct_state;          /* Connection state. */
+    uint16_t ct_zone;           /* Connection zone. */
     struct flow_tnl tunnel;     /* Encapsulating tunnel parameters. Note that
                                  * if 'ip_dst' == 0, the rest of the fields may
                                  * be uninitialized. */
@@ -134,13 +137,18 @@  struct pkt_metadata {
 static inline void
 pkt_metadata_init(struct pkt_metadata *md, odp_port_t port)
 {
-    /* It can be expensive to zero out all of the tunnel metadata. However,
-     * we can just zero out ip_dst and the rest of the data will never be
-     * looked at. */
-    memset(md, 0, offsetof(struct pkt_metadata, tunnel));
-    md->tunnel.ip_dst = 0;
+    /* It can be expensive to zero out all metadata. Therefore:
+     *
+     * - We can just zero out 'tunnel.ip_dst' and the rest of the 'tunnel'
+     *   field will never be looked at.
+     * - We can just zero out 'ct_state' and the rest of the 'ct_*' members
+     *   will never be looked at. */
+    memset(md, 0, offsetof(struct pkt_metadata, in_port));
 
     md->in_port.odp_port = port;
+
+    md->ct_state = 0;
+    md->tunnel.ip_dst = 0;
 }
 
 bool dpid_from_string(const char *s, uint64_t *dpidp);
@@ -710,6 +718,24 @@  struct tcp_header {
 };
 BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(TCP_HEADER_LEN == sizeof(struct tcp_header));
 
+/* Connection states */
+#define CS_NEW               0x01
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(CS_NEW == OVS_CS_F_NEW);
+#define CS_ESTABLISHED       0x02
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(CS_ESTABLISHED == OVS_CS_F_ESTABLISHED);
+#define CS_RELATED           0x04
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(CS_RELATED == OVS_CS_F_RELATED);
+#define CS_INVALID           0x20
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(CS_INVALID == OVS_CS_F_INVALID);
+#define CS_REPLY_DIR         0x40
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(CS_REPLY_DIR == OVS_CS_F_REPLY_DIR);
+#define CS_TRACKED           0x80
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(CS_TRACKED == OVS_CS_F_TRACKED);
+
+/* Undefined connection state bits. */
+#define CS_UNSUPPORTED_MASK  0x18
+#define CS_SUPPORTED_MASK    (~CS_UNSUPPORTED_MASK & 0xFFFF)
+
 #define ARP_HRD_ETHERNET 1
 #define ARP_PRO_IP 0x0800
 #define ARP_OP_REQUEST 1
@@ -937,4 +963,6 @@  void compose_arp(struct dp_packet *, uint16_t arp_op,
                  ovs_be32 arp_spa, ovs_be32 arp_tpa);
 uint32_t packet_csum_pseudoheader(const struct ip_header *);
 
+const char *packet_ct_state_to_string(uint32_t flag);
+
 #endif /* packets.h */
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.c
index 5a02bb0..3e99128 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.c
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@  recirc_metadata_hash(const struct recirc_state *state)
                             flow_tnl_size(state->metadata.tunnel)
                             / sizeof(uint64_t), hash);
     }
+    hash = hash_boolean(state->conntracked, hash);
     hash = hash_words64((const uint64_t *) &state->metadata.metadata,
                         (sizeof state->metadata - sizeof state->metadata.tunnel)
                         / sizeof(uint64_t),
@@ -168,6 +169,7 @@  recirc_metadata_equal(const struct recirc_state *a,
                  (!b->stack || !b->stack->size))
                 || (a->stack && b->stack && ofpbuf_equal(a->stack, b->stack)))
             && a->mirrors == b->mirrors
+            && a->conntracked == b->conntracked
             && a->action_set_len == b->action_set_len
             && ofpacts_equal(a->ofpacts, a->ofpacts_len,
                              b->ofpacts, b->ofpacts_len));
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.h b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.h
index e7d95bf..6ac5fef 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.h
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-rid.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@  struct rule;
 /* Metadata for restoring pipeline context after recirculation.  Helpers
  * are inlined below to keep them together with the definition for easier
  * updates. */
-BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
 
 struct recirc_metadata {
     /* Metadata in struct flow. */
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@  struct recirc_state {
     struct recirc_metadata metadata; /* Flow metadata. */
     struct ofpbuf *stack;         /* Stack if any. */
     mirror_mask_t mirrors;        /* Mirrors already output. */
+    bool conntracked;             /* Conntrack occurred prior to recirc. */
 
     /* Actions to be translated on recirculation. */
     uint32_t action_set_len;      /* How much of 'ofpacts' consists of an
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-sflow.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-sflow.c
index d479997..b57c84b 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-sflow.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-sflow.c
@@ -1029,6 +1029,8 @@  sflow_read_set_action(const struct nlattr *attr,
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ICMPV6:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ARP:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_ND:
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_STATE:
+    case OVS_KEY_ATTR_CT_ZONE:
     case OVS_KEY_ATTR_UNSPEC:
     case __OVS_KEY_ATTR_MAX:
     default:
@@ -1137,6 +1139,7 @@  dpif_sflow_read_actions(const struct flow *flow,
 	case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_USERSPACE:
 	case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_RECIRC:
 	case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_HASH:
+        case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
 	    break;
 
 	case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET_MASKED:
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-xlate.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-xlate.c
index 81838be..3d1958e 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-xlate.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-xlate.c
@@ -300,6 +300,11 @@  struct xlate_ctx {
      * the MPLS label stack that was originally present. */
     bool was_mpls;
 
+    /* True if conntrack has been performed on this packet during processing
+     * on the current bridge. This is used to determine whether conntrack
+     * state from the datapath should be honored after recirculation. */
+    bool conntracked;
+
     /* OpenFlow 1.1+ action set.
      *
      * 'action_set' accumulates "struct ofpact"s added by OFPACT_WRITE_ACTIONS.
@@ -2798,6 +2803,13 @@  xlate_commit_actions(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 }
 
 static void
+clear_conntrack(struct flow *flow)
+{
+    flow->ct_state = 0;
+    flow->ct_zone = 0;
+}
+
+static void
 compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ofp_port_t ofp_port,
                         const struct xlate_bond_recirc *xr, bool check_stp)
 {
@@ -2814,7 +2826,7 @@  compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ofp_port_t ofp_port,
 
     /* If 'struct flow' gets additional metadata, we'll need to zero it out
      * before traversing a patch port. */
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 33);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 34);
     memset(&flow_tnl, 0, sizeof flow_tnl);
 
     if (!xport) {
@@ -2852,6 +2864,7 @@  compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ofp_port_t ofp_port,
     if (xport->peer) {
         const struct xport *peer = xport->peer;
         struct flow old_flow = ctx->xin->flow;
+        bool old_conntrack = ctx->conntracked;
         bool old_was_mpls = ctx->was_mpls;
         cls_version_t old_version = ctx->tables_version;
         struct ofpbuf old_stack = ctx->stack;
@@ -2867,6 +2880,8 @@  compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ofp_port_t ofp_port,
         memset(&flow->tunnel, 0, sizeof flow->tunnel);
         memset(flow->regs, 0, sizeof flow->regs);
         flow->actset_output = OFPP_UNSET;
+        ctx->conntracked = false;
+        clear_conntrack(flow);
 
         /* The bridge is now known so obtain its table version. */
         ctx->tables_version
@@ -2921,6 +2936,10 @@  compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ofp_port_t ofp_port,
          * bridge. */
         ctx->was_mpls = old_was_mpls;
 
+        /* The peer bridge's conntrack execution should have no effect on the
+         * original bridge. */
+        ctx->conntracked = old_conntrack;
+
         /* The fact that the peer bridge exits (for any reason) does not mean
          * that the original bridge should exit.  Specifically, if the peer
          * bridge recirculates (which typically modifies the packet), the
@@ -3509,24 +3528,23 @@  execute_controller_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
     dp_packet_delete(packet);
 }
 
-/* Called only when ctx->recirc_action_offset is set. */
 static void
-compose_recirculate_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
+compose_recirculate_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint8_t table)
 {
     struct recirc_metadata md;
     uint32_t id;
 
-    xlate_commit_actions(ctx);
     recirc_metadata_from_flow(&md, &ctx->xin->flow);
 
     ovs_assert(ctx->recirc_action_offset >= 0);
 
     struct recirc_state state = {
-        .table_id = 0,
+        .table_id = table,
         .ofproto = ctx->xbridge->ofproto,
         .metadata = md,
         .stack = &ctx->stack,
         .mirrors = ctx->mirrors,
+        .conntracked = ctx->conntracked,
         .action_set_len = ctx->recirc_action_offset,
         .ofpacts_len = ctx->action_set.size,
         .ofpacts = ctx->action_set.data,
@@ -3563,6 +3581,14 @@  compose_recirculate_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
     ctx->last_unroll_offset = -1;
 }
 
+/* Called only when ctx->recirc_action_offset is set. */
+static void
+compose_recirculate_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
+{
+    xlate_commit_actions(ctx);
+    compose_recirculate_action__(ctx, 0);
+}
+
 static void
 compose_mpls_push_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_push_mpls *mpls)
 {
@@ -4096,6 +4122,7 @@  recirc_unroll_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
         case OFPACT_METER:
         case OFPACT_SAMPLE:
         case OFPACT_DEBUG_RECIRC:
+        case OFPACT_CT:
             break;
 
             /* These need not be copied for restoration. */
@@ -4119,6 +4146,43 @@  recirc_unroll_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
     }
 
 static void
+compose_conntrack_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_conntrack *ofc)
+{
+    uint32_t flags = 0;
+    size_t ct_offset;
+    uint16_t zone;
+
+    /* Ensure that any prior actions are applied before composing the new
+     * conntrack action. */
+    xlate_commit_actions(ctx);
+
+    if (ofc->flags & NX_CT_F_COMMIT) {
+        flags |= OVS_CT_F_COMMIT;
+    }
+    if (ofc->zone_src.field) {
+        zone = mf_get_subfield(&ofc->zone_src, &ctx->xin->flow) & 0xFF;
+    } else {
+        zone = ofc->zone_imm;
+    }
+
+    ct_offset = nl_msg_start_nested(ctx->odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT);
+    nl_msg_put_u32(ctx->odp_actions, OVS_CT_ATTR_FLAGS, flags);
+    nl_msg_put_u16(ctx->odp_actions, OVS_CT_ATTR_ZONE, zone);
+    nl_msg_end_nested(ctx->odp_actions, ct_offset);
+
+    if (ofc->recirc_table == NX_CT_RECIRC_NONE) {
+        /* If we do not recirculate as part of this action, hide the results of
+         * connection tracking from subsequent recirculations. */
+        ctx->conntracked = false;
+    } else {
+        /* Use ct_* fields from datapath during recirculation upcall. */
+        ctx->conntracked = true;
+        ctx_trigger_recirculation(ctx);
+        compose_recirculate_action__(ctx, ofc->recirc_table);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
 do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
                  struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
@@ -4482,6 +4546,11 @@  do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             xlate_sample_action(ctx, ofpact_get_SAMPLE(a));
             break;
 
+        case OFPACT_CT:
+            CHECK_MPLS_RECIRCULATION();
+            compose_conntrack_action(ctx, ofpact_get_CT(a));
+            break;
+
         case OFPACT_DEBUG_RECIRC:
             ctx_trigger_recirculation(ctx);
             a = ofpact_next(a);
@@ -4786,6 +4855,7 @@  xlate_actions(struct xlate_in *xin, struct xlate_out *xout)
         .last_unroll_offset = -1,
 
         .was_mpls = false,
+        .conntracked = false,
 
         .action_set_has_group = false,
         .action_set = OFPBUF_STUB_INITIALIZER(action_set_stub),
@@ -4855,6 +4925,10 @@  xlate_actions(struct xlate_in *xin, struct xlate_out *xout)
         ctx.table_id = state->table_id;
         xlate_report(&ctx, "- Resuming from table %"PRIu8, ctx.table_id);
 
+        if (!state->conntracked) {
+            clear_conntrack(flow);
+        }
+
         /* Restore pipeline metadata. May change flow's in_port and other
          * metadata to the values that existed when recirculation was
          * triggered. */
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c
index 1279907..ba85727 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c
@@ -1228,6 +1228,45 @@  check_masked_set_action(struct dpif_backer *backer)
     return !error;
 }
 
+#define CHECK_FEATURE__(NAME, FIELD)                                        \
+static bool                                                                 \
+check_##NAME(struct dpif_backer *backer)                                    \
+{                                                                           \
+    struct flow flow;                                                       \
+    struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;                                           \
+    struct ofpbuf key;                                                      \
+    bool enable;                                                            \
+    struct odp_flow_key_parms odp_parms = {                                 \
+        .flow = &flow,                                                      \
+        .support = {                                                        \
+            .NAME = true,                                                   \
+        },                                                                  \
+    };                                                                      \
+                                                                            \
+    memset(&flow, 0, sizeof flow);                                          \
+    flow.FIELD = 1;                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+    ofpbuf_use_stack(&key, &keybuf, sizeof keybuf);                         \
+    odp_flow_key_from_flow(&odp_parms, &key);                               \
+    enable = dpif_probe_feature(backer->dpif, #NAME, &key, NULL);           \
+                                                                            \
+    if (enable) {                                                           \
+        VLOG_INFO("%s: Datapath supports "#NAME, dpif_name(backer->dpif));  \
+    } else {                                                                \
+        VLOG_INFO("%s: Datapath does not support "#NAME,                    \
+                  dpif_name(backer->dpif));                                 \
+    }                                                                       \
+                                                                            \
+    return enable;                                                          \
+}
+#define CHECK_FEATURE(FIELD) CHECK_FEATURE__(FIELD, FIELD)
+
+CHECK_FEATURE(ct_state)
+CHECK_FEATURE(ct_zone)
+
+#undef CHECK_FEATURE
+#undef CHECK_FEATURE__
+
 static void
 check_support(struct dpif_backer *backer)
 {
@@ -1239,6 +1278,9 @@  check_support(struct dpif_backer *backer)
     backer->support.masked_set_action = check_masked_set_action(backer);
     backer->support.ufid = check_ufid(backer);
     backer->support.tnl_push_pop = dpif_supports_tnl_push_pop(backer->dpif);
+
+    backer->support.odp.ct_state = check_ct_state(backer);
+    backer->support.odp.ct_zone = check_ct_zone(backer);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -3935,10 +3977,40 @@  rule_dealloc(struct rule *rule_)
 }
 
 static enum ofperr
+rule_check(struct rule *rule)
+{
+    uint16_t ct_state_mask, ct_zone_mask;
+
+    ct_state_mask = MINIFLOW_GET_U16(&rule->cr.match.mask->masks, ct_state);
+    ct_zone_mask = MINIFLOW_GET_U16(&rule->cr.match.mask->masks, ct_zone);
+
+    if (ct_state_mask || ct_zone_mask) {
+        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->ofproto);
+        const struct odp_support *support = &ofproto_dpif_get_support(ofproto)->odp;
+
+        if ((ct_state_mask && !support->ct_state)
+            || (ct_zone_mask && !support->ct_zone)) {
+            return OFPERR_OFPBMC_BAD_FIELD;
+        }
+        if (ct_state_mask & CS_UNSUPPORTED_MASK) {
+            return OFPERR_OFPBMC_BAD_MASK;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static enum ofperr
 rule_construct(struct rule *rule_)
     OVS_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS
 {
     struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_cast(rule_);
+    int error;
+
+    error = rule_check(rule_);
+    if (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
     ovs_mutex_init_adaptive(&rule->stats_mutex);
     rule->stats.n_packets = 0;
     rule->stats.n_bytes = 0;
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-unixctl.man b/ofproto/ofproto-unixctl.man
index 89013d9..892f6fc 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-unixctl.man
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-unixctl.man
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@  only metadata. The metadata can be:
 Packet QoS priority.
 .IP \fIpkt_mark\fR
 Mark of the packet.
+.IP \fIct_state\fR
+Connection state of the packet.
+.IP \fIct_zone\fR
+Connection tracking zone for packet.
 .IP \fItun_id\fR
 The tunnel ID on which the packet arrived.
 .IP \fIin_port\fR
diff --git a/tests/atlocal.in b/tests/atlocal.in
index 5946a3c..8e9fd9b 100644
--- a/tests/atlocal.in
+++ b/tests/atlocal.in
@@ -110,3 +110,10 @@  fi
 if test "$IS_WIN32" = "yes"; then
     HAVE_PYTHON="no"
 fi
+
+# Conntrack test requirements
+if test x`which conntrack` != x; then
+    HAVE_CONNTRACK="yes"
+else
+    HAVE_CONNTRACK="no"
+fi
diff --git a/tests/automake.mk b/tests/automake.mk
index 4198039..cef67c0 100644
--- a/tests/automake.mk
+++ b/tests/automake.mk
@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@  CHECK_PYFILES = \
 	tests/test-daemon.py \
 	tests/test-json.py \
 	tests/test-jsonrpc.py \
+	tests/test-l7.py \
 	tests/test-ovsdb.py \
 	tests/test-reconnect.py \
 	tests/MockXenAPI.py \
diff --git a/tests/dpif-netdev.at b/tests/dpif-netdev.at
index e9af63f..43108e7 100644
--- a/tests/dpif-netdev.at
+++ b/tests/dpif-netdev.at
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@  AT_CHECK([cat ovs-vswitchd.log | grep -A 1 'miss upcall' | tail -n 1], [0], [dnl
 skb_priority(0),skb_mark(0),recirc_id(0),dp_hash(0),in_port(1),eth(src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(src=10.0.0.2,dst=10.0.0.1,proto=1,tos=0,ttl=64,frag=no),icmp(type=8,code=0)
 ])
 AT_CHECK([cat ovs-vswitchd.log | FILTER_FLOW_INSTALL | STRIP_XOUT], [0], [dnl
-pkt_mark=0,recirc_id=0,dp_hash=0,skb_priority=0,icmp,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_src=10.0.0.2,nw_dst=10.0.0.1,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0, actions: <del>
+pkt_mark=0,recirc_id=0,dp_hash=0,skb_priority=0,ct_state=0,ct_zone=0,icmp,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_src=10.0.0.2,nw_dst=10.0.0.1,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0, actions: <del>
 recirc_id=0,ip,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000/0x1fff,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_frag=no, actions: <del>
 ])
 
diff --git a/tests/odp.at b/tests/odp.at
index 61edde3..74d44ff 100644
--- a/tests/odp.at
+++ b/tests/odp.at
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@  sed '/bos=0/{
 s/^/ODP_FIT_TOO_LITTLE: /
 }' < odp-in.txt > odp-out.txt
 
+dnl Some fields are always printed for this test, because wildcards aren't
+dnl specified. We can skip these.
+sed -i 's/\(skb_mark(0)\),\(ct\)/\1,ct_state(0),ct_zone(0),\2/' odp-out.txt
+sed -i 's/\(skb_mark([[^)]]*)\),\(recirc\)/\1,ct_state(0),ct_zone(0),\2/' odp-out.txt
+
 AT_CHECK_UNQUOTED([ovstest test-odp parse-keys < odp-in.txt], [0], [`cat odp-out.txt`
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
@@ -153,6 +158,10 @@  s/\(eth([[^)]]*)\),*/\1,eth_type(0x8100),vlan(vid=99,pcp=7),encap(/
 s/$/)/' odp-base.txt
 
  echo
+ echo '# Valid forms with conntrack fields.'
+ sed 's/\(eth([[^)]]*),?\)/\1,ct_state(+trk),/' odp-base.txt
+
+ echo
  echo '# Valid forms with IP first fragment.'
 sed -n 's/,frag=no),/,frag=first),/p' odp-base.txt
 
@@ -293,6 +302,9 @@  tnl_push(tnl_port(6),header(size=50,type=4,eth(dst=f8:bc:12:44:34:b6,src=f8:bc:1
 tnl_push(tnl_port(6),header(size=50,type=5,eth(dst=f8:bc:12:44:34:b6,src=f8:bc:12:46:58:e0,dl_type=0x0800),ipv4(src=1.1.2.88,dst=1.1.2.92,proto=17,tos=0,ttl=64,frag=0x40),udp(src=0,dst=6081,csum=0x0),geneve(oam,vni=0x1c7)),out_port(1))
 tnl_push(tnl_port(6),header(size=58,type=5,eth(dst=f8:bc:12:44:34:b6,src=f8:bc:12:46:58:e0,dl_type=0x0800),ipv4(src=1.1.2.88,dst=1.1.2.92,proto=17,tos=0,ttl=64,frag=0x40),udp(src=0,dst=6081,csum=0x0),geneve(crit,vni=0x1c7,options({class=0xffff,type=0x80,len=4,0xa}))),out_port(1))
 tnl_push(tnl_port(6),header(size=50,type=5,eth(dst=f8:bc:12:44:34:b6,src=f8:bc:12:46:58:e0,dl_type=0x0800),ipv4(src=1.1.2.88,dst=1.1.2.92,proto=17,tos=0,ttl=64,frag=0x40),udp(src=0,dst=6081,csum=0xffff),geneve(vni=0x1c7)),out_port(1))
+ct
+ct(commit)
+ct(commit,zone=5)
 ])
 AT_CHECK_UNQUOTED([ovstest test-odp parse-actions < actions.txt], [0],
   [`cat actions.txt`
diff --git a/tests/ofproto-dpif.at b/tests/ofproto-dpif.at
index 93ce5df..bee3ae2 100644
--- a/tests/ofproto-dpif.at
+++ b/tests/ofproto-dpif.at
@@ -6523,8 +6523,8 @@  for i in 1 2 3 4; do
 done
 sleep 1
 AT_CHECK([cat ovs-vswitchd.log | STRIP_UFID | FILTER_FLOW_INSTALL | STRIP_USED], [0], [dnl
-pkt_mark=0,recirc_id=0,dp_hash=0,skb_priority=0,icmp,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_src=10.0.0.2,nw_dst=10.0.0.1,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0, actions:2
-pkt_mark=0,recirc_id=0,dp_hash=0,skb_priority=0,icmp,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:0b,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0c,nw_src=10.0.0.4,nw_dst=10.0.0.3,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0, actions:drop
+pkt_mark=0,recirc_id=0,dp_hash=0,skb_priority=0,ct_state=0,ct_zone=0,icmp,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_src=10.0.0.2,nw_dst=10.0.0.1,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0, actions:2
+pkt_mark=0,recirc_id=0,dp_hash=0,skb_priority=0,ct_state=0,ct_zone=0,icmp,in_port=1,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:0b,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0c,nw_src=10.0.0.4,nw_dst=10.0.0.3,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0, actions:drop
 ])
 AT_CHECK([cat ovs-vswitchd.log | STRIP_UFID | FILTER_FLOW_DUMP | grep 'packets:3'], [0], [dnl
 skb_priority(0),skb_mark(0),recirc_id(0),dp_hash(0),in_port(1),eth(src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(src=10.0.0.2,dst=10.0.0.1,proto=1,tos=0,ttl=64,frag=no),icmp(type=8,code=0), packets:3, bytes:180, used:0.0s, actions:2
diff --git a/tests/ofproto.at b/tests/ofproto.at
index d02a31b..3386ae0 100644
--- a/tests/ofproto.at
+++ b/tests/ofproto.at
@@ -1618,6 +1618,8 @@  metadata in_port in_port_oxm pkt_mark reg0 reg1 reg2 reg3 reg4 reg5 reg6 reg7 xr
       in_port_oxm: exact match or wildcard
       actset_output: exact match or wildcard
       pkt_mark: arbitrary mask
+      ct_state: arbitrary mask
+      ct_zone: exact match or wildcard
       reg0: arbitrary mask
       reg1: arbitrary mask
       reg2: arbitrary mask
diff --git a/tests/system-common-macros.at b/tests/system-common-macros.at
index c5691e7..8f3b318 100644
--- a/tests/system-common-macros.at
+++ b/tests/system-common-macros.at
@@ -118,3 +118,21 @@  m4_define([ADD_NATIVE_TUNNEL],
 # Strip variant pieces from ping output so the output can be reliably compared.
 #
 m4_define([FORMAT_PING], [grep "transmitted" | sed 's/time.*ms$/time 0ms/'])
+
+# FORMAT_CT()
+#
+# Strip content from the piped input which would differ from test to test.
+#
+m4_define([FORMAT_CT],
+    [[grep "dst=$1" | sed -e 's/port=[0-9]*/port=<cleared>/g' -e 's/  */ /g' -e 's/secctx[^ ]* //' | cut -d' ' -f4- | sort | uniq]])
+
+# NETNS_DAEMONIZE([namespace], [command], [pidfile])
+#
+# Run 'command' as a background process within 'namespace' and record its pid
+# to 'pidfile' to allow cleanup on exit.
+#
+m4_define([NETNS_DAEMONIZE],
+   [ip netns exec $1 $2 & echo $! > $3
+     echo "kill \`cat $3\`" >> cleanup
+   ]
+)
diff --git a/tests/system-kmod-macros.at b/tests/system-kmod-macros.at
index 1216db8..a48e8d9 100644
--- a/tests/system-kmod-macros.at
+++ b/tests/system-kmod-macros.at
@@ -43,3 +43,19 @@  m4_define([OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP],
   [OVS_VSWITCHD_STOP([$1])
    AT_CHECK([:; $2])
   ])
+
+# CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+#
+# Perform requirements checks for running conntrack tests, and flush the
+# kernel conntrack tables when the test is finished.
+#
+m4_define([CHECK_CONNTRACK],
+    [AT_SKIP_IF([test $HAVE_CONNTRACK = no])
+     AT_SKIP_IF([test $HAVE_PYTHON = no])
+     m4_foreach([mod], [[nf_conntrack_ipv4], [nf_conntrack_ipv6]],
+                [modprobe mod || echo "Module mod not loaded."
+                 on_exit 'modprobe -r mod'
+                ])
+     on_exit 'conntrack -F'
+    ]
+)
diff --git a/tests/system-traffic.at b/tests/system-traffic.at
index 7dbed68..57283b7 100644
--- a/tests/system-traffic.at
+++ b/tests/system-traffic.at
@@ -139,3 +139,474 @@  NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [ping -s 3200 -q -c 3 -i 0.3 -w 2 10.1.1.100 | FORMAT_PI
 
 OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
 AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - controller])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Only allow nd, return traffic from ns1->ns0.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,udp,action=ct(commit),controller
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,udp,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk+est,udp,action=controller
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+AT_CAPTURE_FILE([ofctl_monitor.log])
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl monitor br0 65534 invalid_ttl --detach --no-chdir --pidfile 2> ofctl_monitor.log])
+
+dnl Send an unsolicited reply from port 2. This should be dropped.
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 packet-out br0 2 ct\(table=0\) '50540000000a50540000000908004500001c00000000001100000a0101020a0101010002000100080000'])
+
+dnl OK, now start a new connection from port 1.
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 packet-out br0 1 ct\(commit\),controller '50540000000a50540000000908004500001c00000000001100000a0101010a0101020001000200080000'])
+
+dnl Now try a reply from port 2.
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 packet-out br0 2 ct\(table=0\) '50540000000a50540000000908004500001c00000000001100000a0101020a0101010002000100080000'])
+
+dnl Check this output. We only see the latter two packets, not the first.
+AT_CHECK([cat ofctl_monitor.log], [0], [dnl
+NXT_PACKET_IN (xid=0x0): total_len=42 in_port=1 (via action) data_len=42 (unbuffered)
+udp,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_src=10.1.1.1,nw_dst=10.1.1.2,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=0,tp_src=1,tp_dst=2 udp_csum:0
+NXT_PACKET_IN (xid=0x0): cookie=0x0 total_len=42 ct_state=est|rpl|trk,in_port=2 (via action) data_len=42 (unbuffered)
+udp,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=50:54:00:00:00:09,dl_dst=50:54:00:00:00:0a,nw_src=10.1.1.2,nw_dst=10.1.1.1,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=0,tp_src=2,tp_dst=1 udp_csum:0
+])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - IPv4 HTTP])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Only allow nd, return traffic from ns1->ns0.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,action=ct(commit),2
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk+est,tcp,action=1
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl Basic connectivity check.
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [ping -q -c 3 -i 0.3 -w 2 10.1.1.2 >/dev/null])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from ns0->ns1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+AT_CHECK([conntrack -L 2>&1 | FORMAT_CT(10.1.1.2)], [0], [dnl
+TIME_WAIT src=10.1.1.1 dst=10.1.1.2 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> src=10.1.1.2 dst=10.1.1.1 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> [[ASSURED]] mark=0 use=1
+])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from ns1->ns0 should fail due to network failure.
+dnl Try 3 times, in 1 second intervals.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns0], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns1], [wget 10.1.1.1 -t 3 -T 1 -v -o wget1.log], [4])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - IPv6 HTTP])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "fc00::1/96")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "fc00::2/96")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Only allow nd, return traffic from ns1->ns0.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,icmp6,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp6,action=ct(commit),2
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,tcp6,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk+est,tcp6,action=1
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl Without this sleep, we get occasional failures due to the following error:
+dnl "connect: Cannot assign requested address"
+sleep 2;
+
+dnl HTTP requests from ns0->ns1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py http6]], [http0.pid])
+
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget http://[[fc00::2]] -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from ns1->ns0 should fail due to network failure.
+dnl Try 3 times, in 1 second intervals.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns0], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py http6]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns1], [wget http://[[fc00::1]] -t 3 -T 1 -v -o wget1.log], [4])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - commit, recirc])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1, at_ns2, at_ns3)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+ADD_VETH(p2, at_ns2, br0, "10.1.1.3/24")
+ADD_VETH(p3, at_ns3, br0, "10.1.1.4/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1, ns2->ns3.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=+trk,action=2
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=+trk,action=1
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=set_field:0->metadata,ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,ct_state=+trk,metadata=0,action=set_field:1->metadata,ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,ct_state=+trk,metadata=1,action=4
+priority=100,in_port=4,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=4,tcp,ct_state=+trk,action=3
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p2->p3 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns3], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns2], [wget 10.1.1.4 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget1.log])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - preserve registers])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1, at_ns2, at_ns3)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+ADD_VETH(p2, at_ns2, br0, "10.1.1.3/24")
+ADD_VETH(p3, at_ns3, br0, "10.1.1.4/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1, ns2->ns3.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=+trk,action=2
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=+trk,action=1
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=load:0->NXM_NX_REG0[[]],ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,ct_state=+trk,reg0=0,action=load:1->NXM_NX_REG0[[]],ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,ct_state=+trk,reg0=1,action=4
+priority=100,in_port=4,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=4,tcp,ct_state=+trk,action=3
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p2->p3 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns3], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns2], [wget 10.1.1.4 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget1.log])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - invalid])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1, at_ns2, at_ns3)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+ADD_VETH(p2, at_ns2, br0, "10.1.1.3/24")
+ADD_VETH(p3, at_ns3, br0, "10.1.1.4/24")
+
+dnl Pass traffic from ns0->ns1 without committing, but attempt to track in
+dnl the opposite direction. This should fail.
+dnl Pass traffic from ns3->ns4 without committing, and this time match
+dnl invalid traffic and allow it through.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,action=ct(),2
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk+new,tcp,action=1
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,action=ct(),4
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=+trk+inv,tcp,action=3
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=+trk+new,tcp,action=3
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl We set up our rules to allow the request without committing. The return
+dnl traffic can't be identified, because the initial request wasn't committed.
+dnl For the first pair of ports, this means that the connection fails.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log], [4])
+
+dnl For the second pair, we allow packets from invalid connections, so it works.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns3], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns2], [wget 10.1.1.4 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget1.log])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - zones])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1, at_ns2, at_ns3)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+ADD_VETH(p2, at_ns2, br0, "10.1.1.3/24")
+ADD_VETH(p3, at_ns3, br0, "10.1.1.4/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Allow return traffic, matching on zone.
+dnl For ns2->ns3, use a different zone and see that the match fails.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,action=ct(commit,zone=1),2
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=0,zone=1)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk,ct_zone=1,tcp,action=1
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,action=ct(commit,zone=2),4
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=0,zone=2)
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=+trk,ct_zone=1,tcp,action=3
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+AT_CHECK([conntrack -L 2>&1 | FORMAT_CT(10.1.1.2)], [0], [dnl
+TIME_WAIT src=10.1.1.1 dst=10.1.1.2 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> src=10.1.1.2 dst=10.1.1.1 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> [[ASSURED]] mark=0 zone=1 use=1
+])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p2->p3 should fail due to network failure.
+dnl Try 3 times, in 1 second intervals.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns3], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns2], [wget 10.1.1.4 -t 3 -T 1 -v -o wget1.log], [4])
+
+AT_CHECK([conntrack -L 2>&1 | FORMAT_CT(10.1.1.4)], [0], [dnl
+SYN_RECV src=10.1.1.3 dst=10.1.1.4 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> src=10.1.1.4 dst=10.1.1.3 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> mark=0 zone=2 use=1
+])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - zones from field])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1, at_ns2, at_ns3)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+ADD_VETH(p2, at_ns2, br0, "10.1.1.3/24")
+ADD_VETH(p3, at_ns3, br0, "10.1.1.4/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Only allow nd, return traffic from ns1->ns0.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,action=load:1->NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]],ct(commit,zone=NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]]),2
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=load:1->NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]],ct(table=0,zone=NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]])
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk,ct_zone=1,tcp,action=1
+priority=100,in_port=3,tcp,action=load:2->NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]],ct(commit,zone=NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]]),4
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=load:2->NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]],ct(table=0,zone=NXM_NX_REG0[[0..15]])
+priority=100,in_port=4,ct_state=+trk,ct_zone=1,tcp,action=3
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+AT_CHECK([conntrack -L 2>&1 | FORMAT_CT(10.1.1.2)], [0], [dnl
+TIME_WAIT src=10.1.1.1 dst=10.1.1.2 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> src=10.1.1.2 dst=10.1.1.1 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> [[ASSURED]] mark=0 zone=1 use=1
+])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p2->p3 should fail due to network failure.
+dnl Try 3 times, in 1 second intervals.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns3], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http1.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns2], [wget 10.1.1.4 -t 3 -T 1 -v -o wget1.log], [4])
+
+AT_CHECK([conntrack -L 2>&1 | FORMAT_CT(10.1.1.4)], [0], [dnl
+SYN_RECV src=10.1.1.3 dst=10.1.1.4 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> src=10.1.1.4 dst=10.1.1.3 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> mark=0 zone=2 use=1
+])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - multiple bridges])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone --\
+    add-br br1 --\
+    add-port br0 patch+ -- set int patch+ type=patch options:peer=patch- --\
+    add-port br1 patch- -- set int patch- type=patch options:peer=patch+ --])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br1, "10.1.1.2/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->br1, allow established in reverse.
+AT_DATA([flows-br0.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(commit,zone=1),1
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(table=0,zone=1)
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=+trk+est,ct_zone=1,action=2
+])
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from br0->ns1, allow established in reverse.
+AT_DATA([flows-br1.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(table=0,zone=2)
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=+trk+new,ct_zone=2,action=ct(commit,zone=2),2
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,ct_state=+trk+est,ct_zone=2,action=2
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(table=0,zone=2)
+priority=100,in_port=2,tcp,ct_state=+trk+est,ct_zone=2,action=ct(commit,zone=2),1
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows-br0.txt])
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br1 flows-br1.txt])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - multiple zones])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "10.1.1.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "10.1.1.2/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Only allow nd, return traffic from ns1->ns0.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=10,icmp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,tcp,action=ct(commit,zone=1),ct(commit,zone=2),2
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,tcp,action=ct(table=0,zone=2)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk,ct_zone=2,tcp,action=1
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+dnl HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NETNS_DAEMONIZE([at_ns1], [[$PYTHON $srcdir/test-l7.py]], [http0.pid])
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+dnl (again) HTTP requests from p0->p1 should work fine.
+NS_CHECK_EXEC([at_ns0], [wget 10.1.1.2 -t 3 -T 1 --retry-connrefused -v -o wget0.log])
+
+AT_CHECK([conntrack -L 2>&1 | FORMAT_CT(10.1.1.2)], [0], [dnl
+SYN_SENT src=10.1.1.1 dst=10.1.1.2 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> [[UNREPLIED]] src=10.1.1.2 dst=10.1.1.1 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> mark=0 zone=1 use=1
+TIME_WAIT src=10.1.1.1 dst=10.1.1.2 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> src=10.1.1.2 dst=10.1.1.1 sport=<cleared> dport=<cleared> [[ASSURED]] mark=0 zone=2 use=1
+])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([conntrack - ICMP related 2])
+CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_START(
+   [set-fail-mode br0 standalone -- ])
+
+ADD_NAMESPACES(at_ns0, at_ns1)
+
+ADD_VETH(p0, at_ns0, br0, "172.16.0.1/24")
+ADD_VETH(p1, at_ns1, br0, "172.16.0.2/24")
+
+dnl Allow any traffic from ns0->ns1. Only allow nd, return traffic from ns1->ns0.
+AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
+priority=1,action=drop
+priority=10,arp,action=normal
+priority=100,in_port=1,ct_state=-trk,udp,action=ct(commit,table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=1,ct_state=+trk,actions=controller
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=-trk,action=ct(table=0)
+priority=100,in_port=2,ct_state=+trk+rel+rpl,action=controller
+])
+
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
+
+AT_CAPTURE_FILE([ofctl_monitor.log])
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl monitor br0 65534 invalid_ttl --detach --no-chdir --pidfile 2> ofctl_monitor.log])
+
+dnl 1. Send an ICMP port unreach reply for port 8738, without any previous request
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 packet-out br0 2 ct\(table=0\) 'f64c473528c9c6f54ecb72db080045c0003d2e8700004001f355ac100004ac1000030303553f0000000045000021317040004011b138ac100003ac10000411112222000d20966369616f0a'])
+
+dnl 2. Send and UDP packet to port 5555
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 packet-out br0 1 ct\(commit,table=0\) 'c6f94ecb72dbe64c473528c9080045000021317040004011b138ac100001ac100002a28e15b3000d20966369616f0a'])
+
+dnl 3. Send an ICMP port unreach reply for port 5555, related to the first packet
+AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 packet-out br0 2 ct\(table=0\) 'e64c473528c9c6f94ecb72db080045c0003d2e8700004001f355ac100002ac1000010303553f0000000045000021317040004011b138ac100001ac100002a28e15b3000d20966369616f0a'])
+
+dnl Check this output. We only see the latter two packets, not the first.
+AT_CHECK([cat ofctl_monitor.log], [0], [dnl
+NXT_PACKET_IN (xid=0x0): cookie=0x0 total_len=47 ct_state=new|trk,in_port=1 (via action) data_len=47 (unbuffered)
+udp,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=e6:4c:47:35:28:c9,dl_dst=c6:f9:4e:cb:72:db,nw_src=172.16.0.1,nw_dst=172.16.0.2,nw_tos=0,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,tp_src=41614,tp_dst=5555 udp_csum:2096
+NXT_PACKET_IN (xid=0x0): cookie=0x0 total_len=75 ct_state=rel|rpl|trk,in_port=2 (via action) data_len=75 (unbuffered)
+icmp,vlan_tci=0x0000,dl_src=c6:f9:4e:cb:72:db,dl_dst=e6:4c:47:35:28:c9,nw_src=172.16.0.2,nw_dst=172.16.0.1,nw_tos=192,nw_ecn=0,nw_ttl=64,icmp_type=3,icmp_code=3 icmp_csum:553f
+])
+
+OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP
+AT_CLEANUP
diff --git a/tests/system-userspace-macros.at b/tests/system-userspace-macros.at
index fca26f7..16256cb 100644
--- a/tests/system-userspace-macros.at
+++ b/tests/system-userspace-macros.at
@@ -37,3 +37,12 @@  m4_define([OVS_TRAFFIC_VSWITCHD_STOP],
 /dpif_netlink.*Generic Netlink family 'ovs_datapath' does not exist. The Open vSwitch kernel module is probably not loaded./d"])
    AT_CHECK([:; $2])
   ])
+
+# CHECK_CONNTRACK()
+#
+# Perform requirements checks for running conntrack tests, and flush the
+# kernel conntrack tables when the test is finished.
+#
+m4_define([CHECK_CONNTRACK],
+    [AT_SKIP_IF(true)]
+)
diff --git a/tests/test-l7.py b/tests/test-l7.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..65c6c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-l7.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ 
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Nicira, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import argparse
+import socket
+
+from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
+from SimpleHTTPServer import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
+from SocketServer import TCPServer
+
+
+class TCPServerV6(HTTPServer):
+    address_family = socket.AF_INET6
+
+
+def get_ftpd():
+    try:
+        from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
+        from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler
+        from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer
+
+        class OVSFTPHandler(FTPHandler):
+            authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
+            authorizer.add_anonymous("/tmp")
+        server = [FTPServer, OVSFTPHandler, 21]
+    except ImportError:
+        server = None
+        pass
+    return server
+
+
+def main():
+    SERVERS = {
+        'http':  [TCPServer,   SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, 80],
+        'http6': [TCPServerV6, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, 80],
+    }
+
+    ftpd = get_ftpd()
+    if ftpd is not None:
+        SERVERS['ftp'] = ftpd
+
+    protocols = [srv for srv in SERVERS]
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+            description='Run basic application servers.')
+    parser.add_argument('proto', default='http', nargs='?',
+            help='protocol to serve (%s)' % protocols)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.proto not in SERVERS:
+        parser.print_help()
+        exit(1)
+
+    constructor = SERVERS[args.proto][0]
+    handler = SERVERS[args.proto][1]
+    port = SERVERS[args.proto][2]
+    srv = constructor(('', port), handler)
+    srv.serve_forever()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/tests/test-odp.c b/tests/test-odp.c
index 3e7939e..0e65ced 100644
--- a/tests/test-odp.c
+++ b/tests/test-odp.c
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@  parse_keys(bool wc_keys)
                 .flow = &flow,
                 .support = {
                     .recirc = true,
+                    .ct_state = true,
+                    .ct_zone = true,
                 },
             };
 
diff --git a/utilities/ovs-ofctl.8.in b/utilities/ovs-ofctl.8.in
index 8bb3715..91708f7 100644
--- a/utilities/ovs-ofctl.8.in
+++ b/utilities/ovs-ofctl.8.in
@@ -1305,6 +1305,65 @@  is used only with the \fBconjunction\fR action (see below).
 .IP
 This field was introduced in Open vSwitch 2.4.
 .
+.IP \fBct_state=\fIflags\fB/\fImask\fR
+.IQ \fBct_state=\fR[\fB+\fIflag\fR...][\fB-\fIflag\fR...]
+Bitwise match on connection state flags.  The flags are only available
+after a call to the \fBct\fR action with the \fBtable\fR specified.
+
+.IP
+The \fIflags\fR and \fImask\fR are 8-bit numbers written in decimal or
+in hexadecimal prefixed by \fB0x\fR.  Each 1-bit in \fImask\fR requires
+that the corresponding bit in \fIflags\fR must match.  Each 0-bit in
+\fImask\fR causes the corresponding bit to be ignored.
+.IP
+Alternatively, the flags can be specified by their symbolic names
+(listed below), each preceded by either \fB+\fR for a flag that must
+be set, or \fB\-\fR for a flag that must be unset, without any other
+delimiters between the flags.  Flags not mentioned are wildcarded.  For
+example, \fBtcp,ct_state=+trk\-new\fR matches TCP packets that
+have been run through the connection tracker and do not establish a new
+flow.
+.IP
+The following flags describe the state of the tracking:
+.RS
+.IP "\fB0x80: trk\fR"
+Connection tracking has occurred.
+.IP "\fB0x40: rpl\fR"
+The flow is in the reply direction, meaning it did not initiate the
+connection.
+.IP "\fB0x20: inv\fR"
+The flow is invalid, meaning that the connection tracker couldn't identify the
+connection.
+.RS
+.PP
+This flag may be set for the following reasons:
+.RS
+L3/L4 protocol handler is not loaded/unavailable. With the Linux kernel
+datapath, this may mean that the "nf_conntrack_ipv4" or "nf_conntrack_ipv6"
+modules are not loaded.
+.PP
+L3/L4 protocol handler determines that the packet is malformed or invalid.
+.PP
+Packets are unexpected length for protocol.
+.RE
+.RE
+.IP "\fB0x01: new\fR"
+This is the beginning of a new connection.
+.IP "\fB0x02: est\fR"
+This is part of an already existing connection.
+.IP "\fB0x04: rel\fR"
+This is a connection that is related to an existing connection, for
+instance ICMP "destination unreachable" messages or FTP data connections.
+.RE
+.
+.PP
+The following fields are data associated with the connection tracker and
+can only be matched or set after running through the connection tracker
+by using the \fBct\fR action.
+.
+.IP \fBct_zone=\fIvalue
+Matches connection zone \fIvalue\fR exactly.
+.
 .PP
 Defining IPv6 flows (those with \fBdl_type\fR equal to 0x86dd) requires
 support for NXM.  The following shorthand notations are available for
@@ -1542,6 +1601,37 @@  OpenFlow implementations do not support queuing at all.
 Restores the queue to the value it was before any \fBset_queue\fR
 actions were applied.
 .
+.IP \fBct\fR
+.IQ \fBct\fB(\fR[\fIargument\fR][\fB,\fIargument\fR...]\fB)
+Send the packet through the connection tracker.  The following arguments
+are supported:
+
+.RS
+.IP \fBcommit\fR
+Commit the flow to the connection tracking module.
+.IP \fBtable=\fInumber\fR
+Fork pipeline processing in two. The original instance of the packet will
+continue processing the current actions list. An additional instance of the
+packet will be sent to the connection tracker, which will be re-injected into
+the OpenFlow pipeline to resume processing in table \fInumber\fR, with the
+\fBct_state\fR and other ct match fields set. If the \fBtable\fR is not
+specified, then the packet is submitted to the connection tracker, but the
+pipeline does not fork and the ct match fields are not populated. It is
+strongly recommended to specify a table later than the current table to prevent
+loops.
+.IP \fBzone=\fIvalue\fR
+.IQ \fBzone=\fIsrc\fB[\fIstart\fB..\fIend\fB]\fR
+A 16-bit context id that can be used to isolate connections into separate
+domains, allowing overlapping network addresses in different zones. If a zone
+is not provided, then the default is to use zone zero. The \fBzone\fR may be
+specified either as an immediate 16-bit \fIvalue\fR, or may be provided from an
+NXM field \fIsrc\fR. The \fIstart\fR and \fIend\fR pair are inclusive, and must
+specify a 16-bit range within the field.
+.RE
+.IP
+Currently, connection tracking is only available on Linux kernels with the
+conntrack module loaded.
+.
 .IP \fBdec_ttl\fR
 .IQ \fBdec_ttl\fB[\fR(\fIid1,id2\fI)\fR]\fR
 Decrement TTL of IPv4 packet or hop limit of IPv6 packet.  If the