[{"id":3685949,"web_url":"http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/comment/3685949/","msgid":"","list_archive_url":null,"date":"2026-05-04T17:56:29","subject":"Re: [PATCH v3 2/2] intl: Add tests for plural expression hardening","submitter":{"id":66065,"url":"http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/api/people/66065/","name":"Adhemerval Zanella Netto","email":"adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org"},"content":"On 04/05/26 14:22, Avinal Kumar wrote:\n> The first test checks for stack overflow. It uses a plural expression\n> nested 5000 levels deep using the !(1-(...)) pattern. The parser\n> accepts it (below YYMAXDEPTH=10000), but evaluation exeeds\n> EVAL_MAXDEPTH=100 and falls back to index 0 instead of crashing with\n> SIGSEGV.\n> \n> The second test checks for division by zero in plural expression. The\n> expression (n!=1)+1/(n!=1729) triggers 1/0 for n=1729. msgfmt only\n> validates 0<= n <= 1000, so the .mo file is accepted. Evaluation\n> returns PE_INTDIV and falls back instead of raising SIGFPE.\n> \n> Adaptations from gettext to glibc:\n> \n> - gettext's plural-3 embeds the nested expresion as a literal string.\n> This test uses an AWK script (plural-depth.awk) to generate the same\n> expression.\n> \n> - gettext uses LANGUAGE= (empty) with LC_ALL=ll and its own locale\n> setup. glibc requires a real locale for setlocale() or else the \"C\"\n> locale override in dcigettext.c ignores LANGUAGE entirely.\n> \n> The tests are derived from GNU gettext's plural-3 (commit 021348871a22)\n> and plural-4 (commit 429ba6c6b835), adapted to glibc's test framework.\n> \n> Original author: Bruno Haible \n> Signed-off-by: Avinal Kumar \n\nLGTM, thanks.\n\nReviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella \n\n> ---\n> Changes from v2:\n> - Use TEST_VERIFY\n> - Style changes in Makefile\n> - Typo fixed in commit message\n> \n> intl/Makefile | 32 +++++++++++++----\n> intl/plural-depth.awk | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n> intl/tst-plural-eval.c | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n> intl/tst-plural-eval.sh | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n> 4 files changed, 223 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)\n> create mode 100644 intl/plural-depth.awk\n> create mode 100644 intl/tst-plural-eval.c\n> create mode 100644 intl/tst-plural-eval.sh\n> \n> diff --git a/intl/Makefile b/intl/Makefile\n> index 42875eb1a9..a8b41a1993 100644\n> --- a/intl/Makefile\n> +++ b/intl/Makefile\n> @@ -22,13 +22,21 @@ subdir = intl\n> include ../Makeconfig\n> \n> headers = libintl.h\n> -routines = bindtextdom dcgettext dgettext gettext\t\\\n> +routines = bindtextdom dcgettext dgettext gettext \\\n> \t dcigettext dcngettext dngettext ngettext \\\n> \t finddomain loadmsgcat localealias textdomain\n> -aux =\t l10nflist explodename plural plural-exp hash-string\n> +aux = l10nflist explodename plural plural-exp hash-string\n> \n> multithread-test-srcs := tst-gettext4 tst-gettext5 tst-gettext6\n> -test-srcs := tst-gettext tst-translit tst-gettext2 tst-codeset tst-gettext3\n> +test-srcs := \\\n> +\ttst-gettext \\\n> +\ttst-translit \\\n> +\ttst-gettext2 \\\n> +\ttst-codeset \\\n> +\ttst-gettext3 \\\n> +\ttst-plural-eval\n> +\t# test-srcs\n> +\n> ifeq ($(have-thread-library),yes)\n> test-srcs += $(multithread-test-srcs)\n> endif\n> @@ -53,9 +61,15 @@ $(objpfx)plural.o: $(objpfx)plural.c\n> ifeq ($(run-built-tests),yes)\n> ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))\n> ifneq ($(strip $(MSGFMT)),:)\n> -tests-special += $(objpfx)tst-translit.out $(objpfx)tst-gettext.out \\\n> -\t\t $(objpfx)tst-gettext2.out $(objpfx)tst-codeset.out \\\n> -\t\t $(objpfx)tst-gettext3.out\n> +tests-special += \\\n> +\t$(objpfx)tst-translit.out \\\n> +\t$(objpfx)tst-gettext.out \\\n> +\t$(objpfx)tst-gettext2.out \\\n> +\t$(objpfx)tst-codeset.out \\\n> +\t$(objpfx)tst-gettext3.out \\\n> +\t$(objpfx)tst-plural-eval.out\n> +\t# tests-special\n> +\n> ifeq ($(have-thread-library),yes)\n> tests-special += $(objpfx)tst-gettext4.out $(objpfx)tst-gettext5.out \\\n> \t\t $(objpfx)tst-gettext6.out\n> @@ -103,6 +117,10 @@ $(objpfx)tst-gettext4.out: tst-gettext4.sh $(objpfx)tst-gettext4\n> $(objpfx)tst-gettext6.out: tst-gettext6.sh $(objpfx)tst-gettext6\n> \t$(SHELL) $< $(common-objpfx) '$(test-program-prefix)' $(common-objpfx)intl/; \\\n> \t$(evaluate-test)\n> +$(objpfx)tst-plural-eval.out: tst-plural-eval.sh $(objpfx)tst-plural-eval\n> +\t$(SHELL) $< $(common-objpfx) '$(test-program-prefix)' \\\n> +\t $(common-objpfx)intl/; \\\n> +\t$(evaluate-test)\n> \n> $(objpfx)tst-codeset.out: $(codeset_mo)\n> $(objpfx)tst-gettext3.out: $(codeset_mo)\n> @@ -140,6 +158,7 @@ CFLAGS-tst-gettext3.c += -DOBJPFX=\\\"$(objpfx)\\\"\n> CFLAGS-tst-gettext4.c += -DOBJPFX=\\\"$(objpfx)\\\"\n> CFLAGS-tst-gettext5.c += -DOBJPFX=\\\"$(objpfx)\\\"\n> CFLAGS-tst-gettext6.c += -DOBJPFX=\\\"$(objpfx)\\\"\n> +CFLAGS-tst-plural-eval.c += -DOBJPFX=\\\"$(objpfx)\\\"\n> \n> ifeq ($(have-thread-library),yes)\n> ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))\n> @@ -156,6 +175,7 @@ $(objpfx)tst-gettext3.out: $(objpfx)tst-gettext.out\n> $(objpfx)tst-gettext4.out: $(objpfx)tst-gettext.out\n> $(objpfx)tst-gettext5.out: $(objpfx)tst-gettext.out\n> $(objpfx)tst-gettext6.out: $(objpfx)tst-gettext.out\n> +$(objpfx)tst-plural-eval.out: $(objpfx)tst-gettext.out\n> \n> CPPFLAGS += -D'LOCALEDIR=\"$(localedir)\"' \\\n> \t -D'LOCALE_ALIAS_PATH=\"$(localedir)\"' \\\n> diff --git a/intl/plural-depth.awk b/intl/plural-depth.awk\n> new file mode 100644\n> index 0000000000..7b200c00e9\n> --- /dev/null\n> +++ b/intl/plural-depth.awk\n> @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@\n> +# plural-depth.awk - Generate .po file with deeply nested plural expression.\n> +# Copyright (C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n> +#\n> +# This file is part of the GNU C Library.\n> +#\n> +# The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n> +# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\n> +# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\n> +# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n> +#\n> +# The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n> +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n> +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\n> +# Lesser General Public License for more details.\n> +#\n> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\n> +# License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see\n> +# .\n> +\n> +# Generate a .po file whose Plural-Forms header contains a plural\n> +# expression nested DEPTH levels deep. Each level wraps as !(1-(...)),\n> +# producing an expression that is accepted by the parser (YYMAXDEPTH=10000)\n> +# but exceeds EVAL_MAXDEPTH=100 at runtime.\n> +#\n> +# Usage: awk -v DEPTH=5000 -f plural-depth.awk > plural-depth.po\n> +\n> +BEGIN {\n> + if (DEPTH == 0)\n> +\tDEPTH = 5000\n> +\n> + expr = \"\"\n> + for (i = 0; i < DEPTH; i++)\n> +\texpr = expr \"!(1-\"\n> + expr = expr \"(n!=1)\"\n> + for (i = 0; i < DEPTH; i++)\n> +\texpr = expr \")\"\n> +\n> + print \"msgid \\\"\\\"\"\n> + print \"msgstr \\\"\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Project-Id-Version: test\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-01-01 00:00+0000\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Last-Translator: \\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Language-Team: \\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Language: ll\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"MIME-Version: 1.0\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ASCII\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\\\"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=\" expr \";\\\\n\\\"\"\n> + print \"\"\n> + print \"msgid \\\"X\\\"\"\n> + print \"msgid_plural \\\"Y\\\"\"\n> + print \"msgstr[0] \\\"x\\\"\"\n> + print \"msgstr[1] \\\"y\\\"\"\n> +}\n> diff --git a/intl/tst-plural-eval.c b/intl/tst-plural-eval.c\n> new file mode 100644\n> index 0000000000..8658598330\n> --- /dev/null\n> +++ b/intl/tst-plural-eval.c\n> @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@\n> +/* Test plural expression evaluation hardening.\n> + Copyright (C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n> + This file is part of the GNU C Library.\n> +\n> + The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n> + modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\n> + License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\n> + version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n> +\n> + The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n> + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n> + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\n> + Lesser General Public License for more details.\n> +\n> + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\n> + License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see\n> + . */\n> +\n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +\n> +static int\n> +do_test (void)\n> +{\n> + unsetenv (\"OUTPUT_CHARSET\");\n> +\n> + /* Use a real locale so that the active locale is not \"C\". */\n> + TEST_VERIFY (setenv (\"LC_ALL\", \"de_DE.UTF-8\", 1) == 0);\n> + xsetlocale (LC_ALL, \"\");\n> + /* Set a dummy langauge to override lookup. */\n> + TEST_VERIFY (setenv (\"LANGUAGE\", \"ll\", 1) == 0);\n> +\n> + /* Test 1: Stack overflow in plural evaluation.\n> + The .mo file has a plural expression with 5000 levels of nesting\n> + like !(1-(!(1-(...(n!=1)...)))). Before the fix, plural_eval()\n> + used unbounded recursion and would crash with SIGSEGV on threads\n> + with small stacks. After the fix, EVAL_MAXDEPTH=100 causes\n> + plural_eval_recurse() to return PE_STACKOVF, and plural_lookup()\n> + falls back to index 0 (the singular form). */\n> +\n> + TEST_VERIFY (bindtextdomain (\"plural-depth\", OBJPFX \"domaindir\") != NULL);\n> + TEST_VERIFY (textdomain (\"plural-depth\") != NULL);\n> +\n> + /* ngettext must not crash. The return value depends on whether\n> + the depth limit is hit (falls back to index 0) or the expression\n> + evaluates successfully. Either result is acceptable. */\n> +\n> + const char *tr = ngettext (\"X\", \"Y\", 42);\n> + TEST_VERIFY (tr != NULL);\n> + TEST_VERIFY (strcmp (tr, \"x\") == 0 || strcmp (tr, \"y\") == 0);\n> +\n> + /* Test 2: Division by zero in plural evaluation.\n> + The .mo file has plural expression (n!=1)+1/(n!=1729).\n> + For n=1729, (n!=1729) is 0, so 1/0 triggers division by zero.\n> + Before the fix, this raised SIGFPE. After the fix,\n> + plural_eval_recurse() returns PE_INTDIV, and plural_lookup()\n> + falls back to index 0. */\n> +\n> + TEST_VERIFY (bindtextdomain (\"plural-divzero\", OBJPFX \"domaindir\") != NULL);\n> + TEST_VERIFY (textdomain (\"plural-divzero\") != NULL);\n> +\n> + /* ngettext with n=1729 must not crash with SIGFPE. */\n> + tr = ngettext (\"X\", \"Y\", 1729);\n> + TEST_VERIFY (tr != NULL);\n> + TEST_VERIFY (strcmp (tr, \"x\") == 0 || strcmp (tr, \"y\") == 0\n> +\t || strcmp (tr, \"z\") == 0);\n> +\n> + return 0;\n> +}\n> +\n> +#include \n> diff --git a/intl/tst-plural-eval.sh b/intl/tst-plural-eval.sh\n> new file mode 100644\n> index 0000000000..f020fa9925\n> --- /dev/null\n> +++ b/intl/tst-plural-eval.sh\n> @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@\n> +#!/bin/sh\n> +# Test plural expression evaluation hardening.\n> +# Copyright (C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n> +# This file is part of the GNU C Library.\n> +\n> +# The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n> +# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\n> +# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\n> +# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n> +\n> +# The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n> +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n> +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\n> +# Lesser General Public License for more details.\n> +\n> +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\n> +# License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see\n> +# .\n> +\n> +set -e\n> +\n> +common_objpfx=$1\n> +test_program_prefix=$2\n> +objpfx=$3\n> +\n> +# Create domain directories.\n> +mkdir -p ${objpfx}domaindir/ll/LC_MESSAGES\n> +\n> +# Test 1: Deeply nested plural expression (stack overflow test).\n> +# This expression has 5000 levels of nesting, well above EVAL_MAXDEPTH=100\n> +# but below YYMAXDEPTH=10000 so the parser accepts it.\n> +LC_ALL=C awk -v DEPTH=5000 -f plural-depth.awk > ${objpfx}plural-depth.po\n> +\n> +msgfmt -o ${objpfx}domaindir/ll/LC_MESSAGES/plural-depth.mo \\\n> + ${objpfx}plural-depth.po || exit 1\n> +\n> +# Test 2: Division by zero in plural expression (SIGFPE test).\n> +# The expression 1/(n!=1729) triggers division by zero for n=1729.\n> +# msgfmt -c only checks 0 <= n <= 1000, so this passes validation.\n> +cat > ${objpfx}plural-divzero.po < +msgid \"\"\n> +msgstr \"\"\n> +\"Project-Id-Version: test\\n\"\n> +\"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-01-01 00:00+0000\\n\"\n> +\"Last-Translator: \\n\"\n> +\"Language-Team: \\n\"\n> +\"Language: ll\\n\"\n> +\"MIME-Version: 1.0\\n\"\n> +\"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ASCII\\n\"\n> +\"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\\n\"\n> +\"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n!=1)+1/(n!=1729);\\n\"\n> +\n> +msgid \"X\"\n> +msgid_plural \"Y\"\n> +msgstr[0] \"x\"\n> +msgstr[1] \"y\"\n> +msgstr[2] \"z\"\n> +EOF\n> +\n> +msgfmt -o ${objpfx}domaindir/ll/LC_MESSAGES/plural-divzero.mo \\\n> + ${objpfx}plural-divzero.po || exit 1\n> +\n> +# Run the test.\n> +${test_program_prefix} \\\n> +${objpfx}tst-plural-eval ${objpfx}domaindir\n> +\n> +exit $?","headers":{"Return-Path":"","X-Original-To":["incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org","libc-alpha@sourceware.org"],"Delivered-To":["patchwork-incoming@legolas.ozlabs.org","libc-alpha@sourceware.org"],"Authentication-Results":["legolas.ozlabs.org;\n\tdkim=pass (2048-bit key;\n unprotected) header.d=linaro.org header.i=@linaro.org header.a=rsa-sha256\n header.s=google header.b=PZM2reuL;\n\tdkim-atps=neutral","legolas.ozlabs.org;\n spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=sourceware.org\n (client-ip=2620:52:6:3111::32; helo=vm01.sourceware.org;\n envelope-from=libc-alpha-bounces~incoming=patchwork.ozlabs.org@sourceware.org;\n receiver=patchwork.ozlabs.org)","sourceware.org;\n\tdkim=pass (2048-bit key,\n unprotected) header.d=linaro.org header.i=@linaro.org header.a=rsa-sha256\n header.s=google header.b=PZM2reuL","sourceware.org;\n dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=linaro.org","sourceware.org; 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